Mmalite nke Russian asụsụ na ya lexical Ọdịdị

Russian asụsụ bụ nke ọtụtụ Slavic asụsụ, nke na-ekewa n'ime East Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian), West Slavic (Polish, Czech, Slovak) na South Slavic (Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian na Slowinski).

Mmalite nke Russian asụsụ

The mbụ data na-agwa banyere ọdịdị ahụ ya, na-emeghe ka IX narị afọ BC, mgbe kpụrụ Slavic ide. Eziokwu banyere Slavic ebo akpa azụ ka IV narị afọ. N'oge ndị a e nwere ndị na-ama atọ isi dị iche iche nke ndị Slav, ya mere, na-asụ asụsụ. Otú ọ dị, ha na-na- na IX-X ọtụtụ narị afọ, mgbe e na-ede, e nwere otú yiri ya okwu Ọdịdị na lexical Ọdịdị na n'ebo dị iche iche nwere ike na-adị mfe ịghọta onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Nke a na-egosi na mbido nke Russian asụsụ na ndị ọzọ na Slavic amalite site n'ozuzu drevnetserkovnoslavyanskogo ma ọ bụ Old Church.

N'aka nke ya, na Slavic asụsụ bụ akụkụ nke Indo-European, nke na-agụnye Greek, Latin, Modern Romance, Germany, Celtic, Baltic asụsụ, na ụfọdụ na-asụ asụsụ nke India na Iran. Ọ ga-adị, n'etiti oge a Persian, Albanian na Russian asụsụ nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị comparative akụkọ ihe mere eme analysis pụrụ ikpughe ihe ụfọdụ na-ndabere, nke a na-egosi na ihe niile na-asụ asụsụ nke ndị Indo-European otu, a nnọọ ogologo oge nwere otu asụsụ "n'elu ikpo okwu" - Indo-European asụsụ, nke malitere ya onwe ha development. N'aka nke ya, na-Proto-Slavic asụsụ a ntọala nke Slav, nke bụ nke na-Russian asụsụ. The si malite nke ọ bụla n'ime ha, otú ahụ usoro bụ nnọọ ogologo, mgbagwoju na ezi controversial, ka guzosie isi mmalite nke si malite bụ nanị kwe omume site n'iji nnọọ ụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme data nwere mkpụrụ, na-anọgide na nke oge ochie okwu-iche-iche na asụsụ chepụtara.

Mmalite nke okwu na Russian asụsụ

Okwu nke Modern Russian asụsụ ghọrọ usoro n'elu a nnọọ ogologo oge. The usoro nke guzobere lexical Ọdịdị nke ọ bụla asụsụ, gụnyere Russian, nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmepe nke mba ahụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme mmepe nke ndị mmadụ. Na obi usoro a kwuru na ọ bụ abụọ mmiri: a okwu primordial na adị na asụsụ kemgbe oge ochie, na biiri okwu, nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aghọ akụkụ nke ya lexical usoro.

Na afọ-ochie Russian okwu ikpokọta dị iche iche nke okwu na Indo-European, East Slavic, Old Russian na Russian bases n'ezie na-atụ aka na mbido nke Russian asụsụ.

Indo-European okwu batara Russian si usoro ihe ochie na nke diri otu Slavonic asụsụ. Ndị a bụ okwu na-anọchi mmekọrịta: nne, nna, nwa m nwaanyị; anụmanụ, ehi, atụrụ; nri - ọkpụkpụ, anụ na ndị ọzọ.

Words nke nkịtị Slavic asụsụ ketara n'aka asụsụ ịdị n'otu nke Slavic ebo nile, site na banyere VI na narị afọ AD Ọ bụ okwu na-anọchi osisi na fauna - wayo, akwukwo, akpu, osisi, ọhịa, mgbọrọgwụ, alaka ụlọ ọrụ, millet, peas, na ọka barley, wdg Nke a lexical otu na-agụnye echiche e ngwá ọrụ na workflow - ọgụ, ikpa, ákwà, nko, ibe ya bụrụ, etc.; okwu metụtara isiokwu nke ụlọ, nri, ihe n'ụlọ, nnụnụ na anụmanụ.

Okwu na Russian asụsụ bụ nke East Slavic ma ọ bụ Old Russian okwu. Ha malitere n'oge e guzobere Kievan rus, nke gụnyere ebo nile nke Eastern Slav. Ndị a bụ okwu nke pụtara nanị atọ Eastern Slavic asụsụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-egosi na àgwà nke edinam - ọma, rokotat; ụfọdụ ruo n'ókè nke kinship - nzọụkwụ-nwa, nwanne nna ya: ụfọdụ n'ime aha nke nnụnụ na anụmanụ, wdg

N'ezie Russian asụsụ na okwu pụtara na asụsụ mgbe e guzobere Great Russian mba, mgbe ọ malitere udi na ịzụlite a mba Russian asụsụ, banyere na Asaa na narị afọ. Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ echiche na-egosi ezinụlọ ihe na nri - kabeeji na-apụta, achịcha, belyashi; Action e - agbapụta n'ahụ, kụrie, baara; ụfọdụ nkịtị echiche - ahụmahụ elu, ịghọ aghụghọ, wdg

N'ikpeazụ, a ịrịba lexical otu na Russian asụsụ anam okwu-agbaziri, gụnyere na ya na usoro nke omenala, azụmahịa, agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agbatị na mba ndị ọzọ. Okwu dị otú ahụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ webatara, ie, bụ akụkụ nke dị n'asụsụ ógbè na asụsụ mba ọzọ nwayọọ nwayọọ tụfuru ya pụtara. Na Russian asụsụ, ha penetrated ma si yiri Slavic asụsụ, nakwa dị ka ndị na-abụghị Slavic. Ọtụtụ okwu e biiri si Greek na oge nke ịdị n'otu nke Slavic ebo. Scientific okwu na ala n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ-abịa anyị si Latin. Turkic asụsụ okwu (ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Tatars) banyere Russian asụsụ dị ka a n'ihi nke n'oge omenala mmekọahụ na eri raids. Otu n'ime ọtụtụ dị iche iche eme ka elu agbaziri si Western European asụsụ, n'ihi na omenala, iwu, agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbanwe nke Russian ala, ebe ọ bụ na oge nke Peter.

Mmalite nke Russian asụsụ na ya lexical Ọdịdị na-njikọ chiri anya si malite, guzobere na mmepe nke mba, na Russian mba na ala, n'ihi na asụsụ - bụ a mgbagwoju, "ndụ", na-eto "organism", na-ekpughe na ịtụgharị na-apụtaghị ìhè na Filiks ke ụmụ mmadụ.