"Harrier" - VTOL: àgwà, afọ nke ọrụ

Ground agha fighter-bombu "Harrier" - ụgbọelu, nke na-emepụta na UK. Ọ dị iche magburu onwe àgwà, ekwe omume nke vetikal takeoff na ọdịda na bughi mgbanwe. The mbụ ụgbọ elu na nke a ígwè e mere azụ na iri na iteghete na ọgu sixtieth afọ. N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, ọ na-eji na US ụsụụ ndị agha, Spain, Thailand, United Kingdom. The ụgbọelu bụ mgbe niile a na-mma, nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe.

Series GR-1: nkọwa

N'ezie, "Harrier" - ụgbọelu, nke maka oge mbụ na ụgbọelu akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ike ime ka a vetikal takeoff na ọdịda. The mbụ prototype wee ikuku na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1960. Serial mmepụta malitere na afọ asaa. The mbụ skwodron nke Air Force na Britain, esịnede abụọ na otu unit atụle ụgbọelu e guzobere Na iri na itoolu na iri isii na itoolu afọ.

Isi nzube nke ugbo elu nke usoro isiokwu a - nkwado nke Army. Nke a bụ n'ihi na elu maneuverability na ikike iji rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche ihu igwe na mpaghara. Elu nso, nke a na-edebere ndị unit - si atọ na puku iri na anọ kilomita. Na-ewu ihe na-etinyere si aluminum, titanium na magnesium alloys. Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ òkè nke ụlọ na mmiri mere nke ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara mmiri na elu ike ígwè.

akụrụngwa

Warplane Harrier GR-1 na-onwem na a fuselage na a ụzọ riveted ewu technology njikọ ya. Imi akụkụ-agụnye kokpiiti. Ya n'azụ ókè-agba tinyere sloping onu, nke na-eje ozi ka ndị ejection oche. Power na yiri mmiri dị na Central fuselage ogige. Front abụọ mmanụ ụgbọala tank na-ewekarị, ọ bụla nke accommodates a ọgu isi na iri lita mmanụ ụgbọala.

N'elu isi ogbe nwere ọzọ tank ike na narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ lita. N'etiti nozzles 177 set-liter ike, na n'okpuru decompression akụkụ nke nku - na 785 lita. E nwere a-ekwe omume nke echichi nke ọzọ tankị, ebute ogologo flights enweghị refueling.

atụmatụ

E lee ya anya ụgbọelu bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na ngwaọrụ ejikwara na Air Force United States. The Marine Corps -eji ya dị ka a cover na a nkwonkwo wakpo na-atụ anya zaa. The fighter ke Central ngalaba nke fuselage na-onwem na a imi ọdịda gia. Front mmewere na usoro a ụzọ haịdrọlik cylinders, na-enye a n'aka na iri anọ na ise degrees. The akara unit emi odude ke n'azụ ngalaba nke fuselage.

Dum rotatable ọdụ nku azu na e mere dị ka a ọkọlọtọ kwụ Ọdịdị. Akpụkpọ anụ nwere a ụgbụgbọ mmanụ aṅụ, gbatịrị na ụgbọ elu na nke na-agbazi onye na n'akuku nke iri isii na isii degrees. Ụgbọ elu nku na fuselage nke a na-aga n'ihu ụdị bụ ofu na isii ebe. Ke adianade do, onye ọ bụla nku nwere isi ihe anọ, e maka echichi nke pylons maka ọgụ na ngwá agha ma ọ bụ ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala tankị.

Engine na yiri nkeji

US agha ugboelu fighter n'okpuru aha "Harrier GR-1" na-onwem na a ugboelu tobaim Powertrain apụta Roys Bristol. Ọ na-mmasị na isi ihe anọ na osisi nke etiti nke fuselage. N'usoro nozulu na-rụrụ site a pneumatic moto. Change breeki ma na-na-apụ nzube vector index - bụ ikike ịgbanwe ọnọdụ na ụgbọ elu na na-na-erughị iri itoolu degrees.

Ụgbọ elu ukpụhọde na ohere bụ dị ka ndị a:

• na-arụ ọrụ anọ compressors, aggregating duct na a imi na a na ọdụ òkè;
• atọ nozzles na na-na azụ doo na-achịkwa ma na-tonnage;
• a ụzọ nke iyuzucha mmiri maka ịchịkwa ọwa.

ugboelu firing usoro na-arụ ọrụ n'oge vetikal takeoff na ọdịda na ụgbọelu mode na ala gbapụrụ ọsọ (moto drive mode nozulu iri abụọ degrees ma ọ bụ karịa).

e ji mara

"Harrier" - ọgụ onunu ugbo elu ke akpa usoro nwere ndị na-esonụ parameters:

• Afọ mwube - 1969;
• Ngabiga / nku ebe - 7700/1868 mita;
• ogologo / elu - 13,87, 3,43 mita;
• ibu - ise na ọkara tọn;
• ịmachi takeoff ibu - 11 34 m;
• engine - Pegasus Mk-101 na a nzube nke 8160 kg / s;
• speed egosi (cruising / kacha uru) - 1185/1360 kilomita kwa hour;
• ụgbọ elu ndụ na-enweghị refueling - 3700 km;
• ọgụ okirikiri - otu puku, narị abụọ kilomita;
• na ndi oru ugbo - otu pilot;
• ibu agha (max) - 2270.

Harrier fighter-bombu nkwusioru ise ọnụ, bụ nke dị na ọkọlọtọ ngwá agha. Nke a na-agụnye:

• tridtsatimillimetrovaya egbe "Aden";
• abụọ eduzi agba ịhụ na-9D;
• yiri agba nke "ikuku-ala";
• ụyọkọ bombs, incendiary analogues, 450-kilogram bombs;
• ọzọ mgbọ, kennyeghari na kwuru ngwaọrụ

Ke adianade do, ugbo elu nwere ike n'ụzọ na launchers Type, Nur mgwo agha ụdị ma ọ bụ gbochie ya na ọgụgụ isi usoro.

Harrier GR-3: otu nnyocha

Agha multi-nzube dị iche iche site na nke bu ya ụzọ mma engine. Ya na-ahụ-anya nzube bụ n'ime 9753 n'arọ. The fuselage nọgidere nta agbanweghi agbanwe. Mmanụ ụgbọala oriri niile na klas nke ugbo elu na-ewere ezi nnukwu, nke-ahụkarị nke yiri ngwaọrụ na vetikal takeoff.

The mgbe ngwá nke igwe na-agụnye a reactive usoro refueling na ikuku, a laser rangefinder ụdị frontal sensọ. Site fighter atụmatụ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ:

• na ọrụ - a ụzọ nke iri atọ na millimeter egbe ala "Aden", emi odude n'okpuru fuselage;
• ike wụnye reactive mgbọ "Matra";
• sighting na Mgbakwụnye Ferranti ";
• radio ngwá ọrụ n'ikuku nke dị iche iche mmiri na ebili mmiri.

Na US Marine Corps Mans atụle ụgbọelu na iri na iteghete na ọgu ise na afọ iri asaa. Ke adianade do, a na ngwaọrụ mụtachara Air skwodron UK na Germany. Na usoro mmepụta ụgbọ ala nọrọ banyere iri afọ abụọ.

GR-3 arụmọrụ e ji mara nke ugbo elu

Tụlee kenkwucha oru na afọ nke wakpo fighter:

• Year of n'ịkpa - 1970;
• elu / ogologo - 3 45 / 13.87 m;
• Nku (nso / square) - 7.7 m / 18,68 sq. m;
• iri-apụ ibu na kacha - iri na otu na ọkara tọn;
• ọgụ ibu - 2300/3600 n'arọ;
• n'ime mmanụ ụgbọala (uka) - 2,29 tọn.

Warplane "Harrier GR-3" bụ ike-apụ ihe karịrị otu puku na narị atọ kilomita kwa hour, na bara ụgbọ elu anya 3425 km. The ndi oru ugbo ka mejupụtara otu pilot, ekwe omume nke agha mmeri nke narị ise na iri abụọ kilomita.

Series GR-5

Na iri na iteghete na iri-na-iteghete nke RAF alụso na replenished "Harrier" ise version. Isi ihe dị iche si aga mgbanwe bụ ụba ngwá agha ibu na nso. The ụgbọelu e mere maka nyoputa onyeiro site n'ikuku na kpọmkwem aka n'ala agha. Vetikal takeoff na ọdịda na-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe, dị ka n'ozuzu Ọdịdị nke igwe.

The ngwa bụ a monoplane cantilever ụdị, nke a kwadebere n'ụzọ na nku na elu pụrụ isi chọta, ịnyịnya ígwè na-Chassis odnokilevym ọdụ trimmings. Mgbe na-eke ihe nlereanya a na anyị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eji ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara ihe. Nku, ndị disposable ụdị nwere a thickened na ike na oké egwu ibu profaịlụ. Mụbara wingspan na ya ebe. A ọcha na-aggregated na drooping ailerons na-mehieworonụ ọnọdụ karị nozzles.

bughi mgbanwe

US na British alụso na usoro isiokwu a nwere mma Ọdịdị nke nku, nke enwekwu frontal ikuku na-eguzogide ma na-ebelata ihe kacha ọsọ nke ugbo elu. Otú ọ dị, nke a mwepu na-ahụ ụgwọ atụrụ site na-agbanwe ihe ndị a na-fuselage na ndokwa nke ikuku intakes.

Main elu akụkụ mere nke graphite, epoxy, aluminum alloys. Protection n'okpuru fuselage na ụgbọelu n'ihu windshield bụ titanium isi. N'etiti ọdịda gia arịọnụ ohere maka a pụrụ iche igbe nke bụ gbanwee cross panel, ofu longitudinal ridges. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka a ngosiputa iyuzucha na takeoff. Nke a ngwọta kwere dịkwuo inwego ike site fọrọ nke nta ka ọkara a ton. Kokpiiti Hawker Siddeley Harrier e mere maka otu pilot, ya nwere ntụ oyi, elu-n'ịnyịnya oche na panoramic floodlight.

The mmanụ ụgbọala na moto usoro

A mgbanwe nke tobaim na-onwem na a ugboelu ike unit, nke nwere nhọrọ gbanwere traction vector. The static nzube na a kacha nke 9870 kg / s. Ọrụ chetyrehsekundny chopper engine ọrụ na ikpe nke vetikal ọdịda na dị elu okpomọkụ. The onboard oxygen usoro, ụgbọ elu akara nzukọ a na akara na-aggregated na Compressor arụ ọrụ na abịakọrọ ikuku.

US na British alụso akara "Harrier" nwere mmanụ ụgbọala eruba nke bụ bụghị ọtụtụ dị iche iche si ya ụzọ. Site na-amụba ike nke tankị, na tankị nwere ike chere na puku mmadụ anọ lita ọ bụla. Nakwa na a nlereanya ọ na-enye nche ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala na ikuku na-ekwe omume nke echichi nke ọzọ tankị kwụsịtụrụ ụdị.

The technical n'akụkụ nke ugbo elu GR-5

Agha na a ụzọ ventral egbe "Aden" dvadtsatipyatimillimetrovogo caliber (mgbọ na-agụnye abụọ na narị ebubo). Ndị ọzọ na ogwe aka dị ọtụtụ nkwusioru ihe. The kit pụrụ ịgụnye bombs na agba iche iche.

atụmatụ:

• Nyere - iri na iteghete na iri asatọ na asaa;
• kwa nku - nso (9.25 m) / ebe (21.37 sq.);
• ogologo / elu - 14.1 / 3.5 m;
• ọgụ ibu karịa - anọ tọn;
• arọ nke efu ugbo elu - 6,25 tọn;
• ọgụ okirikiri - na narị ise mita;
• ịgba ọsọ - 1150 kilomita kwa hour;
• nso nke bara uru - 3825 km.

Ịzu ugbo elu nke a ika nwere yiri àgwà, ma e wezụga n'ihi full ọgụ gaa.

Mgbanwe nke GR-7

"Harrier-2" n'okpuru akara GR-7 bụ ihe kasị nkịtị nlereanya, nke bụ akụkụ nke njikere agha nke Great Britain. The igwe na-arụpụtara ọnụ British na American ụlọ ọrụ.

Nka na ụzụ afọ nke ugbo elu:

• ogologo / elu - 14.53 / 3.55 m;
• Ngabiga / nku Area - 9,25 m / 21,37 sq. m;
• engines - apụta-Royce-Pegasus Mk-105;
• kacha ibu na takeoff - iri na ọkara tọn;
• bara ije - 15 kilomita na a nkeji iri na ise;
• The ọrụ - a pilot;
• ọgụ nso - 2,7 km;
• ọkọnọ nke manu - fọrọ nke nta itoolu puku lita.

Ke adianade do, ugbo elu nwere a ụzọ "Aden" burugodị na egbe, itoolu hardpoints n'ihi ọzọ mgbọ na launchers maka eduzi agba.

"Harrier GR-9"

Nke a mgbanwe natara abụọ isi iche iche si ya ụzọ. Enwekwukwa usoro ihe omume nke mgbagwoju na ngwá agha, nke e mere iji a dịgasị iche iche nke elu-nkenke ngwá agha dị iche iche caliber. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a dị ike engine nke otu apụta-Royce n'okpuru Mk-107 number.

"Harrier" - ụgbọelu, nke ikpeazụ mgbanwe e wuru na ọhụrụ na ngwá agha na usoro na nchebe nke na-azara ọnụ, na-onwem na nnọọ ihe ọmụma dashboard na usoro na mkpachi nke ọdịda ebe aka ná ntị. The mbụ ụgbọ elu na ngwa na ajụjụ e rụrụ na puku abụọ na afọ mbụ. E nwere abụọ development igwe onwem na bụghị ndị dị otú ahụ a dị ike engine na IWP usoro.

Njirimara GR-9

Nke a ugbo elu nwere ndị na-esonụ parameters:

• ogologo / elu - 14.3 / 5.5 m;
• wingspan - itoolu mita;
• nku ebe - iri abụọ na otu square mita;
• fighter arọ (max) - iri na anọ na tọn;
• traction - 10,75 m;
• ịgba ọsọ na kacha elu - 1.198 km / h;
• ọgụ nso - abụọ na puku abụọ na narị asaa kilomita.

The ụgbọelu nwere a ọkọlọtọ n'ihi na nke a na klas nke ngwá agha na bombs na ngwa anya nduzi na ọgụgụ isi okụre dị ka Pu Nur.

Ná mmechi

"The kacha mma agha ugbo elu ụwa" wakpo fighter "Harrier" n'ụzọ ziri ezi bụ nke na udi. Ọ nwere a vetikal takeoff na ọdịda, nwere a nnukwu oke ụgbọ elu na nwere magburu onwe ọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị tụnyere ya na anụ ụlọ analogue nke "Yak-38". Ọ nwere ike na-ahụ kwuru na British Ẹkot elu-ama ọtụtụ n'ihe. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle nke mbụ usoro nke ígwè ọrụ, na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke "Yak" ntachi obi na kraiptographi. Mma version nke British ugbo elu nwere fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị mpi n'etiti ahaghị na ụdị nke ugbo elu.

Na ihu ọma nke na-atụle ugbo elu n'ihu na-egosi mmasị na ya kacha elu ikuku agha ná mba ndị dị ka Germany, na United Alaeze na United States. Egosipụta, pụrụ ịdabere, ezi ọrụ na elu na-agba - ekpebi ịga nke ọma ihe fighter "Harrier".