Jamaica ego usoro

The n'ụwa taa na-arụ ọrụ Jamaican ego usoro, na nke nkwekọrịta e banyere na Jamaica na Kingston na n'oge 1976. Ya iwebata kpamkpam hapụrụ ụkpụrụ nke gold ọkọlọtọ na kwadoro na free floatation (igwu) udu. The usoro nke interstate na mba mmetụta na guzobere mba ọzọ mgbanwe udu e budata ju. Nke a usoro na-adịghị dabere na ego usoro onye mba (gụnyere US) - ọ dabeere legislated ụkpụrụ nke inter-ala.

Doo nke a usoro ihe ọhụrụ nke mgbanwe udu nwere ya prehistory. Ke mbubreyo fifties na n'oge sixties nke XX narị afọ maka United States, a oge mgbe ọzọ na ndị ọzọ nke itule nke ịkwụ ụgwọ mesịrị bụrụ na-adịghị mma, na dollar ego ụba karịrị ala nke mba ahụ, dị ka gold mee ndị ihe na-depleted. The United States, dị ka Bretton Woods nkwekọrịta, a manyere izute-eto eto ina maka gold Central bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke obodo ndị ọzọ. Na mgbe ị na-atụle na gold na United States na-amanye na-ere na a ofu price nke $ 35 kwa ounce, o doro anya na nke a nwayọọ nwayọọ ada ka mmebi nke gold idobere.

-Ekpochapụ nke gold ọkọlọtọ, malitere na 1971 ghọrọ Richard Nixon, na na na wụnye n'ókè o kwere mee fluctuations na uru (elu ọnụ) ego megide dollar na nso nke 2,25% mmetụta dị ukwuu na volatility nke mba ọzọ mgbanwe ahịa. The Bretton Woods usoro enweghị ike ịnọgide na-enwe ma na-amụba nke a nkeji na 4.5%, na na 1972, ke ini utọ, na United States mara ọkwa a 10 pasent mweda nke dollar.

Japan na n'oge 1973 mara ọkwa a ese n'elu mmiri ọnụego nke mba ego, ma ebe a ọnwa mere ya na EU. N'ihi ya, "ese n'elu mmiri" ọnụego mgbanwe ọchịchị, malite ugbu a N'agbasoghị ghọrọ kpagburuibe, ka ụba volatility nke ụwa ego.

Jamaica ego usoro emenịm mmalite nke a ziri ezi free oscillations nke mgbanwe udu. Ebe ọ bụ na 1978, banye ike na emelitere irenti nke IMF, nke na-enye ohere so n'òtù mgbanwe na-awụgharị, akpan akpan:

• òtù nke enweta ego hapụrụ oruru nke ego parities na nri iji a "ese n'elu mmiri" ọnụego mgbanwe ọchịchị;
• ahịa mgbanwe n'etiti ego ka parity nwere ike ịdị iche n'ime nso nke 4.5% na ya; +
• mba nke họọrọ idozi parity maka ya ego, nwere ike na-aga 'sere n'elu' ọnụego mgbanwe ọchịchị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ chọrọ.

N'ihi ya, Jamaican ego usoro nyere IMF òtù na-ahọrọ:

• ịtọ ego "ese n'elu mmiri" ọnụego mgbanwe;
• nwere ma ọ bụ na-a ofu unit nke akaụntụ nke IMF na SDR (pụrụ iche ịbịaru ikike), na n'ihi iwebata "gold ọkọlọtọ", ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ omume nkeji nke akaụntụ;
• iru a siri ike ruru nke ya ego (jikọtara) na ndị ọzọ ego: otu ma ọ bụ karịa.

Ma ekwe omume nke parity nke ego na okwu nke gold kpamkpam ekwe.

N'etiti mba na a "ese n'elu mmiri" mgbanwe udu, ọ bụ omume na-arịba ama na United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Greece, Israel, na UK na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, Central bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke mba ndị a, na-egbusi fluctuations ka ịnọgide na-enwe mgbanwe udu. Ọ bụ ya mere "ese n'elu mmiri" mgbanwe udu kwuru na dị ka "na-achịkwa" ma ọ bụ "unyi." Ke ofụri ofụri, mgbanwe udu na mba ndị mepere emepe na a otu ma ọ bụ dị ọcha "igwu".

E nwekwara nke mpaghara ego usoro, dị ka EMU, nke mbụ e ji mee ihe na ọhụrụ ngụkọta oge unit ECU dabeere na a nkata nke ego nke mba nke na-ọzọ iji nkwekọrịta. Na 1999, ndị ECU dochie ndị Euro.

Otú ọ dị Jamaican ego usoro nwere a mkpa maka inwekwu ịgbazigharị dị mkpa ka mma na zuru ụwa ọnụ ego usoro, otu n'ime isi mmalite nke akwusighi nke mba na nke ụwa nile.