Gịnị mere na epupụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ? Gịnị mere ha ji nwee mkpa inwe ya?

Osisi - onye nke ise alaeze nke ndu eme ntule na mbara ụwa anyị. Ha bụ ndị nke eukaryotes, ie Nigeria onye mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebu a ntọala.

Ọdịdị nke osisi

Ha nwere ike ịbụ unicellular ma ọ bụ multicellular. Nke ikpeazụ na-ekewa n'ime ngalaba dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na agba aja aja na -acha uhie uhie algae, spore, gymnosperms na angiosperms. algae ahụ nwere ike iso nke a otu cell, na nke ọtụtụ ndị, ma na ha mebere atumatu e nweghị ozu, siri ike ahu - akpọ thallus. Na spore, gymnosperms na angiosperms (okooko osisi) kwuru ọnụnọ nke ọdịiche dị anụ ahụ na akụkụ. Adịbeghị anya kewara vegetative na ịmụ ọmụmụ. Ihe mbụ na-ezo Ụzọ Mgbapụ (na esiwe na epupụta) na mgbọrọgwụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eche, "Gịnị mere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ epupụta," Gịnị mere a na agba? Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ụmụ ajụ ajụjụ sị: "Gịnị bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ epupụta?" Ma isiokwu a anyị ga-amalite na okwu a.

Gịnị mere na epupụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ?

Nke a na agba bụ n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke chlorophyll. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke na ink na-efu na green mpempe akwụkwọ na converted n'ime ọbara ọbara, oroma ma ọ bụ acha odo odo. Gịnị mere i kwesịrị a stof? Ọ bụ nanị dị oké mkpa maka osisi. Enweghị ya ike n'ihu usoro photosynthesis site nke nri na-emepụta. Organic ọgwụ osisi na-na-nwetara naanị site na usoro a. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ umu na-ebi na ala n'ígwé nke ohia mmiri ozuzo, na aghọtaghị ezuru ìhè photosynthesis zuru ezu, ka malitere ichu nta n'ihi na obere ụmụ ahụhụ, na otú compensating maka enweghị organic ogige. Ndị a gụnyere sundew, nwanyị iheukwu na na. D.

Nkenke banyere owuwu nke osisi cell

Ọ mejupụtara nke plasma akpụkpọ ahụ, na cell mgbidi nke cellulose, na cytoplasm, bụ nke nwere organelles na a ntọala na bụ DNA. The cytoplasm nwere ndị dị otú ahụ organelles: na mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole (ochie onu - otu nnukwu, na-eto eto - a ole na ole obere), na Golgi mgbagwoju, na plastids (chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts). Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha rụrụ ya ọrụ. Mitochondria emepụta ike, ribosomes synthesize edozi endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum) site lipid vacuoles akpọkọtara achọghị bekee ka ụzọ ha na mpụga nke siri ike cell mgbidi-agaghị ekwe omume na chloroplasts aga photosynthesis usoro, chromoplasts nwere pigments, leucoplasts echekwara idobere nri ( ihu ọma, nke a starch).

Olee otú photosynthesis?

Usoro a na-rụrụ na chloroplasts, nke na-emi odude ke cytoplasm. Ndị a organelles bụ odnomembrannymi na ha mebere atumatu na-agụnye thylakoids - mkpa efere anakọtara na ihu - tojupụtara. Ọ bụ na ha na-ebu chlorophyll - nke bụ ya mere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ epupụta. Ọzọkwa, chloroplasts nwere ribosomes, aka na Nwa nke na-edozi, starch granule, nakwa dị ka okirikiri DNA molekul, nke ozi a na dere na bekee bụ na-synthesized na cell. Na usoro nke photosynthesis, osisi banye anyanwụ ike, mmiri na carbon dioxide na-enye oxygen dị ka a site-ngwaahịa Jeremaya mere. Enzymes na aka ịrụ chemical interactions bụ kpọmkwem na chloroplast matriks (umi-ejuputa ya).

Gịnị ya mejupụtara epupụta?

Nke a ahụ nwere ike ịchọpụta ọtụtụ ụdị nke osisi anụ ahụ, ha na-anọ na anọ. Nke a epidermis, mesophyll, na-eduzi anụ ahụ (xylem na phloem), na n'ibu anụ ahụ. Photosynthesis-ewe ebe kpomkwem na mesophyll, ma ọ bụ parenchyma. Ị pụrụ ịhụ na mkpụrụ ndụ nke a green akwukwo n'okpuru a mikroskopu. Nke a elu bọl - na epidermis. Sel ndị ya ndokwa anya ka onye ọ bụla ọzọ, ma nke a oyi akwa nwere pores na-ekwe ka amiri carbon dioxide ma hapụ oxygen, na-mezie mmiri na okpomọkụ na itule. Parenchyma (mesophyll) ekewa abụọ n'ígwé - otu n'ime columnar mkpụrụ ndụ, na ndị ọzọ - nke ogbo. Na mbụ nwere a ukwuu nke chloroplasts karịa nke abụọ. Xylem arịa nyere site na nke mmiri mmiri na-ọnọ site na mgbọrọgwụ na epupụta, i.e. elu phloem sitopodobnyh mejupụtara akpa site na nke mmiri na-ebu ala. Mechanical otu anụ ahụ mpempe akwụkwọ enye rigidity ma kwụsie ike, akpan akpan udi.