Ịkọwapụta nke dielectrics

Ihe a na-ahụ na ebubo a na-agbanyeghị mkpọrọgwụ na-adabere na dielectric, ma ọ bụ ngbanwegharị nke eletrik eletrik, a na-akpọ mmasi nke dilectrics na physics. Ọdịdị nke usoro a nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na agbanyeghị, n'ihi ihe ndị dị n'ime, ma ọ bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke mpụga ndị ọzọ, dịka ubi ọkụ.

The physico-mgbakọ na mwepụ echiche usoro e ji polarization vector na-anọchite anya a dipole oge, nke a na-hụrụ na ikwu na ịdị ukwuu nke dielectric olu. Otutu mgbe n'ozuzu onodu ozo eji okwu eji eme ihe - idi elu. A na-eji oke a akọwa ọ bụghị nanị iji gosipụta ọnọdụ macroscopic. Enwere ike iji ya kọwapụta ihe ọ bụla nwere ihe nwere njirimara ndị mara njirimara nke ndị dilectrics.

N'ịga n'ihu site na nkwupụta a, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmepụta ihe ngosi zuru oke nke ihe ahụ. Ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ nke dielectric, bụ ebe a na-ahụpụta oge nke oge dipole na nke ọ bụla n'ime olu ya, ma mara njirimara nke ndị dilectrics.

Ihe a na-atụle bụ ihe na-enweghị isi. E nwere ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke dielectrics dịka e si agbaghara, ya bụ, na-adabere n'okpuru nduzi nke ala eletrik ndị ọzọ, n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, nke a na-enweghi na mpụga ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ, ndị na-arụ ọrụ (ferroelectric).

The peculiarity nke polarization dị ka a anụ ahụ onu bụ na o nwere ọ nweghị mmetụta na uru nke ngụkọta ndebe nke a homogeneous dielectric, ọ bụla mgbe nke ya olu na-adịghị ahọrọ. N'otu oge ahụ, n'oge a na-atụ egwu, a na-ebu ebubo ebubo n'elu ala dilectric. Ihe ebubo ndị a bụ isi mmalite nke ogige ndị ọzọ na-agbasi ike, nke a na-eduzi na vek nke arụ ọrụ nke ubi ahụ.

Ihe dị mkpa na mbipụta a bụ nhazi ọkwa nke ndị na-anwụ anwụ, dabere na usoro ha. Na nke a, ụdị ya dị iche iche:

- Mbugharị bụ ihe na-ahụkarị maka ihe ndị dị na ya bụ nke nwere ọkwa dị iche iche doro anya na àgwà dị iche iche. A na - eji mmechi dị otú ahụ eme ihe na - egbu oge;

- Akwukwo ndi mmadu na-acho ihe di iche iche na-achogharia umu ohia di iche iche n'okpuru ndu nke ugbo ala eletrik. Nke a bụ ụdị ngwa ngwa;

- ion e ji otu ihe dị ka ngwá electronic, ma na nke a na e nweghị Ndahie nke shells nke atọm, na-akpụ akpụ ọnụ Ọdịdị crystal lattice bekee;

- dipole, ma ọ bụ dịka a na - akpọkwa ya maka ịkọwa mbara ala, na - eji nnukwu ihe mgbapụta, ihe kpatara nke a bụ nnukwu mmefu nke ume iji merie agbụ dị n'ime dielectric. Maka njirimara nke ndi dilectrics, ihe omuma nke uzo ihe omuma di iche bu ihe mara;

- A na-eji ntụrụndụ nke ntụrụndụ mara ọnụnọ nke ntụpọ nke electrons;

A na-egosiputa mmasi nke ndi dilectrics na ions, nke nwere enweghi ike n'ime nke a, ha adighikwa edochi anya n'olu nke kristal lattices nke usoro ihe;

- a na-egosipụtakwa ihe n'usoro na njedebe nke ihe dị iche iche nke dielectric, ma na nke a, ihe ndị a dị iche iche nke na-enwe ihe ndị dị na dielectric. Ebube a ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abịa;

- A na - ahụ anya na-adịghị ahụ anya (nke na - enweghị mmerụ ahụ) na dielectrics nke nwere oke eletrik, ha na - akpọ ferroelectrics;

- ajuju nke a na - eji ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ndi electrons nke dielectric na uzo nke ubi na eme ya, ya mere n'eziokwu, aha a.

Dị ka usoro, n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ma e wezụga nchịkọta nke mbido, ịdị ukwuu ya ruru ụkpụrụ ya kachasị elu na mpaghara stic.