Kwa ụbọchị anyị na-eji ngwaahịa mere si ịkwanyere. Gịnị bụ ihe a umi?

Ọ ga-kwuru na oge a ndụ ga-abụ nnọọ na-ata na-enweghị ịkwanyere. Gịnị ka ọ bụ n'ihi na a n'oge a aku na uba? Nkọwa nke ịkwanyere ndị taa na-ruo 15 kilogram nke ngụkọta nke ịdị arọ nke ihe nkezi European ụgbọ ala, nke a na ihe onwunwe na-agụnye mmepụta nke n'ji ngwongwo (bọọlụ, uwe, akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ngwá ụlọ, n'ala ikpuchi, kaadị akwụmụgwọ, wdg)

Medicine n'ihi na ihe karịrị ọkara otu narị afọ na-eji ịkwanyere. Gịnị bụ ọ ga-hụrụ site n'izo aka ọtụtụ otu-eji akụrụngwa. Ebe ị pụrụ ịchọta a ngwugwu maka mbadamba, na taya, ịwa ahụ uwe, catheters, ngwaọrụ maka nri, ọbara na akpa. Nke a ihe onwunwe e ji ala na-eri, ọma dochie roba na iko, mfe mgbochi afoime, ọ ga-eji n'ime ahụ mmadụ.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị anya na ihe ndị na-na ụlọ anyị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-mere nke ịkwanyere. Gịnị ka ọ pụrụ ịbụ? Polyvinyl chloride bụ mgbe ihe ndabere maka eletriki mkpuchi, ọjà, window profaịlụ, ji egwuri egwu, nkwakọ ihe, mobile phones, plastic karama, akpa maka asa ezé na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Gịnị na-ekpebi a nile ịkwanyere? Gịnị ka ọ bụ na chemical ele ihe anya? Dị ka usoro (-CH2-CHCl-) na ogo n (ogo polymerisation) ịkwanyere bụ a sịntetik polima nke bụ nke ndị isi na-emepụta si chlorine na mmanụ (57 na 43 pasent karị). Production Filiks na-erughị ọkara ndị dabere na-ezuru nke mmanụ na ngwaahịa, nke na-eme ka ntọhapụ nke a ihe onwunwe bara uru na ya price - ala.

Polyvinyl anya bụ a na-acha ọcha powdery umi ezi dielectric Njirimara. Ọ bụ odorless na keenweghiuto, unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri, na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ọxịdashọn, agụghị oké ìhè (n'ihi chlorine na mejupụtara), eguzogide asịd, ịnweta mmanụ, alkalis, alcohols. Mgbe ewe iwe na 100 degrees C. umi erekasịchaala hydrogen chloride ntọhapụ.

Ịkwanyere rụpụta amalite na mmịpụta nke sodium chloride nnu ngwọta (site n'oru nke electric orùrù). Ke ukem, mmanụ amịpụtara si ethylene (a usoro a na-akpọ "cracking"). Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, chlorine na ethylene jikọtara mkpụrụ nke ethylene dichloride. N'aka-emepụta dichloride, vinyl chloride (monomer), bụ nke a na tọghatara na polymerization ahụ chọrọ umi. Iji a na-kwukwara dị iche iche mmiri, ikwe nweta okokụre ngwaahịa na ụfọdụ Njirimara maka mkpa oru.

Ịkwanyere emepụta iji atọ bụ isi ụzọ maka polymerization nke monomers ngọngọ, nkwusioru na emulsion. Na nke a nkwusioru na-eji iji nweta soft, ọkara isiike na isiike plastik, na emulsion - maka soft ngwaahịa nwetara site plastisols. Dabere na-anọghị ma ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke plasticizers na mejupụtara a tọhapụrụ, karị unplasticized na plasticized ihe onwunwe. Nke mbụ bụ obere eguzogide ọgwụ ala okpomọkụ (ruo mwepu 15 degrees C), na nke abụọ idi obi jụrụ ka -60 degrees. Taa, kasị akpa nsogbu na ndị a bekee bụ ha collection na imegharị ihe maka iji.