Gịnị bụ heraldry? Heraldry Russia

Heraldry dịwo anya a dum omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme onu. Pụta dị ka ihe àgwà nke chivalry na ama, taa ya edebe ke obodo na ala akara.

Gịnị bụ heraldry? Firstly, ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere ịdọ aka ná ntị na-amụrụ emblem. Nke abuo, ọ bụ onu nke were ihe oyiyi, nke pụtara na Middle Ages.

The si malite mkpuchi nke ogwe aka

Iji ghọta ihe bụ heraldry, ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta mgbe ọ pụtara. Markings na uniforms sitere n'oge heyday nke chivalry na XII narị afọ n'etiti mbụ na nke abụọ Agha Ntụte. Maara aha malitere inweta ha ka ha onwe ha njirimara n'ọgbọ agha.

Site na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ, ha na-agụ akụkọ nwere pụtara na obodo, okpukpe iwu, bourgeois. Otu ihe dị mkpa onyinye mgbasa nke a ọhụrụ onu mere jousting tournaments.

Heraldry na Russia

Russian heraldry a na-ewere biiri Western European omenala. Na Russia, ike apụta mkpuchi nke ogwe aka na ot uche nke okwu, ka mbụ a art pụta dị ka akụkụ nke omenala nke chivalry, nke bụ na-anọghị na ndị Slav. O sina dị, ọbụna tupu ya na Europe Slavic ọnụmara na ebo nwere ha onwe ha na-agụ akụkọ, n'Ịntanet na-ekpere arụsị totems.

Na doo nke Orthodox rus ígwè a na-eji dị ka njirimara akara abụọ ugo, adiaha si Byzantine. Ke adianade do, ndị nkịtị Christian cross aghọwo a akara.

Ke n'etiti ndị na Asaa narị afọ Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, chọrọ ike a na ezinụlọ osisi nke Russian isi, ọ chọrọ enyemaka nke Austrian King of Ngwá Lawrence Hurelevichu. Mkpa bụ "Royal titulyarnik" chịkọtara 1672 mba diplomatic gị n'ụlọnga. O weere na a otutu ụfọdụ n'ihe nnọchianya nke dị iche iche Russian ala a otu coherent picture. Heraldry Russia nweta ihe ọmụma bara uru site na nke a na-arụ ọrụ.

N'okpuru Peter m malitere iji nweta ha onwe ha uwe na ogwe aka na magburu onwe ụlọ. "Ọ ẹtọhọ na Russian Alaeze Ukwu", emi esịnede na 1797, gụnyere ihe karịrị 3000 ọnyà odide.

Mgbe 1917 mgbanwe, na Russian heraldry aghọwo ihe inyeaka mere ịdọ aka ná ntị. N'oge, ọ na-akpọte ifịk mmasị nke ọha mmadụ. Na 1999 Heraldic Council e guzobere n'okpuru President nke Russian Federation.

Ọcha nke uwe-nke ogwe aka

Nhazi pụrụ iche ihe ịrịba ama nwere a iri na abuo ihe. Nke a na ọta, na-akwado, ndepụta, na torse t. D.

Ya entourage n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-ekpebi motto. Kemgbe ụwa, ndị e dere na Latin. N'ihi ya, ụkpụrụ nduzi nke Lermontov bụ ahịrịokwu «Sors mea Jesus» ( «The ise m Jesus"). Na-enyemaka nke ndị a nkebi ahịrịokwu anọchi a agwa na nyere onwe ya na genus, obodo, na na. D. Nke a bụ ihe ọzọ na onu na-enye gị ohere ịza ajụjụ banyere ihe bụ heraldry.

heraldic ọta

The isi mmewere nke ọ bụla emblem - ọta. Na o nwere otu onye na-set of ọgụgụ. Iche iche nkọwa na-achọ a dịgasị iche iche nke shapes nke ọta. Ha na-ekewa tinyere agbụrụ e.

Na Middle Ages oyiyi ndị a udi nke ọta nke naiti si chebe onwe akụrụngwa. Otú ọ dị, na ofufe nke knight dị ka ihe dị mkpa ọgụ image ndibọbọ Ibé akwụkwọ na-ọzọ enweghi ike ime udi.

The kasị nkịtị ụdị - French (akụkụ anọ ọta na a kapịrị ọnụ isi). Na Russian omenala, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, "French" echiche na-kasị nkịtị.

Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru Varangian (zita), Spanish (square na gburugburu isi), English (nọdụ triangle aak na isi) na German (ekara) ọta.

tincture

The ihe onwunwe na nke ọta na-etinyere ka onyinyo bụ ozugbo yiri ka agba palette nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu akara. Ọ dịghị onye nke pụrụ iche ihe ịrịba ama na-apụghị ghọtara iche si ya na agba. Ọtụtụ mgbe abụọ dị otú ahụ webs wee bụrụ otu na otu foto, ma n'otu oge ahụ dị iche na-agba, radically-agbanwe ihe, nke na-eburu ihe ndị mejupụtara. Ya mere, i nwere ike ịza n'aka ajụjụ nke ihe bụ heraldry: na visual nkà. Coatings na ágbá ikpochapụ ozu nwere onwe ha okwu - tincture.

Enamel

Tupu n'ezie na-agba pụta ụwa emblemovedeniyu ga depụta ihe na nke ihe oyiyi na-etinyere. All atọ nke ha. Ọ dịghị nkọwa nke ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ike ghara adade "Heraldry."

Enamel - coatings nke Akwukwo nso a ntụ ntụ na a vitreous Enamel. Ke adianade do, mgbe eke topsheet oké ozu "labelụ" ka eji site isi efere ọla kọpa. Enamel ndị kasị ochie France, ebe kpaliri Russia. Na mba anyị taa, e nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nwere otu aha etinyere nkà (Vologda, Rostov, na na. D.). N'ihi enamels ji ise na agba.

Red (ma ọ bụ uhie uhie) na agba na-egosi obi ike, omeka agu na Atụghị egwu. N'ịbụ agwakọta ịnweta cinnabar na minium. Red-aj u - otu n'ime ndị nke nwere ike ịnya isi nke ọ bụla mba heraldry. Red flags nwere n'etiti ndị kasị nkịtị.

Blue (ma ọ bụ na mbara igwe-acha anụnụ anụnụ) na agba na-eji imesi mma, ịdị ebube na softness. Lazuli ink na-agụnye ultramarine na cobalt metal.

The nwa agba na-amata na ịdị umeala n'obi, amamihe na-enwe mwute. Iji mee ka mkpuchi nke nwa agba e-eji na mbụ nsure ọdụ.

Green - a nnọchianya nke ukwuu, olileanya ya na ọṅụ. -Akpali mmasị, maka ịkụziri ndị image shades nke green Ifuru eke herbs eji, na chromium.

Purple agba bụ a ihe ịrịba ama nke ọ bụghị naanị ike na ike, ma na-ùgwù. Jiri obere ugboro ugboro na ike nke anọ na agba. Purple - a ngwakọta nke red e ji esiji ákwà na carmine pink agba ghọọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị gara aga agba na-atụle mejupụtara, mgbe ahụ, na ojiji nke ọzọ palettes ụkọ. Ọ na-adịghị mgbe i nwere ike ịhụ Enamel oroma, ogho uhie, na ọbara, na agba aja aja, isi awọ na pink agba.

metal nhazi

The abụọ onwunwe - ọla. Na abụọ nke ha ụdị - ọlaedo na ọlaọcha, nke, ihe ndị ọzọ, na-ewere magburu.

Nke mbụ n'ime ha, nke nwere mpako aha "eze nke ọla", na-anọchi anya ya akụnụba, ike na ama. Ke adianade do, na Christian omenala ọlaedo na agba - a ịrịba ama nke ikpe ziri ezi, okwukwe, ọrụ ebere, na ịdị umeala n'obi.

Silver na ya whiteness mgbe niile na-arahụ aka na aka na-adị ọcha, ọcha, mmesapụ aka na-eme ihe n'eziokwu. Ọ bụla, ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa ọla na-kegide ha ihe niile na-bụ ihe kasị mma ụmụ mmadụ na-agwa.

Gold na-atụle ihe analọg nke odo agba, mgbe silver jikọtara ọcha agba. Ha na-emekarị kpuchie uwe agha ogwe aka. Heraldry kwuru acha ọcha na agba otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị na ya art. Artists pụrụ inweta ọlaedo na ọlaọcha na agba na-enyemaka nke ọ bụghị nanị na ozugbo na ọla, ma amamiihe agba.

The ajị anụ na mbadamba

Mgbe na-eme ka uwe nke ogwe aka nke abụọ omenala na-eji ajị anụ ụmụ anụmanụ - squirrels na weasels.

Ermine ẹwụtde na ọlaọcha ma ọ bụ ọlaedo ubi n'ụdị obe na nwa. Nke a ihe onwunwe bụ ihe nnọchianya nke ike. Nri iji ya ma nwere nanị eze na magburu onwe usoro ndị eze na ndị na-enwe otu ọnọdụ na ọha mmadụ.

Osa cover emee n'ụdị acha anụnụ anụnụ-agba ntụ na-acha ọcha akpukpọ. N'adịghị ka analọg ermine, ọ na-anọchi anya ihe ọ bụla na a kọwara ọtụtụ n'ụdị okpu agha. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ihe onwunwe, ihe atụ, na Russia na-obere.

-Akpali mmasị, furs, nke bụ na a adịchaghị na ochie Europe, na-eji ihe ịchọ mma nke knightly ọkọlọtọ ọbụna tupu ya emblem.

Relic nke gara aga nwere ike na-ewere na Sable aji. Ka ihe atụ, ọ ga-hụrụ na banner nke ama ezinụlọ Hohenzollern. Ọ bụ site na nke a usoro ndị eze, e nwere ndị eze nke Prussia na Kaiser nke Germany.

Okooko osisi dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke

Okooko osisi na heraldry ndị na-ewu ewu ọbụna n'etiti ndị eze mụrụ. Ihe atụ, na England, garlands na ùkwù nke Roses nwere ike igosi na ndị emblem nke na-achị usoro ndị eze. Ọ bụrụ na ndị magburu onwe ezinụlọ nwere ndị ikwu n'etiti ha kpuwere isi, ọ na-apụghị iji ihe karịrị otu rose na ya ọta.

Agha nke Roses, nke malitere na England na XV narị afọ, a na-akpọ ya na-agụ akụkọ nke abụọ usoro ndị eze na vying n'ihi na ike. Lancaster mpako nke ya red bilie, a Yorkie - acha ọcha. E nwere ndị ọzọ incarnation spiked okooko osisi. Unofficial emblem nke Bulgarian Rose bụ uhie uhie, mgbe odo Roses - ihe nnọchianya nke Beijing.

Ọzọ ụwa na-ama ifuru logo - lily. Ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya nke chi atọ n'ime okooko lili nke Bourbons, onye chịrị France ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, na Spain ogide ocheeze taa.

Uke si heraldic akara aghọwo a nnọchianya nke dum Scotland. Osisi atụ chrysanthemum, nke bụ mba ifuru nke Japan kemgbe VII narị afọ.

Osisi na ogwe aka

Oak. Nke pụtara heraldry na a ụkpụrụ yiri? Kemgbe oge ochie ya nọchiri ike na ume. Ke adianade do, na stampụ na flags pụrụ mgbe mgbe chọta ya mkpụrụ osisi - acorns.

Osisi olive, akpan akpan ya alaka mara dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke udo. Nke a nkọwa na-esite na Bible. Dị ka Old Testament, nduru me ihe olive alaka Noa dị ka a ihe ịrịba ama nke ndị nchupu nke Iju Mmiri. Ndị Alakụba na-ewere osisi olive nke ndụ. Nduru ebu a alaka nke osisi nwere ike hụrụ ka ihe atụ, na ogwe aka nke Fiji.

Nakwa na akwụkwọ ịma ọkwa bụ ọsọ pine na udara (na Japan - a nnọchiteanya nke akụ na ụba na ihe ịga nke ọma).

Birds na akwụkwọ ịma ọkwa

Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị nnụnụ ndị ọzọ dị ka a visual image, i nwere ike ịhụ ugo, bụ nke na European omenala na-ekwu okwu nke na-achị na ike. Ọ nwere ike na-hụrụ na US pịa, ebe ọ na-esetịpụ ihe olive alaka na àkú kwuru iri na atọ (nọmba nke okobot ekwu).

Heraldry karịsịa nlezianya na-amụ udi nke abụọ-gawa ugo, nke nwere ike dị na omenala dị iche iche iche iche. Ọ na-kweere na ya si malite bụ ụgwọ banye Sumerian mmepeanya oge ochie Mesopotamia. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ kwagara Het.

Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium na-eji abụọ gawa ugo na njirimara enweghị nzube. Ọ bụ n'ebe ọ, tinyere Chọọchị Ọtọdọks e bufere Russia, ebe ọ natara a abụọ nwa. Fantastic nnụnụ a chọrọ mma na akwụkwọ ịma ọkwa Chernigov, Tver na Moscow isi.

Ọ bụ ewu ewu n'etiti ndị Germany (ndị German Confederation, Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom, Austria na Hungarian Alaeze Ukwu, na na. D.). Taa, a na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ugbu na flags nke Albania, Armenia, Russia, Serbia na Montenegro.

Yiri ugo na ya magburu onwe àgwà agụ nkwọ, nke ka na Middle Ages e jikọtara ya na nwoke àgwà: mmesapụ aka, chivalry, obi ike na ume.

Yiri na pụtara oyiyi nke nnụnụ dị ka heron, kreenu na ụgbala. Dị ka a na-achị, ha na-egosi na guzo otu ụkwụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a mejupụtara na-agụnye ịkpachara anya na-amụ anya.

Nnụnụ "kpọọ" ndị mmadụ akwaa, ọbọgwụ na roosters.

The atụ nke anụmanụ

Wolf karịsịa nkịtị ke German ochie omenala. N'otu oge ahụ, na-eri ibe nwere a dị iche iche ifo pụtara. Russian omenala ekwu ya iwe, anyaukwu na iribiga ihe ókè. The Bible bụ a anu ara - onye nke ndị amụma ụgha. Mara na ike nke ndị ikwu ya Lupa Capitolina, udia nwa ya mmiri ara ehi. Ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya nke "ebighi obodo" nke Rome. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, ọ zọpụta aguu ụmụnna Romulus na Remus, nke mbụ nke nke, na tọrọ ntọala mmezi.

Ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ na-ahụta ka otu umeala n'obi na enweghị obi ike. Nke a mgbada na atụrụ. Nwa atụrụ nwere a pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ na Christian omenala. Nwa-aturu Chineke n'Oziọma Iisus Hristos a na-akpọ. Enweghị ya, m na-apụghị ime European Catholic heraldry. Characters si akụkọ Bible mgbe nile na-arụ a ma ama ebe ke Old World.

The ịnyịnya nwere ahụkebe ọnọdụ dị ka a mma banner ebe ọ bụ a kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi knight Satellites. Ọ na-anọchi anya ọ bụghị nanị na ndị na-agba na nraranye, ma nwee obi ike. The ịnyịnya na-mgbe ẹwụtde ke profaịlụ.

Ele, ka mgbe e weere na a magburu onwe ya nke anụ ahụ, bụ na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị magburu onwe ezinụlọ. Dike pụrụ iji ya image dị ka ihe àmà nke mmaja nke ndị iro, n'ihi na mpi bi n'oké ọhịa ha isi chụpụ agwọ.

Boar ji ime ihe ike ya iwe, ọ na-eburu agwa àgwà ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka obi ike na Atụghị egwu. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ na-ẹwụtde ke profaịlụ Otú ọ dị, pụtara nanị boar isi.

ọgwụgwụ

Today na-arụsi ọrụ na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke heraldry. Ọ ebe ọ bụ na ọdịdị ya na-otu n'ime ndị kasị ama oyiyi nke ochie feudal ọha mmadụ. Iche ihe ịrịba ama bụ ihe àmà nke nke ezinụlọ ha na klas. Mbelata nke mmasị na onu depụtara XVIII narị afọ. N'ime oge ahụ, na-doro anya na foto nke feudal remnants, na-anọgide na dị ka "iru" obodo ukwu na-ekwu.