Ivan Puschin: biography, creativity. The ọrụ Ivana Puschina

Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, onye biography ga-ọkọnọ n'isiokwu a, nwere Decembrists, na-ede akwụkwọ nke memoirs, collegiate assessor na onyeikpe nke Court ikpe na Moscow. Ma, ọtụtụ mara ya dị ka ezigbo ndị enyi nke Pushkin.

Nwata Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

The dike nke isiokwu a mụrụ na Marino (Moscow Province) na 1798. The nwa nna ya bụ onye senator na Lieutenant-General Ivan Petrovich na ya aha nne ya bụ Alexandra Mikhailovna. Na 1811, nna nna m na-amanye n'ọdịnihu Decembrists na Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum na-akụziri. N'ezie, nke a bụ kpọmkwem ihe ọ chọrọ obere Puschin Ivan Ivanovich. Biography na Lyceum ji a isi ihe omume - maara Pushkin. O mere na onye nke ule, na mgbe e mesịrị ghọọ a na-ekpo ọkụ enyi. Ọzọkwa rapprochement so mbọhọ ha ụlọ. Ka Pushkin na Leo na-arụ otu gburugburu. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị enyi m chere na ọtụtụ nsogbu. Ihe karịrị otu ugboro na ha nwere nghọtahie banyere ihe ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ.

Na-eche na ndị agha

A afọ tupu ngụsị akwụkwọ Pushin na onye nke eze ukwu onwe-ya na-akpọ na jụrụ banyere ọnụnọ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị na-achọ na-aga n'ime agha. Ndị a mesịa mmadụ iri, gụnyere Ivan. A di na nwunye nke ugboro n'izu, na Colonel General Levashev Knabenau aku na ha agha omume na a hussar arena. Ngụsị Akwụkwọ "ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ malite elu" ule ngwa ngwa. Best enyi Pushkina Ivan Puschin wutere n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'oge na-adịghị nwere kpọwaa ndị enyi ya, bụ onye ghọrọ ezinụlọ ya n'oge na-amụ. N'oge a, na album nke dike nke isiokwu a nke ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe dere ọtụtụ poems. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Illichevsky, Delvig Pushkin. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị album ebe efu.

Eje ozi na ndị agha

Ozugbo gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Lyceum Ivan Puschin, a foto nke ị pụrụ ịhụ na isiokwu, e-akwalite isi na uwe na edo nke-eche ha nche. Site na nke a mgbe na ụzọ ha na Alexander chụgara. Site n'ụzọ, Pushkin maara ihe ọ bụla banyere ihe Ivan n'oge ọmụmụ ha were otu gburugburu. Leo nanị mgbe ụfọdụ kwuru ya otu, ma na-agwa ndị nkọwa. Oscho Anyị ga-ekwu okwu banyere nke a mgbe e mesịrị. Ọ ga-kwuru na Alexander eziokwu ahụghị ya.

A ọhụrụ nzukọ Pushkin

Na January 1820, Ivan Puschin, onye biography bụ na ọtụtụ edemede encyclopedias, je-Bessarabia ndị ọrịa nwaanyị. N'ebe ahụ, ọ nọrọ ọnwa anọ. -Abịa azụ na Belarusian ụzọ, Ivan ụgbọala na ozi nzi ojii na mere ịhụ aha n'akwụkwọ ndị ọbịa nke Pushkin. The superintendent gwara ya na Alexander na-aga na-arụ ọrụ. N'ezie, na-ede uri e zitere n'agha n'ebe ndịda. "Ọ ga-abụ obi ụtọ makụọ ya," - o dere na ya memoirs Puschin Ivan Ivanovich. Enyi Pushkin maliteghachiri nanị mgbe afọ ise.

Na 1825, ndị dike nke isiokwu a, mụtara na Alexander e zitere Pskov n'ógbè. Na Ivan pụta a ọchịchọ siri ike gaa na otu agadi enyi. Iji malite ọ chọrọ ime njem site Moscow na St. Petersburg usọrọ Christmas na ndị ezinụlọ ha. O wee nwanne ya nwaanyị, na si n'ebe ahụ ebe nke ije biri n'ala Pushkin - Mikhailovskoye obodo. Friends gbalịrị gbanwee obi Ivan si njem a, dị ka Alexander bụ n'okpuru nlekọta nke ọ bụghị nanị na ndị uwe ojii ma ndị ụkọchukwu. Ma Leo achọghị ige ntị. Friends nzute na January 1825 mere a siri ike echiche na abụọ. Mgbe e mesịrị, Alexander dere abụ banyere ya. Ọ bụ ha ikpeazụ nzute.

The nzuzo gburugburu

Gịnị na-adịghị gwara Pushkin Ivan Puschin n'oge ọmụmụ ha na Lycée? N'oge ahụ, ndị dike nke isiokwu a mere izute na ndị na-eme n'ọdịnihu, sonye e kere eke nke Northern Society, na Union of Welfare na ihe omume ndị na December 14. Ivan bụ otu n'ime ndị a kasị mara òtù a gburugburu. N'ihi nke a, na ọrụ agha Puschina adịteghị. Ọ dị nnọọ enyeghị ya na ohere maka mmezu nke nkwenkwe ya. Mgbe ọpụpụ Ivan nọdụrụ na n'ógbè alụmdi, wee were onyeikpe oche Mbụ Department nke Moscow Court n'okporo ámá.

ọchịchọ mgbanwe

Service Change bụ n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na dike nke isiokwu a ga-achọ imelite ikuku nke ndioru govanmenti, nke, n'echiche nke ya, nyere mgbọrọgwụ. N'ebe nile, we buru eze rụrụ arụ chicanery na iri ngarị. Ivan Puschin-ele anya na ihe nlereanya ya nke n'eziokwu ọrụ maka abamuru nke ndị na-agba ume ma ama-iche na-arụ nke na ọ nwere ike nile iji obiọma.

North Society

Nkera nke mbụ nke ọbubu-eze nke Alexander m dị iche-eji obi ụtọ na ọnọdụ ruru ka ịrị elu nke na-elekọta mmadụ nsụhọ. Ma mgbe ahụ, ihe gbanwere. Na ọchịchị okirikiri gbanwere echiche na ọtụtụ elekọta mmadụ nsogbu. Nke a ghara ikwe na olileanya nke a ka mma n'ọdịnihu maka ọtụtụ ndị elu okirikiri, otu onye nke gụnyere Ivan Puschin. Na nke a, ọ bịara n'ihu mma revolutionary ọrụ. N'ihu ọha arụ ọrụ ndị a nwere ike ọ bụghị, otú klọb na ghọọ a nzuzo nzukọ.

Ivan bụ onye òtù nke Northern Society. The isi nke a na nzukọ Ryleev, nakwa dị ka Leo, kpaliri site ọrụ agha na ndi nkiti na. Ọnụ ha buso amaghị ihe na ihe ọjọ. Ma nso ka 1825 iwu esiwanye malitere banye n'ime ha omume. Ọ dị mkpa na-eme ihe. Na ndị òtù Northern Society malitere ịzụlite a chọrọ ka o mee.

Njehie nke ndị Decembrists

December 14, 1825 Ivan Puschin guzo na Obolensky on Sineti Square. Nso ndị ọzọ Decembrists. Mgbe e mesịrị Kiichelbecker (mate lycée) na-egosi megide ha. O kwuru na Odoyevski, Bestuzhev, Schepin-Rostovsky, Obolensky na Leo bu ndi-isi nọ n'ógbè na kpaliri ya gbaa ndị General Voinov, na Grand Duke. Ivan onwe ya emewo ka gọrọ agọ a ebubo. Leo bụ nnọọ mmasị site ìgwè mmadụ ahụ, na-ewere ya dị ka ihe ị na-amaghị ọrụ enweghị a okpu. Gbara ya gwara ya na ọ bụ onye nledo. Mgbe ahụ Ivan gwara ịnọ n'ebe ya. Onye e mere a igbu ka ojii, ndị dike nke isiokwu a na-ahụbeghị. N'ihi ya, ajụjụ na Leo mere Sineti Square, ka emeghe. Ọ ekwughị ihe ọ bụla banyere ya, na ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị na "Notes nke a Decembrist."

ijide

Na mgbede, December 14, 1825 Ivan Puschin, a foto na ododu ke ohi ahụ megide Decembrists, e jidere mụ na ndị ọzọ so Northern Society. Ha tụrụ mkpọrọ na Pita na Pọl Ebe e wusiri ike. N'oge ajụjụ, Ivan ma agọnahụ ihe niile ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla. The ikpe hụrụ Pushin ikpe regicide na atụmatụ na-ekere òkè na ya. The dike nke isiokwu a e ọdịda nke mbụ na udi ogo ala omempụ. Final mkpebi - ọnwụ site beheading. Mgbe ọnwa isii gasịrị, ụlọikpe commuted ntaramahụhụ, anapụ Ivan n'ohu ma chụga ya ebighi-ike n'oru Siberia. Na a ọnwa ole na ole na okwu a na-ebelata ka afọ 20.

ọrụ ahụhụ

N'elu rutere Siberia Ivan Puschin, onye biography na-niile mara na admirers nke Pushkin, ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ndụ ya bụ ezigbo ike. Na okwu "n'agbụ" mee ihe na Decembrists, bụ nke nọ na dị iche iche na ụlọ mkpọrọ, naanị na a ot uche. Ha bi na nso-ikpa efe ezinụlọ, mba a n'ogige ihe yiri University na-arụ echiche ọrụ. Leo na-na Mukhanov Zavalishin ma guzosie ike a obere na-akpakọrịta. O nyeere underprivileged òtù ndị bịara obodo. Ma e nwere otu akwụkwọ akụkọ ekwenye na-enye Decembrists Mbipụta na akwụkwọ dị iche iche na-achị (gụnyere machibidoro).

N'ịbụ ndị Chita mkpọrọ, Leo kpaliri "Notes Franklin." Ivan e kwere nkwa ọlụlụ naanị na akụkụ mbụ. Nke abụọ sụgharịa enyi ya - Shteygel. Njikere "Notes Franklin" zitere a ikwu Mukhanova, ma dị mwute ikwu, ihe odide ahụ na-efu. Ivan roughing otu ihe atụ a ga-ebibi n'oge na-nnyocha burg, ebe ọ bụ na ink e machibidoro, na-akwadebe ha Decembrists zopụrụ.

Western Siberia

Ekele N'atu Manifesto 1839 Pushin ẹkesiode ọrụ ahụhụ. A chụpụrụ ka ibi n'obodo Turinsk (Western Siberia) na 1840. The afọ anọ, Ivan na-arụ ọrụ bụ isi na-agụ akwụkwọ. Siberia idụhe imetụta ahụ ike ha. Site 1840 na Pushchin mgbe bụrụ na nke na-adịghị ala ọdịdọ. Banyere nke a, o dere, a aririọ nyefee Yalutorovsk. Ọ e nyere, mgbe mbata nke Ivan biri n'otu ụlọ na Obolensky. Mgbe ahụ, na njikọ na a ma ọ bụ nwunye Leo kwagara n'ime a iche iche ulo.

Ke adianade Ivan, Yalutorovsk ndị ọzọ Decembrists. Basargin, Tizengauzen, Iakushkin, Ndanda-Apostol, wdg Ha mgbe nile wee na a gara dike nke isiokwu a. Ná nzukọ ndị a na-Decembrists egwuri kaadị, tụlere ọhụrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-na na. N. Ivan riri ahụ ịkọ ugbo na wepụtara oge dị ukwuu n'ogige. Ma ahụ ike ya na-mma. Leo rịọrọ Gorchakov (Governor-General nke Western Siberia) nyefee Tobolsk ka Dibia dọkịta.

Ọgwụgwọ na nnwere onwe

Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ, na onye bụ isi ọgwụgwọ nke Ivan bụ obere mma. Na Tobolsk ọ hụrụ a nọworo ogologo oge enyi Bobrischevym-Pushkin. Ọnụ enyi na-arụ ọrụ na translation nke onwa. Mgbe ha laghachiri Leo ruo oge ụfọdụ ọ nọ na ezi ahụ ike, ma n'oge na-adịghị ọgụ maliteghachiri. Na 1849, ọ ọzọ jụrụ Gorchakov iziga ya n'ihi na ọgwụgwọ. N'oge a na Turin mmiri. All njem mmefu na-akwụ ụgwọ nke na-edebe ego. E Leo hụrụ Bestuzhev na ya ọzọ comrades. Mgbe ọnwa isii gasịrị, Ivan laghachi Yalutorovsk. Na nnwere onwe nke dike nke isiokwu a bịara mgbe manifesto na 1856, nọrọ n'ala ọzọ isua 16.

adịbeghị anya

Na 1858, Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, onye biography mara ọtụtụ admirers nke Pushkin ndọ Natalia Fonvizina (ma ama Decembrist nwunye, bụ onye nwụrụ na 1854). A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe agbamakwụkwọ, dike nke isiokwu a anwụwo. Pushin Bronnitsi lie nso katidral. N'ili na-emi odude nso n'ili Fonvizina M. A.

The ọrụ nke Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

Na mgbakwunye na "Notes Franklin" e kwuru n'elu, e dere site dike nke isiokwu a bụ nke "Notes na enyi Pushkin" (1859) na "Notes nke a Decembrist" (1863). The mbụ na a zuru ezu na ọrụ Maikova banyere biography nke na-ede uri. Ivan Alexander nwere maka ihe ndị kasị obi ọmịiko site n'oge ọmụmụ na Lyceum. Ya mere, "Notes" na-imbued na ịhụnanya ụmụnna na ezi obi na-akpachi anya.

Nke a na-arụ ọrụ Pushin Ivan Ivanovich bụghị nanị. Ọ na-nwere "Letters si Yalutorovsk" (1845) ka Engelhardt. Ha Ivan kwuru na mbụ director nke gị onwe gị ndụ. Ọ na-amasị ya echiche banyere Siberia iwu, ndị ọchịchị obodo na iwu nke 1842, nke ndị nkịtị nyere ala ahụ, nyere ha ọgwụgwọ free ọrụ mmanye. Ke ofụri ofụri, na-edegara Engelhardt nwere ọtụtụ ezi ihe, kpọmkwem ka elu, gụrụ akwụkwọ onye.