Harmonic oscillator: ụdị na ojiji

Nkà na ụzụ na-enwe ọganihu na-rụrụ site na-amụ ahụ phenomena, nchoputa ke kwantum ubi na ndị ọzọ ubi. N'otu oge echepụta ọhụrụ na ngwaọrụ na ngwa, site na nke ọ bụ omume na-ebu dị iche iche ọmụmụ ma kọwaa phenomena nke microworld. One dị otú ahụ usoro bụ a harmonic oscillator, ụkpụrụ nke edinam mara ebe ọ bụ na ndị nnọchiteanya nke Mmepeanya Oge Ochie.

Na ngwaọrụ na ya na umu

Harmonic Oscillator - a n'ibu usoro na-na-efegharị, nke a kọwara site ihe akụkụ nke linear esi ọnụọgụ na a mgbe nile uru. The mfe ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ngwaọrụ - ibu na mmiri, pendulum Na usoro, ukporo nke molekụla umu na ndị ọzọ.

Dabere nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke ngwaọrụ:

• A mfe harmonic oscillator - ebe a usoro mgbe wepụrụ site na ike ọnọdụ n'okpuru edinam nke agha F, nke nwere ike kwupụtara nke usoro F = -kx, ebe k - spring mgbe nile nke usoro, x - dechapụ. Ebe F bụ naanị akụrụngwa na-emetụta oscillations.
• Linear harmonic oscillator - ebe a ukporo bụ na a ụgbọelu tinyere a ụzọ kwụ ọtọ. Ọzọkwa, a na usoro a na-akpọ a otu akụkụ oscillations-eme n'okpuru ihe nke na-azọrọ-agbanwe ọdịdị.
• Rere ere nlereanya - ebe a na usoro na-emetụtakwa ndị esemokwu ike, nke a na-eduzi megide ije ma na-eme, dị ka ọsọ nke vibrations. Na nke a damping usoro na a ji a oke-enweghị akụkụ na-akpọ Q akpata. Nke a bara uru bụ a onwunwe nke usoro na-ekpebi ndị ruru nke echekwara ike ya ọnwụ na otu oscillation oge.

Ojiji ngwaọrụ

Ngwaọrụ a na-eji dị iche iche ubi tumadi maka ịmụ ọdịdị nke oscillatory usoro. The kwantum harmonic oscillator-eji na-amụ na omume nke na photons ọcha. The results nke nwere ike ga-eji dị iche iche ubi. N'ihi ya, ọmụmụ physics si American Institute chọpụtara na beryllium atọm nsogbu na a pụtara nnukwu anya n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ, nwere ike emekọ na a kwantum larịị. The omume nke ndị a ahụ dị ka ozu (metal bọọlụ) na nnukwu, na-akpụ akpụ na a nwayọọ nwayọọ na-returnable n'ụzọ analogous harmonic oscillator. Beryllium ion, ọ bụ ezie na ahụ nnukwu anya, nke kasị ala ume mgbanwe nkeji (quanta). Nke a chọpụtara na-enye ohere iji na-akwalite IT-teknụzụ, ma na-enye a ọhụrụ ngwọta na mmepụta nke kọmputa na ngwá na ngwá electronic.

The harmonic oscillator na-eji na-eleru egwú. Nke a na usoro a na-akpọ spectroscopic ọmụmụ. Ọ hụrụ na ihe ndị kasị ufọk ufene usoro a mejupụtara nke anọ egwú (q). Na dịkọrọ ndụ ọrụ na-ukwuu n'ime anharmonicity.