Kristofer Tolkin, bụ ọdụdụ nwa JRR Tolkien. Biography

Kristofer Tolkin (ịhụ n'okpuru foto.) - nwa nwoke ikpeazụ nke JRR Tolkien, na-ede akwụkwọ nke ndị dị otú ahụ iconic ọrụ dị ka "Jehova nke Mgbaaka", "The Hobbit, ma ọ bụ E na Back Ọzọ" na "The Silmarillion". Christopher nọrọ nnukwu isiokwu ọrụ na-ahụkarị uko oru nke nna ya. Na nke a na-ebipụta si "The Silmarillion", "History of Middle-ụwa", akwụkwọ ozi na edemede, Tolkien Sr. ya ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ edemede ọrụ.

biography

Kristofer Ruel Tolkien a mụrụ na English obodo nke Leeds na 1924. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ kpọọrọ n'ohu eze ụgbọelu na oge ụfọdụ m ji na-arụsi ọrụ ọrụ. Mgbe mmeri nke sitere agha e bufere idobere.

Emechara na a ọrụ dị ka a agha pilot, Kristofer Tolkin wee nna ya nzọụkwụ. Na 1949 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Oxford University na a ruo n'ókè na "English". A afọ ole na ole gasịrị, ọ natara a abụọ ruo n'ókè na akwụkwọ. Na 60 - 70s, o nwere otu ihe ahụ post dị ka nna ya - O a prọfesọ nke English na Mahadum Oxford.

Editorial ọrụ na ọrụ nke nna-ya

N'ezie, ọrụ na ọrụ nke JRR Tolkien nwa Christopher malitere kemgbe ha bụ nwata, mgbe ọ bụ onye mbụ na-ege ntị na-agụ ifo nke Bilbo Baggins, mesịrị ghọọ nchụàjà "The Hobbit, ma ọ bụ E na Back Ọzọ." N'oge afọ iri na ise nke na-arụ ọrụ na "Jehova nke Mgbaaka," nwa nwoke ikpeazụ nke nna nyere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru na-akatọ na aka ike a zuru map nke Middle-ụwa, nke a na-eji a ụbọchị.

Mgbe Christopher bịara nke afọ - na England ya na '21 - nna m kpọrọ ya na-akụkụ na nzukọ nke "Inklings" club na Oxford. Young Christopher abuana ke edemede mkparịta ụka dị iche iche isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ Refeyim nke genre nke "elu fantasy" dị ka Klayv Lyuis, Charlz Uilyams na Rodzher ochi. High edemede ideals nke nna ya na nwunye na club mere a mmetụta miri emi na Christopher ma nyere ya aka mma ghọtara ọrụ nke nna-ya, nke n'aka nke nyeere ya na-akpọkọta, edit (na ụfọdụ ka tinye) ma hapụ ebipụta emechaghi oru JRR Tolkien.

Ọrụ ike Christopher Tolkien Fans nke "Onyenwe nke Mgbaaka" iwu ji dị otú ahụ iconic ọrụ dị ka "The Silmarillion", "Children of Hurin" na a ọgaranya collection of akụkọ na-ekpughe ihe ndị mere Middle-ụwa. Ke adianade ịrụsi ọrụ ike na ihe e kere eke nke map, Christopher, na ndabere nke nna-ya odide, anakọtara a bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu okwu nke asụsụ kwuru site bi a kpokọtara Afrika.

"The Silmarillion"

Mgbe ọnwụ nke J. R. R. Tolkien n'ubu nwa-ya Christopher gara a siri ike - nyak ebipụta emechaghi akwụkwọ na ndị nkwusa nke "The Hobbit" na "Onyenwe anyị" ahụ na nke mbụ jụrụ. Christopher na-eji n'oge na-arụ ọrụ na nna ya na-akpọ "The Book of Echefuola ifo," drafts "The Silmarillion" na kwupụtara ọchịchọ nke nna-ya banyere ya n'akwụkwọ.

"The Silmarillion" bụ akụkọ nke Arda - ụwa, akụkụ nke bụ Middle-ụwa. The akwụkwọ mejupụtara ise n'akụkụ:

• "Song nke Ainur, ma ọ bụ Ainulindale" - na-agwa banyere ihe e kere eke nke ụwa na-enyemaka nke songs Ilúvatar na Ainur. Ọ na-agwa banyere ihe e kere eke nke ea - a eluigwe na ala na nke mbụ musical isiokwu chọrọ site Iluvatar (kere), na ekemende Ainur (agha) kere Arda --ahụ anya na-aghọta ụwa. The abụọ isiokwu music nyere, ihe ndekọ nke ụwa a, na etinye obi gị dum na ike nke ọ bụla nke Ainur. The atọ isiokwu ya ẹkwọ site Iluvatar naanị na mụrụ ụmụ Ilúvatar, elves (ọkpara) na ụmụ mmadụ (mmadụ).
• "Valakventa, ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Valar" - a collection of nkọwa na nkowa nke Valar, na Maiar, na Melkor. Dị ka akụkụ nke abụọ nke "The Silmarillion", ndị nke Ainur bụ ndị chọrọ ka ha gaa izute ọkpara Arda, a tọhapụrụ ha si Iluvatar EA na enwetara iche e ji mara. Elves aha ya bụ ha mmewere, ma ọ bụ na elu Elven - Valar. Ha nwere na-enyere aka, na-adịchaghị mma na ike na ike - Maillard. Morgoth - otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike Ainur, Ilúvatar nupụrụ isi, bụ ndị mere ka a dissonance na ya music na hapụrụ EA. The prototype nke Akwukwọ Nsọ lucifa, ọ ghọrọ progenitor ọjọọ na Arda na isi onye iro nke ndị Valar.
• "Quenta Silmarillion, ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Silmarils" - akụkọ nke akụ juru n'ime kere Feanor Elven omenkà, bụ nke e nọgidere site ìhè nke Arda. Nke a bụ nnukwu nke "Silmarillion", nke na-akọwa ihe niile Mbụ Age.
• "Akallabêth ma ọ bụ daa nke Númenor" - akụkọ, na-elekwasị anya nke bụ nwa nke abụọ nke Iluvatar - ndị mmadụ. The akụkụ anọ bụ banyere ihe e kere eke nke kasị ukwuu nke alaeze ha, ya heyday, ojuju na ida, nke rụpụtara na ezo nke Valinor - ala nke Valar - n'ofè Arda.
• "Na Ring of Power" - akụkụ ikpeazụ nke akwụkwọ na-akọ banyere ihe ndị mere na Third Age, ikpe mara na "The Hobbit" na "Onyenwe nke Mgbaaka."

"The History of Middle-ụwa"

The kasị ibu oru ngo isiokwu ọrụ Christopher Tolkien n'okpuru aha "History of Middle-ụwa" na-agụnye 12 mpịakọta. Na mgbe ọ nwụsịrị bipụtara collection-agụnye ihe nile n'oge ọrụ Dzhona Tolkina, nakwa dị ka ya drafts, ndetu, edemede na akwụkwọ ozi nhazi Kristofer Tolkin. Christopher nwunye e aku ya akwụkwọ ozi ka ndị editọ na-na-iwu.

The usoro a na-anaghị akwado na a kpọmkwem storyline na a mgbe niile nke genre, gụnyere a uri, song, uri na oru ndi. The mbụ mpịakọta abụọ nke "History" ka n'oge na mbubreyo ọrụ nke Tolkien Sr., o nwetara ihe na "The Book of Echefuola ifo."

"Echefuola ifo"

Ke n'akwụkwọ nke "The Silmarillion" na-aka nke Christopher nwetara a ole na ole ọzọ drafts na ihe odide nke na-arụ ọrụ oge na akụkọ, na-ama tọhapụrụ n'akwụkwọ. Dị ka Tolkien, Jr., ma ndị a odide na-atọgbọ-arụ ọrụ na "The Silmarillion", akwụkwọ gaara a kpamkpam dị iche iche.

Na ya isi, ndị mbụ na nke abụọ mpịakọta nke "History of Middle-ụwa" bụ banyere otu ihe ahụ dị ka "Silmarillion", ma na ịrịba ose na n'ebe ụfọdụ ọbụna na iche. Dzhon Tolkin mgbe gbanwere aha nke ebe na ndị nke Middle-ụwa na Arda, ya mere, nke e bipụtara na "The Book of Echefuola ifo" drafts emegharị ahụ n'usoro storyline na chepụtara echepụta eluigwe na ala. Ọ bụ ya mere Christopher nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ site n'inye n'oge kere na nna-ha nkọwa na-ezo aka mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ.

"Children of Hurin"

Atụmatụ na akwụkwọ na nke Tolkien nna malitere ịrụ ọrụ na-eto eto na nọgidere na-ahụkarị uko. The ọdachi akụkọ nke Turin Turambar na Nienor bụ emechaghi Christopher Tolkien ka a olu nke akụkọ na wepụtara na-ebipụta na 2007. Dị ka Christopher, ụfọdụ ọcha nke ibé o nwere iwu n'elu ya.

Copyright na ihuenyo nsụgharị nke

Dị ka Christopher bụ nanị nwa Dzhona Tolkina, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Fund Tolkien ala, nwere nwebiisinka ka ọrụ nile nke onye so dee. Na nke a, n'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ e nwere nsogbu na nsogbu, karịsịa n'ihe banyere mmegharị nke "The Hobbit" na "Onyenwe nke Mgbaaka", nke ike megide Tolkin Kristofer. The ikike ka n'onwe nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na meziri Otú ọ dị, e resịrị n'oge ndụ nke nna-ya.

Okwu mbụ banyere film mmegharị nke "Onyenwe anyị" ọbụna mgbe ndụ bụ na-ede akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ, nke bụ uru banyere, ọ bụghị na a pụrụ iche ịnụ ọkụ n'obi banyere echiche nke na-eme ka a film, Otú ọ dị, na emeghị iguzogide. Dzhon Tolkin oge ụfọdụ ọbụna abuana ke ọrụ na script maka staging ihe nkiri ahụ, ma ọ nwụrụ, na ọ bụghị inwe oge rụchaa ọrụ ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ.

The-ede akwụkwọ, Otú ọ dị, jisiri ere fim ikike, na mgbe ọnwụ ya na-enweta ego zụtara aha na odide, na njikọ na nke Kristofer Tolkin enweghị mmetụta na gosiri na fim na abụọ ọrụ bipụtara ndụ mgbe nna-ya.

Mmanya adaptations Peter Jackson

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị trilogy "Onyenwe nke Mgbaaka" Peter Jackson na-ala ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị mma nke ẹdude adaptations, Tolkin Kristofer, ụmụ na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ, ezi obi ọjọọ ikpe na-ezighị ezi nkọwa nke ọrụ ahụ. Na N'ajụjụ ọnụ akwụkwọ akụkọ LeMonde o mere mkpesa na "Onyenwe anyị" - bụghị naanị a ngwaahịa na "edinam" genre, bụghị mara mma dere thriller, ma a ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju omume na pụrụ imetụta uzọ nke ụwa. Piter Dzhekson trilogy wepụrụ niile dị ukwuu nke na mgbagwoju na tụgharịa ya n'ime a dị mfe nkiri na-eto eto.

Àgwà dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nke director na esemokwu na-akwanyere ndị film ụlọ ọrụ ebubo ada otu incandescent esemokwu, na-ịgba akwụkwọ, nke budata slowed "The Hobbit" filming na anana-a ụdị esemokwu "megide Kristofer Tolkin, Peter Jackson."