Gịnị bụ oyi egwuregwu? Biathlon. Bobsleigh. Ski. Cross-mba ski. Ski Jumping. Luge. Ọkpụkpụ. Snowboard. ọgụgụ iji atụrụ

Winter egwuregwu ike idi-enweghị snow na ice. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị nnọọ ewu ewu n'etiti Fans nke ifịk si ebi ndụ. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile oyi egwuregwu, na ndepụta nke na-mgbe niile na-eto eto, na-gụnyere na mpi omume nke Olympic Games. Ka anyị tụlee ụfọdụ n'ime ha.

na-ejighị n'aka mba

Mountain snowboard (freeride) - egosi otú nnukwu, na otú ize ndụ. The mpi na-ẹkenịmde na-akwadebe na-eje ozi site ụzọ. Professionals na nke a, mara na ọ bụ na-amaghị nwoke snow - kacha mma elu maka ngosi nke niile nke ahụ, ohere nke a egwuregwu na ngwa, dị ka ugwu snowboarding. N'ihi na beginners na ọ bụ mma ghara ịnwa akara aka, n'ihi na a ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ na-amaghị ebe.

International asọmpi Freeride mụụrụ kwa afo n'etiti enwechaghị ahụmahụ na ndị ọkachamara. The egwuregwu a na-ekewa ndị na-esonụ na ige:

• Fechaa freeride. Nke a na nhọrọ bụ mfe na kasị dịrị nchebe. Na-asọ mpi na-na n'elu ugwu na inwego. The ụmụ a rụrụ bụghị na steepest mkpọda.
• Backcountry. Ọ dị iche si aga na na na-eme egwuregwu onwe ha azụ n'elu. N'oge ugbu a bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu.
• Xelibording-. Sonyere na nke ugwu na-enye helikopta. Oké ọnụ ụdị ntụrụndụ. Ná mba ụfọdụ ọ na-aju.
• Ketskiing. On top na-eme egwuregwu-anapụta a pụrụ iche igwe (snowcat). Ọnụ ala karịa helibording.
• Snoumotorbording. Ụkpụrụ nke mmiri ski, ma kama nke mmiri - snow, ma, kama nke ụgbọ mmiri - n'obere ụgbọala.

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ na-agbalị onwe gị na nke a egwuregwu ma snowboard gị mkpa nnukwu nyocha na shọvel, a beeper, a na redio, a nchekwa okpu agha, nakwa dị ka ụzọ nke nnapụta bụrụ na nke nnukwu hit.

Adọkpụ ya onye toro eto

Ọkpụkpụ - egwuregwu na-agba na elu na-agba. Nke a egwuregwu nwere otu aha dị ka isi projectile. Ọkpụkpụ - bụ ụdị-adọkpụ na a dara nha etiti na ígwè skids. Na-eme egwuregwu ahụ dara na ha na ntụziaka nke ije. Management a rụrụ iji pụrụ iche spikes na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.

The mbụ mpi wee ebe dị anya 1890 na Innsbruck (Austria). Na oyi egwuregwu, n'ihi na nke asọmpi na-ẹkenịmde ke Olympic Games, e mesịrị gụnyere na ọkpụkpụ. Nke a mere na 1928. The mbụ Olympic onye mmeri na ọkpụkpụ Jennison Heaton ghọrọ United States of America. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọlaọcha nrite gara nwanne ya nke nta.

Ọkpụkpụ ọsọ n'oge osooso - banyere iri anọ kilomita kwa awa. Oke - 130 km / h. Mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere bobsleigh na tobogganing, ọkpụkpụ dị nnọọ ize ndụ. The nwetụrụ mebiri nke iwu pụrụ iduga ọdachi na ọnwụ.

Ngụkọta arọ nke projectile na-eme egwuregwu ekwesịghị gafere 115 kilogram maka ndị ikom na 92 - n'ihi na ndị inyom. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na weighting nwere ike sled pụrụ iche dị arọ.

toboggan

Na-eme egwuregwu na-asọrịta mpi na downhill na njikere track. Ha na-emi odude ke otu ma ọ bụ abụọ-adọkpụ na ya azụ, ụkwụ mbụ. Ịchịkwa ọnọdụ nke ahụ shei na-gbanwere.

Ùgwù na-eto eto na-akawanye onye ngwa ngwa ga-abụ na-agbaru. Ọ bụrụ na onye na-eme egwuregwu okokụre iche si sled, ọ na-disqualified. Na ọdịda nke projectile nwere ike kwụsị, a pụrụ isi chọta na a snow wee na nrida.

The ngwaọrụ sled na ibu kpọmkwem na ụkpụrụ. Mgbochi ụfọdụ emetụta akụrụngwa na-eme egwuregwu na ha ibu ibu. N'oge mbido mpi ịtọ malite iji.

Asọmpi nwere ike ẹkenịmde na eke na keakamere mkpọda. Adịbeghị anya pụrụ iche maka omume. Luge bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na Alpine mba. Na e nwere ndị niile eke na ọtụtụ wuru mkpọda.

Ski track oku

Ski agbụrụ na-ẹkenịmde on a pụrụ iche kwadebere track. The mpi aka a onye nke a na-na udi - mmekọahụ, afọ, wdg N'ihi na oge mbụ mpi na nke a egwuregwu ada itie ke 1767 ke Norway ... Norwegian atụ anya, e sotere Finns na Swedes. Mgbe ahụ skai ọduọ craze kpochapụ Central Europe. Erule afọ abụọ na puku abụọ, e nwere ndị a obere ihe na-erughị otu narị mba federations ski.

Cross-mba ski nwere ike iri ebe ma na oge gboo na freestyle ịnya. Tụlee ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu:

• Classic n'onwe-agụnye ije nke duru bu na mbụ kwadebere track esịnede abụọ yiri e. Standard skai Nkea subdivided n'ime ọzọ na n'otu oge (nkwado dị ka nwere ike chepụtara, dabeere na ruo-asọ oyi mode). The ọtụtụ ihe na onye na okirikiri akowa besshazhny, chetyrehshazhny ma ọ bụ dvuhshazhny aga. The kasị variant nke ikpeazụ. Nke a na usoro na-enyere aka iji nweta ihe kacha ije ike ọsọ na ndagwurugwu na ewepụghị ebe (mkpọda - bụghị karịrị abụọ degrees, ma ọ bụ karịa na ise, ihe magburu onwe eji na-eweli nkezi mkpọda).
• Freestyle duru bu presupposes nnwere onwe zuru ezu nke ihe. The okaegwuregwwu nwoke na-ahọrọ ndị kasị mma nhọrọ maka anya nke ije. Nke a style na-akpọ onye na analogue nke iji atụrụ. Professionals ahọrọ n'otu oge odnoshazhny iji atụrụ aga ma n'out oge dvuhshazhny.

List na nkenke ikowa ọkọlọtọ ụdị cross-mba ski:

• Dakọtara na iche iche mmalite. Skiers-amalite na a ụfọdụ usoro na a set nkeji. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ bụ iri atọ sekọnd na-erughị 1 nkeji ma ọ bụ 15 sekọnd. The usoro na-enyere aka ikpebi Olee, ma ọ bụ ugbu a na ọnọdụ na ogo nke na-eme egwuregwu. Ike ga-amalite ikpeazụ. Mgbe ịgbakọ ikpeazụ n'ihi nke imecha oge ọ bụla na duru bu ewe mmalite.
• Mass mmalite. All na-eme egwuregwu na-amalite mpi n'otu oge. The kasị mma ebe gara skiers, bụ ndị gosiri na nke kacha mma na aga na oge opener.
• Achụ. Nke a na ụdị agbụrụ bụ a jikọrọ omume ndị metụtara ọtụtụ nkebi. The results nke gara aga agbụrụ na-ekpebi na-amalite ọnọdụ nke skiers. Arụ na-emekarị na-ewe ebe nkebi abụọ, otu onye nke sonyere na-agba ọsọ free style, na ndị ọzọ - a kpochapụwo. Ndị a agbụrụ na-enwe ma na ụbọchị abụọ, ma ọ bụ na otu nkeji nke a awa ole na ole.
• Relay agbụrụ abuana mpi ìgwè nke anọ skiers. The mpi a na-anọ nkebi. Ọ na-amalite na a uka mmalite. Changeover usoro - aka onye aka, ma ndị na-eme egwuregwu ga-a pụrụ iche na mpaghara (Changeover ọnọdụ).
• Onye Sprint. The mpi na-amalite na a iche iche mmalite. Ọ bụ a nzere. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, skiers mpi na Sprint. Ruo mgbe ikpeazụ agba, ka a na-achị, ọ na-abịa dịghị ihe karịrị iri atọ na-eme egwuregwu. Abịa uzo nke nkeji iri na ise-finals, ọkara finals na mgbe, na mgbe ahụ na - na finals na A.
• Team Sprint anọchi anya baton. Onye ọ bụla otu nwere ihe abụọ agba. Na-agba ọsọ site na atọ na isii laps na egwu, ha na-agbaso onye ọ bụla ọzọ alternately. Ọ bụrụ na ọkara ikpeazụ asọmpi (abụọ) ìgwè etinyere a otutu, na-ẹkenịmde.

Na ukara asọmpi ogologo anya nwere ike ịbụ na asatọ mita ruo iri ise kilomita.

A itu ukwu na ọchịchịrị

Winter egwuregwu na-agụnye skai jumping na a tupu onwem na kickers. Dị otú ahụ ihe nwere ike esịne ke Nordic jikọtara ma ọ rụrụ iche iche.

Nke a egwuregwu na-abịa anyị si Norway. Ná mba a ruo ogologo oge mpi na slalom - nọkwa si n'ugwu. Ọ na-esịne ke Winter Olympics. Sports, nke ga-asọrịta mpi maka chọsiri ike inweta nrite, amapụ site a rata semidesyatimetrovogo sonyeere na 1924. The sonyere nke ihe omume a na, na, na ugbu a nwere ike ịbụ naanị nwoke na-eme egwuregwu.

Ugbu a, jumping nwere ike na-ebe ke ma okpomọkụ na oyi. The kasị dị ịrịba ama na-ebupụta na-ẹkenịmde na oyi oge na devyanostometrovyh (na n'elu) jumps.

Ka anyị kwuo banyere Usoro nke egwuregwu. The bụ isi ndị na - dispersal, ndọrọ ego si nkewa nke table, na ụgbọ elu na-adọ, ọdịda. Ọrụ dị mkpa na-egwuri site ike nke na-eme egwuregwu n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị ahazi ha mmegharị.

The na-adọ nke ụgbọ elu nke duru bu ụkwụ na-na otu ụgbọelu. On ọdịda ogbo ala ụkwụ ga-a ọnọdụ a na-akpọ raznozhkoy (Telemark). Iji mee nke a, onye ụkwụ na-bulie ije, ndị ọzọ na-retracted, ma kpebisiri na ikpere. Enịm aka ya na-enịm wider karịa ubu n'obosara. Ski na a ga-dị ka nso ọnụ na ihe yiri ka ọ bụla ọzọ. The ịga nke ọma ọdịda nye zuru okè nke elu na moto nchikota. Bụrụ na nke na-ekwesịghị ịdị mmejuputa raznozhki na-eme egwuregwu na-efunari dị oké ọnụ ahịa ihe. Ikpe nlezianya tụlee ọdịda duru bu. Atuak elu nke ugwu ọ bụla akụkụ nke ahụ ahụ, na-enweghị isi mmegharị, ọnwụ nke itule, ada - niile a bụ fraught na deductions. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọ bụrụ na-eme egwuregwu dara maka a akụkụ pụrụ iche, ọ na-adịghị emetụta n'ozuzu N'ihi.

awụlikwa elu Usoro a enyocha ise ikpe. The kacha ekwe omume akara - na iri abụọ. Iji n'ihi kwukwara nchikota scores maka awụlikwa elu anya (gbakọọ na a pụrụ iche table).

Gbaa ngwa ngwa, gbaa n'ụzọ ziri ezi

Ị nwere mmasị ị na nke a ụdị egwuregwu dị ka biathlon? Kọwaa ihe ndị bụ isi na iwu nke mpi na onye nkebi nke a na-eri ahụ eme ihe.

• Onye agbụrụ. Biathlon sitere si na ụdị mpi. Ọ bụ ndị kasị ochie ịdọ aka ná ntị. Skiers gaa mmalite na a dị iche nke 30-60 sekọnd. Anya ogologo - iri kilomita, elu - si 600 na 750 mita. Onye ọ bụla na-eme egwuregwu bụ na ihe onwunwe nke iri abụọ agba na obere caliber égbè arọ nke dị atọ na ọkara kilos. Ihe ịma aka bụ merie skiers anọ firing edoghi (nke ọ bụla na ise zaa). Agbapụ na-eme sequentially, kwere ọnọdụ - dina ala ma ọ bụ ọtọ. Ịrịba dị n'etiti nke atọ na nke iri na asaa a ọkara kilometa, nkeji na-abụkarị atọ kilomita. Duru bu free ha ịhọrọ iche. The anya n'etiti na-eme egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ - na iri ise mita. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere a kụrụ, nke lekwasịrị ga-akpaghị aka na-emechi na diski ọcha. Ileghara gụnyere a ntaramahụhụ nkeji. Na dayameta nke iche maka agbapụ na supine ọnọdụ bụ iri anọ na ise millimeters na adade itie - otu narị na iri na ise millimeters.

• Sprint. Na ogologo nke anya - iri kilomita, elu - na narị atọ, narị anọ na iri ise mita. The nkeji oge n'etiti mmalite nke na-eme egwuregwu bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka onye mba - iri atọ na iri isii sekọnd. First firing akara na-emi odude atọ kilomita mgbe mmalite (kwere nanị gbaa dina ala), nke abụọ - mgbe asaa kilomita (na-eme egwuregwu see lekwasịrị mgbe eguzo). The ugwo maka ọ bụla enweteghi - ntaramahụhụ akaghị nke 150 mita. Iji merie ya, duru bu emefu-emekarị 20-25 sekọnd. The ike na-eme egwuregwu na-agbaru na iri-na-anọ nkeji (ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-irite a ntaramahụhụ loops). Anya n'ihi na ndị inyom bụ asaa na ọkara kilomita. Firing edoghi bụ abụọ na ọkara na ise kilomita mgbe mmalite. The ike nke ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị Sprint e.
• Relay agbụrụ Fans ihe kasị akpali akpali na biathlon. Ìgwè kpụrụ nke anọ na-eme egwuregwu. The mpi na-amalite na a uka mmalite. The anya na a ga-emeri onye ọ bụla biathlete, bụ asaa na ọkara kilomita. Abụọ na-agba e. Na mbu shot mgbe guzo na abụọ - agha ụgha. Na nke ọ bụla lekwasịrị e nyere site na asatọ mgbọ, ise nke ndị na-ama na ụlọ ahịa, na ndị ọzọ na-ebubo iji aka mgbe ọ dị mkpa edemede. Otu ndudue - otu ntaramahụhụ na otu narị na iri ise mita. Imeri ya anya duru bu na-aga na-baton ọzọ so ha na otu. The kasị nwee ahụmahụ biathletes egosi a otu N'ihi ya, iri atọ kilomita na iri asatọ nkeji.
• Achụ (achụ). Nke a na ụdị mpi maka oge mbụ gụnyere na mmemme nke egwuregwu na World Cup ke 1996. Amalite na iri isii biathletes. The agbụrụ emekarị na-ewe ihe karịrị ọkara otu awa. Nke a na-enye ohere asọmpi nke ụdị ihe ịga nke ọma dabara n'ime a okporo nke telivishọn na-agbasa ozi. Order na etiti oge kpebisiri ike site sonyere nke Sprint agbụrụ. Asọmpi na-ejighị n'aka ruo n'ókè n'ihi na-abụkarị onye na-eso onye ọ bụla ọzọ n'ihi na nke etịbe arụpụta a mgbaru ọsọ. Anya nwoke na-eme egwuregwu bụ iri na abụọ na ọkara kilomita. Women merie anya nke iri kilomita. Abụọ mbụ égbè nso firing dina ala na abụọ ikpeazụ - guzo. Ya mere, skiers, nwee obi ike égbè na a kehoraizin ọnọdụ, nwere ohere ga-esi n'ihu na mmalite nke egwuregwu. Na-eme egwuregwu, dị ka na-eti a lekwasịrị eguzo, nwere ohere were a-eduga ọnọdụ na n'isi. Nke ziri ezi na nke a bụ isi ihe na a ọma arụmọrụ, nwere ike ghara kwuru nke Sprint, ebe nzukọ mejọrọ nwere ike ụgwọ atụrụ ọsọ. The ugwo maka afiak okpu nditọ lekwasịrị ọkọlọtọ - otu narị na iri ise mita nke ntaramahụhụ. Ebe ọ bụ na 2002 arụ gụnyere ke oyi egwuregwu, n'ihi na nke i nwere ike inwe a nrite na Olympics.
• Mass mmalite-agụnye iri abụọ na asaa na-eme egwuregwu bụ ndị na-egosi onwe ha mma karịa ndị ọzọ nke World Cup. mpi iwu ndị yiri onye agbụrụ. Isịneke bụ anya nke ogologo (nke bụ mkpumkpu), na mgbe na-agba ọnọdụ (ewekarị, dina ala, ka ha guzo ọtọ, guzo ọtọ).

speed sled

Nrida si n'ugwu na elu na-agba na agwa na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na a na-aga - na Olympic egwuregwu. Bobsleigh si Switzerland. Na 1888, Wilson, Smith nwetara echiche jikọọ abụọ ụzọ abụọ nke elu-ọsọ sled ndito St. Moritz ka Celerina, geographically odude ubé ala. Education ụwa mbụ bobsled club nwere na njedebe nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ. N'otu oge anyị mepụtara bụ isi iwu. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na-arụ ọrụ nke sled bụ mgbe a otu nke ise na-eme egwuregwu - ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ na ndị ikom atọ.

All adọkpụ bobsleigh emepụta na a otu oru ngo - ihe niile na-metal ahu, streamlined udi, abụọ na abụọ nke skate-agba ọsọ (n'ihu bụ ibughari site ya akara na rụrụ; n'azụ anyịnya, maka mgbochi).

Ugbu a, ndị mpi ji okpukpu abụọ na quadruple bobsled. The "abụọ" na-: ibu - ọ dịghị ihe karịrị otu narị na iri isii na ise kilogram, ogologo - adịghị karịa 2,7 mita. The "quartet" kwesịrị agaghịkwa karịa 3.8 mita na ọ dịghị arọ karịa abụọ na narị abụọ na iri atọ kilogram.

Gịnị bụ a bobsled? Nke a ice paseeji ewekarị on a mesikwuru ihe isi, wuru na ọtụtụ bends na twists. Mkpokọta track ogologo nwere ike ịdị iche iche site na ọkara ka abụọ kilomita. Ihe dị iche na elu - site na 130 na 150 mita. N'oge ụmụ sled iru gbapụrụ ọsọ nke 150 km kwa awa.

Egwú na Ice

Ọgụgụ iji atụrụ na-akpụ akpụ na-eme egwuregwu iji atụrụ na ice mkpuchi. ọzọ ọcha na-gburu na n'otu oge ahụ na music. Na ukara asọmpi kpebiri egwu anọ tent nke Ọla. N'ihi ya, na-eme egwuregwu na-asọrịta mpi na ọnụ ọgụgụ iji atụrụ na na mmadụ abụọ (ikom na ndị inyom iche iche), nakwa dị ka na ice ịgba egwú.

Ihe odide kasị ochie ice skates, nke na-a maara ugbu a na e mere na oze Age. Ha a hụrụ na otu n'ime n'igbere mmiri na Southern Bug (nso Odessa). N'ihi na ha na emeputa na-eji a phalanx forelimbs ịnyịnya. The mbụ ígwè skates pụtara na Holland. Nke a na obodo bụ ebe omumu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ iji atụrụ. Ma isi shapes na-mepụtakwara na UK. The mbụ mpi nke mba klas ẹkenịmde ke Vienna na 1882.

Ọgụgụ iji atụrụ e nyere ndị n'ókèala Russia n'okpuru Peter Mbụ. The mbụ skates na-ada n'ime obodo ya bụ ya. Ke adianade do, o mepụtara a pụrụ iche na usoro na oge nke kpọgide na skates ozugbo ya akpụkpọ ụkwụ. The ihu ọha mbụ iji atụrụ rink e mepere 1865 na Yusupov Garden (ul. Sadovaya).

Olee otú ọtụtụ oyi egwuregwu na-eme n'ọdịnihu ma ọ bụ na-egosi na Russia, skates emeghị nyefee ha ọnọdụ. The ndị mmadụ, ma nwata ma okenye guzo skates ngwụsị izu ọ bụla. Enweghi ike ịnọ na ice ọbụna na-ewere ihere eziokwu.

Ski track oku!

Nke ahụ bụ ski, ndị mbụ na-aghọta ihe ndị bi na Norway. Ọ bụ nke a na obodo na njedebe nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ malitere na-emepụta osisi siri ike shells maka ụmụ si n'ugwu mkpọda. Kant mere nke metal, nke ana achi achi kacha pụrụ ịdabere igwe skii, akpa ike Austria ná mmalite zitere nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. Na biakwa obibia nke plastic shei imewe a ozokwa nụchara anụcha. Mgbe iji n'elu ihe onwunwe (ọ na-ekpuchi shei ala) na-eme egwuregwu pụrụ ịzụlite nnọọ ukwuu na-agba. The uzo nke iri abụọ na iri abụọ na narị afọ ndị mbụ, akara na-akpọ ihe a tụrụ atụ mgbanwe nke pụtara ntughari ka a ọhụrụ ụdị ski. Ha budata mkpumkpu precursors, mkpịsị ụkwụ na ikiri ụkwụ na-nabatara umu, na okirikiri sidecut - obere.

Winter egwuregwu na-eme egwuregwu na-ahọrọ ókè, họrọ sara mbara nke ukwuu igwe skii maka freeride. Ndị a shells na-haziri maka ski anya-piste akpan kwadebere ka snow-ibe. Secrete ọtụtụ iche iche nke Alpine ski: n'ihi na na mbụ, ibu na ibu-ibu slalom, Ski cross-mba, downhill, maka ntụrụndụ iji atụrụ, efe n'elu ihe mgbagwoju anya, freestyle, skai ugwu na mogul.

Site imewe ski ekewa ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• "Sanwichi". Projectile ụdị n'ígwé nke ụfọdụ ihe. Ha na-ejikọrọ dị ka a Sanwichi. Isi na-emetụta topsheet.
• "Cap". Na nke a na-ewu, elu isiike oyi akwa constructive ala eriri ndị ọzọ.
• "Box". The kasị oge a version. Mid igwe skii echekwara na mbụ fụchie mere nke sịntetik ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ a braided metal. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ngwaahịa bụ ọzọ mụ mgbe cornering, obere chebaara àgwà nke n'elu.

ọgwụgwụ

Anyị ikpe na-enyocha nke nwere oyi egwuregwu, ihe bụ akụkọ banyere ha dị na isi atụmatụ. Na mgbakwunye na n'elu, ọ na-ekwe omume ka igbunye Nordic jikọtara, Mogul, snowkiting, orienteering ski, ice (na a obi ụtọ na na a washer) naturbana curling. Ke adianade do, e nwere oyi egwuregwu gara. N'etiti ha bụ ndị na-esonụ: oyi windsurfing na kaytseling, ice gara. Eto eto nwere mmasị n'etiti Fans nke a ike ndụ bụ oyi igwu mmiri. Na nke a egwuregwu ọbụna asọmpi nke ụwa mkpa.