Malic acid

Malic acid (Formula NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH) oksiyantarnaya, dibasic hydroxycarboxylic (mkpụrụ acid). Ọ na-anọchi anya a colorless crystalline umi. Malic acid bụ nke ọma soluble na ethanol na mmiri, agụghị oké - na ether.

The umi nwere a ọcha, mgbochi oxidant, mgbochi mkpali, hydrating na nwayọọ astringent Njirimara.

Nhazi ọkwa NOOSSN2SN asịd (OH) COOH

N'okpuru eke ọnọdụ, nkịtị L-malic acid. Agbaze uche - otu narị degrees. Ukwuu soluble n'ime mmiri. The solubility nke ethanol 68,3 g diethyl ether - 1.9 grams kwa narị grams nke mgbaze.

D-malic acid nwere a agbaze okpomọkụ nke 130,8 degrees. Solubility na ethanol - 35,9 g, diethyl ether - 0,6 grams kwa narị grams nke mgbaze.

Ma bekee unyi anaghị agbasa na benzene.

Malic acid nyere chemical Njirimara oxyacids. Ya salts na esters kwuru na Malatya. Mgbe ewe iwe ka otu narị degrees pụtara na akakabarede nke malic acid anhydride, ihe yiri lactide. N'ime ogologo oge kpo oku (aka 140-150 degrees) mmemmem mkpochapu mmiri. N'ihi ya, na ntughari nke malic acid ka fumaric acid, na ngwa ngwa kpo oku ruo otu narị na iri asatọ degrees a kpụrụ ma, na maleic anhydride.

NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH na-atụle otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa n'etiti mmiri nke metabolic Filiks ke ndu eme ntule. Malic acid a na-metabolism n'ụdị malate. Ọ na-guzobere tricarboxylic acid okirikiri, gluconeogenesis na. Malate mgbe enzymatic Jeremaya mere nwere ike converted n'ime pyruvate, fumarate, oxaloacetate.

Njikere NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH site Mbelata tartaric acid, hydrolysis nke D, L- bromyantarnoy acid.

Na ụlọ ọrụ na NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH eji ke imewe nke confectionery ngwaahịa na mkpụrụ mmiri. Na malic acid na-eji na winemaking. Na ọdabara umi dị ka a onye Onyenwe anyị + adjuster na a ekpomeekpo n'ụlọnga.

Kwadebere malic acid (D, L) mgbe Iweghachi oksaliluksusnoy acid NOOSSOSN2SOON Na njikọta ma ọ bụ ya hydrolysis (oksaliluksusnoy acid) nke natara Ester.

The ndammana na-ewere ọnọdụ umi dị na mkpụrụ acid. Ndị a karịsịa na-agụnye ọmụmụ akabeghị aka apụl, ugwu ash mkpụrụ osisi, gooseberries, rhubarb. Na-emepụta sịga na malic acid dị n'ụdị calcium nnu. The obere ego nke na ọ ga-hụrụ na wine. Na ọdịdị NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH a kpụrụ n'ihi ezughị ezu ọxịdashọn usoro nke sugars. Karịsịa na a nnukwu ego malic acid nwere ike achọpụtara na ọmụmụ akabeghị aka mkpụrụ vaịn (site na iri na atọ ka iri na ise grams kwa dm3). N'oge chaa mkpụrụ nọmba NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH belata abụọ ise grams kwa dm3. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ke ịta n'ihi na eziokwu na umi na-ifịk ke akụkụ okuku ume na usoro. Ọ ga-kwuru na na mkpụrụ vaịn si edere edere mpaghara hụrụ ukwuu malic acid karịa na mkpụrụ osisi si n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara. Ọdịnaya NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH, na-adabere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe n'oge afọ na na dịgasị iche iche nke grape.

Mgbe mmanya na-gbaa ụka nke iji nke iri abụọ na ise percent malic acid banye yist. N'oge guzobe nke mmanya na-agbake carbon dioxide. Nje gbaa ụka na-arụpụta guzobe nke elu-adị ọcha succinic acid. Odide NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH na urea njikọ bụ isi uracil (RNA akụrụngwa).

N'okpuru nduzi nke lactic acid bacteria nwere ike ịkparị malic acid na lactic acid. NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH emetụta uto nke wine. The elu ọdịnaya nke malic acid na-eme "green acidity" - a nkọ uto. Na ndị a, ọ rụrụ ndu "acidity". usoro ụkpụrụ dabeere na ike nke yist na lactic acid nje bacteria na-banye NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH.