Granada, Alhambra - ụlọ ụlọ na ogige ntụrụndụ: nkọwa. Ebe nkiri na Spain

Njem - otu n'ime ndị isi ihe ụtọ ná ndụ. Iji hụ ụwa, ha na-ekwu, mkpa gaa 25 isi ebe. Nlegharị njegharị na Spain bụ n'etiti ndị kasị ewu ewu na-eme njem nleta ebe. N'ihi gịnị? N'ihi na e nwere ọtụtụ ịtụnanya mma na akụkọ ihe mere eme uru nke ebe. A ezigbo mkpuru bụ castles nke Spain. Cordoba, Seville, Capdepera, Tabernas - a aha ejikere na-adọta ndị njem nleta. Ma akpa bụ ebe Granada, na Alhambra. Ọ bụghị n'efu akpọ "nke asatọ ịtụnanya n'ụwa" - ọ emee ka anya doo ya n'ịma mma ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ na fantasy creators.

akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ekwu

Granada region bi BC. Mgbe ọdịda nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom nile ya n'ókèala amalite ihe epoch nke iju. Obodo Granada na-akpụ akpụ site na otu mmeri ọzọ, adịkwa ha ọnụ ọgụgụ na ịma mma. Na nke Asatọ na narị afọ, ọ na-egosi Emirate of Córdoba, Granada na na-na saịtị nọgidere na ebe ewusiri ike, nke a na-eji dị ka a ihe e wusiri ike. Ná mmalite nke ida nke Emirate na 1013 weghaara n'ókèala ndị nnọchiteanya nke Algerie Berbers, onye na ebe nke taa obodo na-emepụta ya mmezi Midanat Garnati ( "njem ala nsọ ugwu" na Arabic). Ziri iwughachi mere ihe akụkọ center, ma obodo gbanwere aka ọzọ - na 1090 na ike na usoro ndị eze nke Almoravids. Mgbe ya na-adakpọ n'ókèala weghaara Almohad usoro ndị eze. Ya mere, ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ n'ala a adịkwaghị Muslim omenala. Ná mmalite nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ nke usoro ndị eze na-aga site ọtụtụ agha ọdịda, nke na-eduga ná eziokwu na na 1238 na ókèala were Muhammad Ibn Nasr mbụ, nke na-emepụta Emirate of Granada na isi oche nke Nasrid usoro ndị eze. Site na oge, ndị ezigbo ọma, na-ewu na atụmatụ nke obodo na pụrụ hụrụ taa na Granada.

Na 1492, ndị Emirate dara ndị agha na Spanish Queen Isabella mbụ, a ọhụrụ na peeji nke nke Granada na-amalite site a. Ma oge nke ndị Nasrid ruo mgbe ebighị ebi weghaara na a mara mma nnukwu ụlọ-ebe e wusiri ike nke Alhambra.

obodo ọnọdụ

Granada na-emi odude ke edem usụk Spain, nke ndutịm district nke Andalusia. Ọ bụla njegharị na Spain, jide n'aka na-jidere a nleta na mpaghara a dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị akpali na ihe ọhụrụ. Obodo dị na ụkwụ nke Sierra Nevada Mountains, nke na-enye ndị dị nwayọọ, mma ihu igwe maka ndụ. The okpomọkụ na tụụrụ ala mere na mpaghara a ka mma ka mwakpo. The obodo na nsogbu na atọ ugwu nta, nke kere mma ọnọdụ maka agbachitere, ọ bụghị n'efu ọ bụ ebe a na e nwere mbụ Muslim ebe siri ike na nke Asatọ na narị afọ. City mmiri na-azụ osimiri Darro na mbọhọ Mediterranean Sea na-enye oké ohere maka ahia. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ọma obodo ebe emewo ka ogologo agha na mpaghara, onye ọ bụla ga-achọ ibi ndụ a paradise.

usoro ndị eze Nasrid

Nke ruru ike na 1238 na Nasrid usoro ndị eze na onye nke Muhammad, m ghọrọ otu àgwàetiti nke ọganihu nke nkà na omenala. Muhammad were ókèala Granada na, na-amara na ọ na-apụghị na-ya nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị Christian ọgụ, kwubiri a nkwekorita na Ferdinand III. Nke a nyeere ya ọ bụghị nanị na-ala-ha, ma, ọbụna na ịgbatị ya ókè. Ụmụ Muhammad chịrị n'obodo a ruo mgbe 1492. Ihe karịrị afọ 250 nke Granada bụ center nke muta na nkà. Nasrid dị iche iche elu larịị nke muta na ahuhu n'ihi na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na nkà. Ha a kpọrọ isi obodo nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-ese ihe, egwú na-ede abụ uri nile Europe. Alhambra Obí ghọrọ a ncheta nke a usoro ndị eze, ọ pụtara ndị kasị mma nke Arab art na omenala.

mwube History

Ọtụtụ narị afọ hụrụ Granada. Alhambra n'obí malite iwu na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ. Muhammad m, ka na-enwezi ya obi na Alhambra, na akpa ebe malitere ike Obí. Watch Tower e wuru, mesikwuru site oge ochie mgbidi. Mgbe ahụ, wee Tower ofufe. Huu security, Emir ghọrọ aku ihe rụzuru. Ya mmalite aka iso site nọchiri ya. Mgbe bred m na Mohammed ise na-egosi kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ ụlọ. Mma na kọwakwuru Alkabasa obí eze na-wuru, ike mgbidi, e nwere ndị a ma ama okụre na ọdụm, Comares Tower, ígwè ụzọ ámá. Na 1492, Alhambra merie Catholic agha na ghọrọ a obí eze. Ebe a na-wuru obí Carlos V, chọọchị nke Santa Maria.

Mgbe e mesịrị uba wezugara si Alhambra. The Bourbons obi adịghị ya na-enweghị mmasị na ọbụna ghasara akụkụ nke mgbagwoju. Ha na-ekwu na ha chọrọ ime dum n'ulo eze, ma dabara nke ọma, ọ bụghị ha. Na 1821 bukwanu mmebi e mere site na ala ọma jijiji Alhambra. Na nke abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke XIX narị afọ, ọ kpụrụ a ógbè romantics, ebe a na-arụ ọrụ Byron, Goethe, Chateaubriand. Mgbe ahụ malitere mweghachi nke n'obí nwayọọ nwayọọ guzobere àgwà ndị Alhambra dị ka ihe ncheta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala na ije.

The ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju

Ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi na European ije nke obodo bụ Granada. Alhambra e wuru dị ka Muslim omenala. Taa, a esenowo maka oge mbụ a mgbagwoju echiche nke a jupụtara conglomeration nke ụlọ, ubi na n'ogige ya. Ma n'ezie, n'obí e jiri nlezianya chere si plan. Onye ọ bụla ebe a na-grouped gburugburu na-emeghe okụre. The n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá na ubi e mere iji lebara obere mgbe, maka n'ikuku nke ndị ọbịa, nke e mechiri ụzọ n'ime. Mgbe ahụ, wee kwuo ụlọ oriri na ọmarịcha ụlọ na n'ogige ya. A ogologo Itie nke mere n'ime ụlọ nzukọ ahụ, a na-akpọ La Barca, o jere ozi dị ka a ebe ụtọ anabata okwu. The kasị chie anya na ihe ndị kasị mma akụkụ - nkeonwe ebe. Ebe a guzo ọkara nke Emir na nwanyi akụkụ. The center nke akụkụ a - dara oké ọnụ odum okụre. E nwekwara a iche iche ebe - a ubi na bụ a ezi ọrụ nkà. Na mbụ tụụrụ ime ruo ugbu a mgbagwoju na-adịghị ndụ. Part nke ụlọ e bibiri, akụkụ - ewuli elu gasịrị ụlọ. Ma ọbụna na nke a n'ụdị n'obí amasị ọnụ ọgụgụ na okomoko.

Moresque

Wuru na Oriental style of Granada. Alhambra E wuru ukwuu n'ime Arab. Nnukwu ụlọ bụ ihe nlereanya magburu onwe nke Arab style, bụ nke a mụrụ na a Muslim, Arab ọdịbendị, ma organically etinye obi gị dum na atụmatụ nke Spanish art. Arab ije nwere a iche specificity. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi na àgwà ya n'ebe ụlọ. Arab omenala biri ke desat, ebe a ndụ ntụsara ekwe omume nanị na oases. Ebe a na ndị a oases, na ha gbalịrị ime ka ya niile obí eze, n'ihi ya, e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ a ịhụnanya maka ihe e kere eke nke ubi, nke a pụrụ iche nke mmiri na castles na ogige ntụrụndụ. Arab ije dabeere na adabako Nchikota ọgụgụ dị ka square na cube, ha bụ ntọala na-ewu ụlọ na mma. Mụta ụlọ ọrụ Moors mfe mgbe nile n'ihi na elu ornamental na ojiji nke calligraphy ke imewe nke owuwu. Design n'egosi style nke Moors - a akpukponu inyinya ekara arches, vaulted uko ụlọ, mgbe mgbe converge na center n'ụdị asatọ kapịrị ọnụ kpakpando. Planirovochnaja wuru na a style mgbe niile na-eche nanị n'ogige, na nke e enịm owuwu maka dị iche iche na nzube. Interiors dị iche iche ìhè, eji eri, Mozis, carpets, acha textiles. The Alhambra Arab style ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke nwee ọganihu, mgbagwoju nwere a ọzọ mara na nụchara anụcha udi karịa ndị na-ewu nke gara aga oge.

Nasrid Obí

Arab style nlereanya bụ ihe kasị oké ọnụ ahịa nke mgbagwoju - na Nasrid obí eze. Ndị a gụnyere atọ kwurula nnukwu mgbagwoju: Meshuar - ụlọ maka na-ege ntị na n'ogige nile, Comares Obí - ukara na obibi nke Emir maka oriri, Lion Obí - nkeonwe ulo nke onye na-achị ezinụlọ. Ihe odide kasị ochie akụkụ nke ulo - Meshuar, ụfọdụ ụlọ ndị e wughachiri na Christian ugboro. Otú ọ dị, isi ụlọ nzukọ, mma na taịl nile na ka e si nweta Koran, nọ ya udi. The mgbanwe site Meshuara Comares n'obí chọrọ mma na ọlaedo taịl nile. Mgbe bred m Comares Obí e wuru site ama Golden ụlọ ịwụ. Ọ bụ ya bụ ukara obibi nke ndị ọbịa site a ikpọ Myrtle okụre, mma na Evergreen trellis. Gburugburu yad na-ndokwa keugwu openwork kọlụm na arches. Obí na a elu Comares ogologo nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ ejikọ na-ekele nke La Barca, onye mgbidi na-mma na plaster moldings na taịl nile. Elu nke 45 mita accommodates kasị ulo nke Nnọchiteanya. Ya dara oké ọnụ osisi n'uko na-anọchi anya elu igwe asaa nke Koran na-paradise gbara gburugburu ikpọ frieze n'ụdị stalactites. The kasị dara oké ọnụ akụkụ nke ulo, onwe ebe, malite na nke ama ama odum okụre. Si n'ogige, ị nwere ike nweta n'ime ụlọ nzukọ nke stalactites, onye n'uko na-mma na omenala Arabic ụzọ - pụrụ iche folds. Ọzọkwa, si yad, ị nwere ike tinye Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na nke ndi-eze, Justice, ụmụnna nwanyị abụọ, Biforiev na Abenserrahov. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha bụ ihe atụ nke ndị Arab style nke oge heyday. Ebe i nwere ike ịhụ ihe osise, taịl nile, stucco.

Famous yaadị

Muslim ụlọ obibi wuru gburugburu a n'ogige ya, nke bụ isi center nke ndụ, n'ihi na ha mere ndokwa nke kacha mma. Chọrọ imewe mmewere - a iyi, nke nyere a jụụ na ike a calming ọnọdụ. Mkpa na Alhambra atụle Myrtle yad - na etiti nke na-elekọta mmadụ ndụ nke ulo-na nnukwu ọdọ mmiri dị n'etiti, gbara ya gburugburu myrtle ókè, Lion Yard - obi nke onwe ndụ nke Emir, etiti nke bụ isi iyi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 12 ọdụm na perimeta nke yad na-adọrọ adọrọ na ogidi na carvings. Ọzọ okụre na onye akụkụ nke Emir - Alberca ( "ọdọ mmiri"). Ọ gbara ọcha marble mgbidi na veranda na a akụkụ anọ ọdọ mmiri, kụrụ na greenery, nke na-egosipụta ụlọ. All na mita na-jupụtara na ogidi na arcades na ike a welcome ndo na-enye ima-nma nke ohere. Okomoko risịrị n'ụlọikpe na-egbu: ọ taịl nile, na-atọ n'ilu ọlu ogidi, ịchọ mma na calligraphic e dere. N'obí e bụ Generalife n'Ogige Mmiri, bụ nke dị na etiti nke a akụkụ anọ ọdọ mmiri, gbara ya gburugburu mgbidi na arcades.

Elu na ọnụ ụzọ ámá

Alhambra mgbe niile dịrị, ọ bụghị naanị dị ka a eze, kamakwa dị ka a iji chebe onwe Ọdịdị. Ya mere, mgbidi ya na-mma na a dịgasị iche iche nke elu na-arụ ọrụ patrol ọrụ. All na nnukwu ụlọ ọbọhọ ihe karịrị 15 dị otú ahụ ụlọ ọrụ. The Ụlọ Ngwá Agha Tower - otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie na ebe e wusiri ike, e wuru n'oge ewu Alkabasy. Ya obi ọjọọ ụdị ka na-enye echiche nke ike na ntụkwasị obi. N'agha Tower nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ na-eje ozi dị ka a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ nke ya ọ hụrụ n'anya nwunye nke Emir. Ọgụgụ kasị elu Tower e wuru na njikọ na ọnu-uzọ-ama ma na-echebe Herenalife gardens.

Gates n'ụbọchị ndị Arab na ha dị mkpa, ha na-ekwesịghị ịbụ naanị ike, ma na-na-egosipụta a akpan akpan echiche, ịrụ ihe aesthetic ọrụ. Ihe odide kasị ochie ndụ Wine na-mma na mma kapịrị ọnụ arches na carvings. Iron Gate wuru na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ na bụ a pụrụ ịdabere na nchedo bastion. Odide Etiti-eche nche n'ọnụ ụzọ ubi nke Generalife.

ubi nke Alhambra

East Alhambra Obí bụ ma ama n'ihi na ya n'ubi, ọ na-erughị karịa ụlọ. Emirs chọ ike gburugburu ya Ogige Ubi nke Iden, otú ahụ ka ọdịdị nke ulo elu mgbe ụfọdụ na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị ọzọ ntị karịa ụlọ. Mmiri na osisi na-egwu a dị mkpa ọrụ na expressive ije nke ulo elu. Ntamu mmiri, ísìsì nke okooko osisi na rustle nke epupụta ike ihe ikuku nke zuru udo na. Ugbua na abanye n'obí gardens esenowo abatakwa isi n'ọnụ ụzọ, n'akụkụ ọ bụla na-elezi anya nke oma zubere, chere si ebe a isi-iyi na ponds. Na n'ebe nile a ọtụtụ nke na agba: bushes, flowerbeds, ifuru akụwa - esenowo na-mikpuru na AURA nke a nke ọma na agbazi ka mmụọ nke ụlọ. Onye ọ bụla n'obí gbara gburugburu mpụga ubi ma nwere n'ime ime n'ime nke n'enweghị ikike ntinye kemgbe ole. Na esịtidem rutere na rarest osisi, ihe ndị kasị mara mma okooko osisi. Na mbụ, na mpụga na esịtidem gardens ejedebeghị iche mgbidi, na-emekarị taa therebetween kụrụ bosquets trimmed na-etolite mgbidi.

Dvorets Karla V

Mgbe kpọọ nke Alhambra Christian ọchịchị, ọ na-na-ewu maka n'obí Charles nke ise, ya na nwunye ya Isabella nke Portugal. Taa njegharị na Spain bụchaghị na-agụnye a nleta a owuwu. Against ndabere nke mara na dara oké ọnụ ụlọ ke Arab style n'obí anya dị ka a mba ọzọ ahụ. Ọ bụ na e mere na-Italian style of mannerism, ya techie mgbidi na classic otosịrị iru nke square na a dị iche iche ebe gaara mara mma, ma ebe a anya nke ebe. The ụlọ nwere a n'ogige ya, n'ezigbo na nkume, na ọ gbara abụọ-storey arcades nke ogidi na Ionic n'isi obodo. Taa e nwere a ngosi nka nke Ọma Arts na Museum nke Alhambra.

Generalife

Na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ Alhambra Castle ọzọ mara mma obibi - afọ akpọ Generalife. N'obí mejupụtara a isi ụlọ, nke abụọ ụlọ na a n'ogige mara mma. Isi ụlọ e wuru na a na-ama ụma mfe style na iche sharply na Nasrid obí eze. Ebe a na-ebute ụzọ na okike. The isi n'ogige nke Generalife - n'ogige nke ihe mmiri kanaal tinyere nke kụrụ osisi na mere usoro nke mmiri jets. N'obí mere ihe magburu onwe chọpụtara ikpo okwu, nke Granada doro anya na anya. Na XIX narị afọ n'obí gardens na gbawara n'etiti elu ikpọ mmiri steepụ na ihunanya Mirador na neo-Gothic style. Lower Gardens - bụ ndị na-ewu nke XX narị afọ, e nweghị gara aga ukpụhọde, ma mara mma manicured osisi na a dịgasị iche iche nke okooko osisi ka ebe ahụ dị nnọọ obi ụtọ na-eje ije na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ.

Partal

A iche iche nke ebe Alhambra - ya Partal. Ná mmalite nke XIV narị afọ n'obí ebe a Partal ma ọ bụ osisi fig ( "owuwu ụzọ mbata") e wuru. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na ụlọ e chebere. Today na mpaghara ebe a ị pụrụ ịhụ ụlọ elu Dame ma ọ bụ, ndị ọzọ okwu, na Prince Tower. Ọ na-wuru n'ime ná mgbidi ma ndị mejupụtara a owuwu ụzọ mbata na ise arched ụzọ mbata. Traditional akụkụ anọ ọdọ mmiri, na osisi dị na center. Site n'elu ulo-elu na-enye mara mma echiche nke Alhambra. Ná ngwụsị nke XIX na narị afọ German na-azụ ahịa zụta akụkụ ebe ndịda nke ókèala maka oji onwe-ewu, o nyere ala na Spanish eze, kama ha nwetara ikike mbupụ Germany dara oké ọnụ n'uko nke cedar na poplar na a na eri, nke dị ugbu a na egosipụta na ihe Berlin Museum. The n'ókèala Partalya n'akụkụ ubi, nke na-echekwawo ntọala ụlọ a ma ama.

bara uru

Iji nweta na Alhambra, mkpa ka ị na-elekọta tiketi. ihe bandwit bụ ala, ya mere ha na-achụga ngwa ngwa. Ị nwere ike ịzụta a tour na Spain na Granada site na internet, ma na ị chọrọ ibipụta tiketi na igbe ọrụ nke ulo. Nke a ga-achọ na kaadị, na nke ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ. E nwere iche iche tiketi maka ubi na niile ụlọ, ma e wezụga n'ihi na Nasrid Obí. E nwere - ruo niile ihe. N'ihi Nasrid n'obí na tiketi ga-egosi na oge ahụ kpọmkwem nke nleta, na nleta dịruru naanị 30 nkeji, nke abụọ nwere ike ghara ịga n'ime.