Hydrobromic acid. Ụzọ nke nkwadebe, anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara

Hydrobromic acid (na-akpọ hydrogen bromide) - bụ ihe inorganic compound nke hydrogen (H) na bromine (br). Ọ bụ a colorless gas, nke Nleta a oké foogu na ooh ikuku.

Gịnị bụ ụzọ nke inweta hydrogen bromide

N'ihi na elu ogo oxidizability bromovodoronoy acid, mmetụta ya na-apụghị nwetara site nke ndọpụ igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na alkali metal bromides. Ndị na-esonụ omume na-adị:

2KBr (potassium bromide) + 2N2SO4 (na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid) = K2SO4 (potassium sulfate) + SO2 (sọlfọ oxide) + Br2 (bromine molekul) + 2H2O (mmiri)

1. ụlọ ọrụ inweta asịd ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka hydrobromic, rụrụ site na a mmeghachi omume nke na-constituent ọcha na-eme. Ka ihe atụ, anyị na-atụle isi ihe a pụrụ inweta dị ka ndị a:

H2 (hydrogen molekul) + Br2 (bromine molekul) = 2HBr (hydrobromic acid)

Nke a na mmeghachi omume bụ apụtakarị na okpomọkụ nke 200 na 400 degrees.

2. Ọ na-ekwe omume iji nweta a hydrobromic acid na vitro na na ọtụtụ ụzọ.

- by hydrolysis pentabromide ma ọ bụ site tribromide:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (atọ mmiri ụmụ irighiri) = H3PO3 (phosphoric acid) + 3HBr (hydrobromic acid, chemical usoro)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (anọ mmiri ụmụ irighiri) = H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) + 5HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- by Mbelata bromine:

3Br2 (atọ ụmụ irighiri bromine) + S (sọlfọ) + 4H2O (mmiri) = (mmeghachi omume bụ na o kwere omume na a okpomọkụ nke 100-150 degrees) H2SO4 (na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid) + 6HBr (hydrogen bromide)
3Br2 (atọ ụmụ irighiri bromine) + KNO2 (potassium nitrite) + 4H2O (mmiri) = KNO3 (potassium nitrate) + 2HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- displacing pụtara na itughari acid si alkali metal bromides:

KBr (potassium bromide) + H2SO4 (na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HBr (tọhapụrụ ka gas)

3. Dị ka a site-ngwaahịa hydrogen bromide pụrụ inweta na njikọ nke organic ogige bromoproizvodnyh.

The nkịtị Njirimara nke hydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic acid - a gas enweghị agba na-enwe onye wetara na pungent isi. Ike na-ese siga na ikuku. Ọ nwere nnukwu iguzogide okpomọkụ.

2. Ọfọn etisasịwo ke H2O (mmiri), na ethanol-etolite na electrolyte. The okenye HBr ngwọta Nleta ihe azeotrope na Juda na okpomọkụ nke 124 degrees. Na otu liter nke mmiri dissolves dị ọkara a liter nke hydrogen bromide (na 0 degrees).

3. The usoro nke jụrụ otu okenye ihe ngwọta nke hydrogen bromide crystalline hydrates nwere ike kwadebere dị ka ndị a: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. Clean bromide forms kristal nke orthorhombic crystal usoro, ohere otu F mmm.

5. Mgbe a okpomọkụ nke -66,8 degrees na-aghọ mmiri mmiri, na na - 87 degrees solidifies.

Chemical Njirimara nke hydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic acid forms site omume na mmiri ike acid bụ monobasic. Nke a na mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

HBr + H2O (mmiri) = Br- (bromine anion) + H3O + (hydronium ion)

2. Nke a ihe onwunwe bụ eguzogide okpomọkụ Otú ọ dị, na 1000 degrees banyere 0,5% nke niile ụmụ irighiri na-akadiahade:

2HBr (hydrobromic acid) = H2 (hydrogen molekul) + Br2 (bromine molekul)

3. Weere kọntaktị na chemical compound mkpatụ na a dịgasị iche iche nke ọla ka ha ndọkwasi nile na oxides. Ihe Nlereanya nke Jeremaya mere:

2HBr + mg (magnesium) = MgBr2 (magnesium bromide) + H2 (tọhapụrụ ka gas)
2HBr + CaO (calcium oxide) = CaBr2 (calcium bromide) + H2O (mmiri)
HBr + NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = NaBr (sodium bromide) + H2O (mmiri)

4. bromide bụkwa a mbenata n'ụlọnga. Ọ na-oxidized ikuku nwayọọ nwayọọ. N'ihi nke a, ya okenye agbanwe agbanwe mgbe a mgbe na-ese na agba aja aja. The mmeghachi omume ga-ndị dị otú ahụ:

4HBr (hydrobromic acid) + O2 (oxygen molekul) = 2Br2 (bromine molekul) + 2H2O (mmiri)

ngwa

Bromide na-eji ike a (njikọ) nke dị iche iche organic bromine nkwekọrịta na maka nkwadebe nke dị iche iche na metal bromides. Of otu dị mkpa bụ silver bromide e ji na mmepụta nke film foto ihe.

Olee otú njem

The cylinders 68, ma ọ bụ capacitance nke 6.8 lita nrụgide nke 24 atmospheres.