Jazz: ya bụ, ihe direction, onye rụrụ

The malite nke oge a na Jazz gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na African musical omenala. Mgbe Hristofor Kolumb chọpụtara a ọhụrụ Afrika na Europe biri n'ebe ahu, ka n'ikperé America bụ esiwanye soro ụgbọ mmiri azụ ahịa.

Iznuronnye ọrụ siri ike, agụụ ụlọ na-ata ahụhụ site na-arịa ọrịa mmekọahụ ojii, ndị ohu hụrụ ngụgụ obi na music. Nke nta nke nta pụrụ iche olu ụtọ na rhythms nwere mmasị na America na Europe. Ya mere, e Jazz. Gịnị Jazz bụ, na ihe e ji mara ya, anyị na-atụle n'isiokwu a.

Atụmatụ musical direction

Ọ na-ezo aka Jazz music nke African-American, nke dabeere - improvisation (Ngabiga) na a pụrụ iche rhythmic Ọdịdị (syncope). N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ ebe, ebe otu onye na-ede music, na ndị ọzọ na-eme, Jazz egwú ịrụ ma-arọ.

Melody na-kere spontaneously ede oge, iche site na a kacha nta nkeji nke egbu oge. Dị ka ọ na-enyo Jazz. Gịnị bụ improvisation eti egwú? Ikike a nke egwú imeghari ka ọ bụla ọzọ. Ke adianade do, onye ọ bụla improvises nke ya.

Results nke n'amaghi odide na-echekwawo na musical notation (T. Kouler, Arlene G. "Obi dị m ụtọ na ụbọchị dum," Ellington D. "Ọ bụghị na unu maara na m hụrụ n'anya?", Wdg).

N'ime oge ahụ, African music synthesized na European. Pụtara olu ụtọ na ikpokọta plastic, n'afọ iri na ụma, abụ olu ụtọ na kwekọrọ ụda (CHEATHAM Doc, Bad Na My Heart, Carter James, centerpiece, wdg).

ntụziaka

Igbunye ihe karịrị iri atọ na ebe nke Jazz. Tụlee ụfọdụ n'ime ha.

1. Blues. Na English okwu pụtara "mwute", "melancholy". Na mbụ ya kpọrọ blues solo lyric song ojii. Jazz-blues - ya dvenadtsatitaktovy oge kwekọrọ ekwekọ trohstrochnoy n'ụdị uri. Bad ikwọ rụrụ a ngwa ngwa ijeụkwụ, na odide ike deere ụfọdụ innuendo. Ọwọrọiso performers nke blues - Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, na ndị ọzọ.

2. Ragtime. The nkịtị translation nke aha nke style - adọwa n'ọdịnihu. Na asụsụ nke egwú okwu "Reg" n'aka na-ada ọzọ akọ n'etiti lobes. Direction pụtara na United States, mgbe oké osimiri je ọrụ nke Schubert, Chopin na Liszt. Music site European-arọ rụrụ na a Jazz style. Mgbe e mesịrị, e nwere ndị mbụ ikwọ. Ragtime ahụkarị ihe Joplin S., D. Scott, D. Atụrụ et al.

3. Boogie. The style pụta ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. Nwe nke ọnụ cafes chọrọ ndị egwú na-egwu Jazz. Gịnị bụ ndị egwú ụbọ presupposes ịdị adị nke ìgwè ndị egwú, ọ na-aga enweghị na-ekwu, ma na-agba dị ukwuu nke egwú ha dị oké ọnụ. Ụda dị iche iche ngwá dechapụ pianists, eke ọtụtụ rhythmic ikwọ. Boogie Akụkụ:

• improvisation;
• virtuoso Usoro;
• pụrụ iche ụbọ aka ekpe anamde ostinantnuyu moto nhazi, nkeji n'etiti bass na abụ olu ụtọ - abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ octaves;
• na-aga n'ihu n'afọ iri na ụma;
• pedal wezụga.

Boogie egwuri Romeo Nelson, Arthur Montana Taylor, Charles Avery et al.

Akụkọ na-emeghị nke style

Jazz bụ na-ewu ewu na ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa. N'ebe nile e nwere kpakpando nke gbara ndị agha na ndị Fans, ma ụfọdụ aha ndị a aghọọla a akụkọ. Ha na-mara na hụrụ n'anya gburugburu ụwa. Ndị a egwú, akpan akpan, na-akọ Louis Armstrong.

Ọ na-amaghị ihe gaara akara aka nke a nwata a ogbenye Negro nkeji iri na ise, ma ọ bụrụ na Louis-esi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụhụ. Ebe a, ọdịnihu kpakpando dekọrọ na ọla gbalaga, Otú ọ dị, ìgwè na-adịghị na-akpọ Jazz. Gịnị bụ blues, na otú na-abụ abụ, bụ nwa okorobịa chọpụtara ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị. Armstrong nweela n'ụwa ama ekele mgbalị na nnọgidesi ike.

Nchoputa nke Jazz na-abụ abụ na-eche Billie Holiday (ezigbo aha Eleonora Fagan). Ọgụgụ kasị elu ewu ewu na nke na-agụ egwú ruru 50-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, mgbe a idaha mgbanwe nightclubs na ogbo.

Ike ndụ, ghọrọ usoro na ejiri nke a nso nke atọ octaves Elly Fitsdzherald. Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị, ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ ma na-adịghị kwa ezigbo ndụ. Mmalite nke na-agụ egwú ji ọrụ bụ a arụmọrụ nke a musical zoo amu amu, ehihie na abalị.

World ama bụ Dzhordzh Gershvin. Onye dere kere Jazz ikwọ dabeere na oge gboo music. The mberede n'ụzọ nke arụmọrụ captivated na-ege ntị na ibe. Concerts na invariably esonyere kụrụ aka. The kasị ama ọrụ G. Gershwin - "Rhapsody in Blue" (co-authored na Fredom Grofom), na opera "Porgy na Bess", "An American na Paris."

Ọzọkwa ewu ewu Jazz nka bu na ka na-Dzhenis Dzhoplin, Rey Charlz, Sarah Vaughan, Mayls Devis, na ndị ọzọ.

Jazz na USSR

Ntoputa nke a musical na Soviet Union n'ihi na aha nke na-ede uri, nsụgharị na ekwuru-goer Valentina Parnaha. The mbụ egwu nke Jazz gbalaga edu virtuoso ada itie ke 1922. Mgbe e mesịrị Tsfasman, L. Utesov, J. Skomorovsky ekara ntụziaka nke egwuregwu Jazz, na ijikọta instrumental arụmọrụ ma operetta. E. Rosner mere ka popularize Jazz music Varlamov, A. Lundstrom.

Na afọ 40 nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, Jazz e n'ọtụtụ ebe katọrọ dị ka a onu nke bourgeois omenala. Na 50-60-ies nke ọgụ na performers kwụsịrị. Jazz ìgwè e kere na RSFSR na ndị ọzọ na mba Soviet.

Taa Jazz seamlessly gburu na egwu nkebi na na klọb.