Historical na omenala usoro na periodization Russian akwụkwọ. The periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke 19-20 narị afọ: nke table

Russian akwụkwọ bụ oké akpan owo nke dum Russian ndị mmadụ. Enweghị ya, malite na narị afọ nke 19, ọ bụ echetụ n'echiche ụwa omenala. Historical na omenala usoro na periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nwere onwe ha uche na kpọmkwem e ji mara. Malite ihe karịrị otu puku afọ gara aga, ọ na-aga n'ihu ka ha webata na onu na etiti oge nke ụbọchị. Na ọ ga-abụ isiokwu nke isiokwu a nkọwa. Anyị ga-aza ajụjụ banyere ihe ndị periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ (RL).

ozi izugbe

Na mmalite nke akụkọ anyị chịkọtara na ọnọde periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ. The table bụ kọmpat na o doro anya na-egosi na isi nkebi nke ya mmepe, na-egosi na mmepe nke omenala usoro na Russia. Ọzọ, tụlee ihe ọmụma zuru ezu.

The periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ bụ dị ka ndị:

Oge n'ime substeps	edemede ekwekọghị	Bright na-ede uri na ndị dere
Doliteraturny oge
Ruo mgbe narị afọ nke 11 BC. e.	Akụkọ na-emeghị, epics	chepụtara efu
Oge nke chọọchị-akwụkwọ okpukpe
11-17 nke narị afọ	The mepụtara nke ide The mejupụtara odide School Historical ndia. "The Lay Mgbasa Ozi "	Mọnk Kyrylo na Methodius Mọnk na Antony Feodosy (Pecherska laurel) mọnk Nestor
Enlightenment oge
narị afọ nke 18	Mmepe nke uri na nchepụta uri Formation nke Russian ejije Civic oru ndi	Lomonosov Trediakovskii, Cantemir Fonvizin Radishchev
Arịọ. Narị afọ nke 19 - 90th. Narị afọ nke 19. Golden Age of Russian akwụkwọ
Trehstilevoe edemede ọrụ (ruo 20-ies. 19 nke narị afọ)	sentimentalism classicism romanticism	Karamzin Derzhavin Ryleev
Pushkin ogbo (20-30-ies. 19 nke narị afọ) Mgbe ọnwụ nke Pushkin, Lermontov na Gogol iso	New style - Russian nsiridi	Russian asụsụ a na-emegharị ka n'afọ iri na ụma nke ya uri Nchụàjà "Eugene Onegin", "Belkin" "Dike nke Oge Anyị", "Dead Mkpụrụ Obi"
Oge nke Russian ochie nke 40s. narị afọ nke 19	Development nke ẹdude ekwekọghị Ọ na-aghọ a isi Russian nsiridi	Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Chekhov, Tiutchev, Fet, Ostrovsky, Turgenev, Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin
Literature nke narị afọ nke 20 (90s nke narị afọ nke 19 - 90 afọ nke narị afọ nke 20)
Silver afọ (afọ 90 nke narị afọ nke 19 - 1921)	ikwommiri uri	Gumilev, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Esenin
Oge nke abụọ Russian akwụkwọ: ndị Soviet na emigre. 1921 (edemede magazin ghọrọ propartiynymi) - 1953 (Stalin ọnwụ)	Amanye inye ọnọdụ nke na-achị socialist nsiridi style na akwụkwọ	The mbụ akwụkwọ nke socialist nsiridi - "Nne" Gorky
Short oge nke igbaze, superseded site ọnọdụ na-achọghị	Mgbalị na-ede uri na ndị dere ike ụdị dị iche iche nke socialist nsiridi Ịchekwa achị ndị socialist nsiridi	Ede uri Yevtushenko, Ahmadullina, Christmas, Ascension, Galich Dere: Pasternak, Rybakov, Solzhenitsyn Astafjevs, SHukshin
New Russian Literature
Afọ 90 nke narị afọ nke 20 - taa	Ịzụlite ekwekọghị: romanticism (n'ụdị nke fantasy, thriller, egwu), nsiridi (ịde blọgụ, oru ndi, oge a mata), postmodern (kasị oge a akwụkwọ akụkọ)	Pelevin, Ulitskaja, Akunin, Lukyanenko, ndị ọzọ

The nzube nke isiokwu a - a nkenke nkọwa nke nkebi nke ọrịa cancer akpa ume, ẹwụtde ke okpokoro.

Russian akwụkwọ n'oge ochie

• Doliteraturny ogbo, ọ e ji enweghị dere asụsụ na guzobe ntụgharị ọnụ The Epic (epics na akụkọ na-emeghị, ebute site ná ọnụ site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ). Ọ biri oge nke mepụtara nke ide na Old Russian akụkụ nke doo nke Christianity (10th century BC. E.).
• Old Russian akwụkwọ (11-17 nke narị afọ). Isi Genres bu ihe emere n'ubọchi, nakwa dị ka okpukpe dị nsọ akụkụ.

Gụọ ihe banyere oge ochie akwụkwọ. ala creativity

Ihe e kere eke nke Old Russian akwụkwọ (DRL) dị ka a omenala onu nyeere abụọ ihe: mepụtara nke ide na translation of Christian okpukpe odide (DRL nwere na mbụ nditịm mejupụtara agwa). Ndị ọzọ okwu, periodization Russian akwụkwọ nwere usoro iheomume ya amalite.

Writing e guzobere drevnegecheskimi mọnk - ụmụnna Cyril na Methodius, na arịrịọ nke Moravian (region nke ugbu a Czech Republic) Prince Rostislav na ngọzi nke narị afọ nke asaa Pope Adrian II na njedebe nke IX narị afọ. Fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge ahụ a asụsụ ọhụrụ, a sụgharịala Abụ Ọma, na Gospel. Site nkwurịta okwu ebe obibi na njedebe nke IX narị afọ odide nke penetrated n'ime ókèala oge ochie Russia, bụ ebe ndị mbụ so dee na-mọnk: Nestor, Hilarion, Polycarp, na Simon, Cyril Turovsky, Avvakum na ndị ọzọ. Periodization nke oge ochie Russian akwụkwọ nwere ike kere n'ime ise nkebi:

1. N'oge e kere eke nke ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ndị mejupụtara Orthodox DRL na Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra mọnk Anthony na Theodosius. Ede mọnk Nestor na XII narị afọ "Akụkọ nke gara Years".
2. Ebe obibi ndị mọnk (obodo Vladimir-Zaleski, Suzdal, Smolensk na ndị ọzọ.) Ndi ọhụrụ DRL emmepe. Budata mmepe nke edemede usoro.
3. Periodization nke oge ochie Russian akwụkwọ nwere oge a-eme ihe ike nje nke ọha mmadụ: ogbo nke Tatar-Mongol yoke. Ke akpa ọkara nke narị afọ bụ "Life of Alexander Nevsky", "Akụkọ nke mbibi nke ndị na Russian ala ahụ." Na nke abụọ ogbo, agwụcha agha Kulikovo na 1380, ihe emere n'ubọchi nweta ndị dike laudatory agwa.
4. DRL oge nke na-adakpọ, nke dịruru ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke XVI narị afọ. Nagu mmachi ebe obibi ma ọ bụghị ọtụtụ eru ama mberede, ndị otu a zụrụ ndị mọnk.
5. The ikpeazụ ogbo nke DRL fọrọ mgbanwe site akwụkwọ mejupụtara akwụkwọ edemede. Ya harakteizuet ntoputa nke ọhụrụ Genres: akụkọ ihe mere eme, autobiographical akụkọ, uri. The isiokwu nke DRL nke nta nke nta na-anụ ụlọ nọ nke mmadụ ọrụ, ihe gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na onye ụkpụrụ. The oge nke mgbanwe nke Peter m, na-emetụta edemede usoro.

Olee ụdị oké ọnụ ahịa edemede ọrụ ji XRD na ogbo periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ? The table n'okpuru na-egosi ndị a ikwọ systemically.

Literature nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu

The na mmetụta dị mma nke ala na edemede usoro na-egosi ihe mere eme nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. I nwere ike na-arụ ụka na ndị dere si n'ebe na-elekọta. Otú ọ dị, e nwere a obodo ọha na mba. E nwere otu pluralism nke echiche. Mgbe ọkachamara kpụrụ ghọọ mba kwụụrụ tọhapụ ndị mere akwụkwọ:

• Russian Enlightenment oge. Ọ bụ a fundamentally mkpa, chronologically ekpuchi narị afọ nke 18. Na akwụkwọ, isi niche ogide ochie, tọkwara ntọala maka ya n'ihu mmepe.
• Sverhproduktivny pụrụ iche "ọlaedo ogbo", nke ga-zuo ezu periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ na narị afọ nke 19. O mechara na zuru olu kwuru onwe ya, ifịk ifịk akpali ụwa akwụkwọ. The ọrụ nke Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov ghọrọ mmasị ochie na mba ọzọ na-agụ akwụkwọ.

XVIII narị afọ na periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ

Ogbo Russian Enlightenment chronologically mekọrịtara na European mmepeanya, ụda jụrụ France.

First Russian Emperor Peter m na Catherine II systemically implements European akwụkwọ e. Future dere wee malite ịnata a mahadum. Iwu nke Peter m meghere Ọmụmụ University na Academy nke Arts, ụkpụrụ Catherine II - na Moscow State University.

Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-ede uri na onye dere Lomonosov, na-ede uri Vasily Trediakovskii, asụsụ na onye dere Dmitry Kantemir malitere n'oge Russian nkụzi. Russian silabotonicheskaya versification usoro e mepụtara. A na narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ kwuru onwe ya na ịma mma na charisma nke Pushkin na Lermontov. Otú ọ dị, anyị ga-ekwu banyere ha mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe anyị ga-atụle periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19.

Na nkera nke abụọ nke XVIII narị afọ. Russian edemede na ọnọdụ nke usoro kpebisiri ike site mbụ ede egwuregwu Denis Fonvizin (ọ bụ ike ileda mmetụta nke ya "Nedorosl" na guzobere ama) na mbụ dere - emegide nke ọchịchị, nke nwere ike na-akpọ akọ na uche nke ndị mmadụ - Alexander Radishchev.

Ọbụna abami Catherine II na-aghọta na ọgụgụ nke onye edemede na ọkà ihe ọmụma, gosiri ya otú ikpu mgbu isi nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, nke a ga-gbanwee. Ọ mere ka ndi-isi-apologist maka serfdom, akpọ Alexander II maka ya echiche "Journey si St. Petersburg na Moscow", "pohlesche nnupụisi Pugachev".

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ndị na-achị na-adịghị anụ olu Cassandra, sounding na ọrụ nile nke ochie!

Russian Enlightenment nyeworo a ezi ntọala maka n'ihu na-ahụ-anya e kere eke. Mpako maka n'ala nna, agbaji Napoleon,-emeri nke Europe, ga-mbo mbuli uru ọgụgụ isi breakthroughs.

Background na ọmụmụ nke Russian nsiridi nke XIX narị afọ.

The periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19 na-egosi usoro nke ịghọ a ọhụrụ classic nke ụwa akwụkwọ. Otú ike bụ na ọ na-ede na nkenke banyere akwụkwọ nke a na narị afọ!

The mbụ iri afọ abụọ nke ọlaedo na narị afọ Russian akwụkwọ bụ mmekọrịta na mpi nke ụdị dị iche iche.

Ke ẹbọ nke mmetụta uche na-arụ ọrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye dere Nikolai Karamzin. Classicist ede uri Gavriil Derzhavin kere a ebube ode (eg, "Felitsa" - na nsọpụrụ nke Catherine II), ghọrọ titular alaeze ukwu ọrụ.

Classicism na progosudastvennaya ọnọdụ e ji mara ndị na-ede uri Vasiliya Zhukovskogo, edemede nke mbụ Russian mba ukwe ( "Russian Ekpere").

Gburu Decembrists na-ede uri Kondraty Ryleev dere na style nke obodo romanticism.

Agba nke abụọ, nke bụ ọ dị mma periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19, nwere ike na-akpọ Pushkin. N'ezie, tudno overestimate onyinye na Russian asụsụ na Russian uri Rhymes wizard Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Ya okwu banyere onwe gị, ike a "ọrụ ebube ncheta", gosiri na ya amụma.

Creative amamihe bụ vasatail. The na-ede uri malitere ekewetde na Ihunanya style (na uri "ndị Gypsy", "isi-iyi nke Bakhchisarai"). Mgbe ahụ, mgbe nsogbu Decembrists, na ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ dị ike bịara doo anya akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro na ụmụ amaala pụta ụwa classicism (ọdachi "Boris Godunov" uri "Poltava").

Mgbe Alexander na-abịa si na ya na-arụ ọrụ ka a dum ọhụrụ style - Russian nsiridi. Ya akwụkwọ na amaokwu "Eugene Onegin" na a collection of prose "Belkin" full eziokwu banyere na-elekọta mmadụ ọnọdụ nke ndị ahụ, ndụ pụrụ ịdabere.

Agba nke atọ nke ọla-edo nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19

Pushkin bụ ebua ke udo ire ọkụ. Ọ yiri a yinye mmeghachi omume. N'ọdịnihu, Russian nsiridi nke Pushkin e na-emepe emepe abụọ ochie: Lermontov na Gogol, ma onye ọ bụla na ya onwe ya. Lermontov delves n'ime àgwà nke protagonist, a nwoke emekpa site emegiderịta, esemokwu na-abụghị ụwa na ghara ịchọta ojiji nke ya ike ndụ. Gogol bụ "ịdị obosara", na-agbalị chee a zuru ụwa ọnụ na foto nke Russian ndụ.

N'ihi ya, na-ama na ya atọ ogbo, ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na ụwa na-enwetụbeghị ụdị creativity periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19. Isiokwu nke Russian ochie, bụ ndị rụrụ ọrụ na oge site na 1840 ruo 1990, e nwere ụwa ma ama aha.

Fyodor Tyutchev Afanasiy Fet Ivan Goncharov Alexander Ostrovsky Ivan Turgenev Fyodor Dostoevsky Leo Tolstoy Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin Nikolai Nekrasov Anton Chekhov

1803-1873 1820-1892 1812-1891 1823-1886 1818-1883 1821-1881 1828-1910 1826-1889 1821-1877 1860-1904

All ndị a na-enye ìhè nke Russian akwụkwọ ghọtara otú dị oké ọnụ ahịa ihe nketa ha natara ka ha si ha ụzọ. Na ha na-enwe ike iji ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi. -Ekweta na ọ na-mma na-adọrọ mmasị aha na-adịghị echefu echefu na ugbu a ụwa ochie, periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 19. Nke a na tebụl, anyị na-arịba anyị artificially ejedebeghị n'elu iri kasị amamiihe mmadụ bụ ndị creators dum okike ntụziaka.

XX narị afọ. periodization akwụkwọ

Silver Age of Russian akwụkwọ a na-akpọ a mkpirikpi: site 1892 na 1921. Ọ e ji a siri ike na mgbake uri, Rhymes ugbu ìgwè kpakpando nke ndị nka. Na-ekpe ikpe maka onwe gị: Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Nikolay Gumilev, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Sergey Esenin. Na anana-ya? Revolutinary utopian romanticism, bụ onye na-arịa ọrịa na-na okike J.Randall nke Russian ọha mmadụ?

Soviet oge nke Russian akwụkwọ e ji see pụta mgbe 1921 iwu canonically "Soviet" socialist nsiridi na onye nka onye na okowụt ọrụ ha na-aga karịrị. N'ụzọ ụfọdụ, ọ na-ahụ kweere na periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke XX narị afọ, kwuru, sị naanị systemic ojuju nke eluigwe na ala Tụziere ideological clichés.

Ọ dị mwute na edemede na-akatọ ndị na-asị ka echiche a, gosipụtara nke bụ eziokwu bụ naanị na nwa na-acha ọcha. N'ihi ya, ọ n'ezie?

Adomokoro nke akwụkwọ na aka ike

Ee, a dum uka nke Soviet akwụkwọ rụrụ. Ee, nke a na-arụ ọrụ anyị na-ogide a unit. Otú ọ dị, akwụkwọ bụ ka na-adịghị gụnyere na nsogbu. Zombiruyut mmetụta nke Kọmunist emeghị ihe Boris Pasternak, na-aga megide eruba na-ede asụsụ nke "steaming akọ na uche," eziokwu nke ọgbọ ya, na-aghọ onye a jụrụ ajụ na n'ala nna ya. Otú ahụ ka na-anwụ anwụ Mikhail Bulgakov, mgbe n'agbanyeghị ihe niile ọ na-adịghị bipụtara uche Stalin, dere, sị "Master na Margarita" na table.

Ma mgbe ụfọdụ ndị pen nke na-ede akwụkwọ n'amaghị ihe kpatara na ike mere ịhụnanya nke ya na obodo ya, ekwela ka nke ịgha ụgha ma ọ bụ makpurukwa. Ya mere otu ụbọchị mere Kọmunist Mihailom Sholohovym, mgbe o dere "jụụ aga ndị Don". N'agbanyeghị ọgụ na "ike na-atụ aro", o agbanwebeghị n'okpuru Soviet ọkọlọtọ image Gregory Melehova. Ọtụtụ mgbe dere Strugatsky ụmụnna nọ na tebụl, onye ọrụ na-ama a ọjọọ socialist nsiridi ihe ọ bụla.

Otú ọ dị, e kwesịrị ịghọta na periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ, dabere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gosipụtara site na njikọ aka nke ya ndị mmadụ na-atụgharị ambiguous e ji mara oge a.

New Russian Literature

New Russian akwụkwọ a mụrụ na 1991, mgbe ida nke USSR. Anyị jụrụ ya na-amalite ikpughe ọrụ, otu nke bụ "Gulag Archipelago" Aleksandra Solzhenitsyna ma na-egbo n'ụlọ ọrụ nke emigrants: Vladimir Nabokov, Ivan Shmelev, Andrei Bely, Konstantin Balmont.

Mgbe ahụ, na oge nke perestroika, a ọhụrụ ife nke ndị so dee na oru na Russian akwụkwọ: Victor Pelevin, Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Boris Akunin, Sergei Lukyanenko. Ndị a novelists e ji mara ndị compositional nkà nke ochie, a pụrụ iche nka ọhụụ nke nsogbu nke taa, nkà na-ewu nke ibé, a na-adọrọ mmasị akụkọ.

O doro anya na, na steeti development ọ bụ mgbe niile akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala usoro, na periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ. Ònye maara, ma eleghị anya ugbu a anyị bụ ndị na mmalite nke oge, mgbe Russian akwụkwọ ọzọ na-abanye a ọhụrụ àgwà. Otu ihe doro anya: ọhụrụ na-eru nso ya, nakwa dị ka ọhụrụ tolite, obi abụọ adịghị, ka na-abịa.

XX narị afọ - a nsogbu nke Russian akwụkwọ

The periodization nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 20 na-agụnye atọ n'ụzọ:

1. Silver Age - a obere oge na nke narị afọ.
2. 20 nke - n'etiti 50s nke narị afọ nke 20.
3. Nkera nke abụọ nke 50s - 90s nke narị afọ nke 20.

The Silver Age malitere na 90s nke narị afọ nke 19. Creativity ede abụ uri onye ewu na oge a, jupụta na ihu nke a revolutionary nsogbu. Full nke melancholy poems site Alexander Blok, Nikolaya Gumileva, Mariny Tsvetaevoy, Anny Ahmatovoy. Master nke nkà okwu sentimental na nụchara anụcha dị ka n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ okooko osisi, a ujo ihe nwere ike ime nke na-eru nso ntu oyi ...

Ebe ọ bụ na 1917, na uto nke klas mgba na ọha mmadụ na-amalite ntughari ka ọzọ ogbo nke Russian akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Dị ka a echiche nke usoro a ga-hụrụ kanyere edoghi Vladimira Mayakovskogo, onye na-akụda mmụọ ịkọ "awa ikpeazụ", "Bourget."

Na 1921, ndị mbụ na-adọ biri. Russian akwụkwọ na-kewara abụọ n'akụkụ: onye edemede dịrị ndụ Soviet Russia, na kwaga ọrụ ibe. Mbụ anyị gbalịrị ochie ụwa "bibiri n'ala", nke abụọ - iji chebe omenala. nkewa n'oge ahụ bụ n'akwụkwọ nke ndị edemede na magazin propartiynyh "Bipute na mgbanwe" na "Red Virgin Ala."

Na 1932, magazin ndị a ji obi ụtọ na e kwuru na nguzobe nke a ọhụrụ style nka nke socialist nsiridi. Emigre dere ibido efopụ echiche nke party ọrụ, mbụ rụrụ na nchụàjà Gorky "Mama".

N'etiti Ya mere, nke abụọ oge ekenyela Voloshin, N. Kluev, V. Khodasevich Rubtsov, N. Z. Otu n'ime ihe ndị so dee - E. Zamyatin, Prishvin, Bebel, A. Green.

Ọnwụ nke I. V. Stalina (1953) n'egosi a qualitatively ọhụrụ ogbo na akwụkwọ. Ebelatawo party diktat. Dere na-enwe olileanya maka okike nnwere onwe. Kama, General Secretary Khrushchev ọkwa mkpagbu nke Boris Pasternak maka ya nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago" Nobel Laureate. Iga njem site na Soviet-ede uri, ndị so dee (dị ka Iosif Brodsky). Works-eme ihe n'eziokwu na-agụ akwụkwọ site "samizdat".

Otú ọ dị, na afọ 60 akara "igbaze" eto eto na-ede uri: obi Yevgeny Yevtushenko, in-a me Bella Akhmadulina, ewekarị innovate Andrei Voznesensky, pathetic Civic-Robert Rozhdestvensky.

Ọzọkwa, e nwere a miri emi, ebinyeghị akụkụ ọ bụla prose na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, ha mmeghari nke mkpụrụ obi, na-ata ahụhụ site na ndị dị otú ahụ so dee Vasily Shukshin, Yuri Kazakov, Valentin Rasputin. Alexander Solzhenitsyn na Anatoly Rybakov ede The Epic akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere egwu oge nke àgwà òtù nzuzo. The dramaturgy nke play pụtara, bata n'ezi n'ime ụwa nke onye (eg, "Duck Hunt" na "ọkpara" nke na-ede Alexander Vampilov).

ọgwụgwụ

Russian akwụkwọ bụ n'ezie ike nwuo "mmetụta dị mma." Ya nwere bụ enweghi ike miri emi. Si anyanwụ musical nkeji okwu Pushkin na Balmont na miri ọgụgụ isi na ajụ nnọchiteanya nke anyị Virtual Pelevin narị afọ. Ndị hụrụ sentimental uri dị ka creativity Akhmatova. Ọ nwere a amamihe pụta ụwa Tolstoy na Dostoyevsky filigree akparamaagwa, nke Freud onwe ya wee yipụ ya okpu. Ọbụna n'etiti dere prose dere izute ndị style of nkà okwu yiri uri. Ọ Turgenev na Gogol. Fans nke aghụghọ ọchị ga-achọpụta Ilf na Petrov. Onye nụrụ ụtọ na adrenaline si achị ndị omempụ ga-emeghe akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Frederick Neznanskiĭ. Fantasy hụrụ gaghị eme ka ihere site akwụkwọ Vadim Panov.

Na Russian akwụkwọ, onye ọ bụla na-agụ nwere ike ịhụ ihe ga-emetụ mkpụrụ obi ya. Good akwụkwọ, dị ka enyi ma ọ bụ ndị njem ibe. Ha na-ike ịkasi, nye ndụmọdụ, ẹnyene, support.