Mmebi nke ọla - usoro nke mbibi ha

A sụgharịrị nsụgharị site na Latin dị ka "corrosive". Nke a bụ aha usoro mbibi nke ihe ọ bụla (osisi, churam, polymer, metal) n'ihi mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi ya, bụrụ ala, ikuku, mmiri (oké osimiri, osimiri, marsh, ọdọ, n'okpuruala) ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. N'izo aka na metal, a na-eji okwu okwu "nchara" dochie okwu ahụ nke ọla. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ikuku oxygen nke ígwè na mmiri, a na-edozi hydroxide nke ígwè - eriri nkịtị.

Mmebi nke ọla na - eduga na nnukwu nfu - n'ihi na Russia nke a bụ mfu nde nke nde tọn ọlaọcha kwa afọ. Ihe karịrị 10% nke kwa afọ nke metal akpa ibu unusable ruru corrosion. N'ihi nke a, e liri n'ala metal rụrụ nke dị iche iche akụkụ, nchekwa tankị mmanụ na ndị ọzọ na mineral na-ekwesighi ka 3-4 afọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-agaghị na-echebe site ọdachi nke ala-ground corrosion. Igwe ọkụ eletrik na eriri nkwurịta okwu, ala nke ihe eji egwu mmiri, ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ.

Ala na unyi corrosion ọla - electrochemical usoro na na-adabere na ihe ndị dị ka ndị chemical mejupụtara nke ala, ha mmiri ma ikuku permeability, metal ụdị, ya Ime Otu, ọdịdị nke ihe elu nke metal ihe.

Iji chebe ígwè dị n'elu ala (mmiri, ikuku na gburugburu ebe ọzọ), ịkwesịrị ịmara ihe mere enwere ike imebi ọla. Iji nweta data na ogo nke mmebi nke ala ndị dị mkpa maka mmepe nke iji chebe ihe owuwu sitere na corrosion, ubi dị mgbagwoju anya na nnyocha nyocha nke ala.

Nchebe nke ọla site na mmebi dabere na usoro ndị dị otú ahụ:

1. ịrị elu constructional ihe chemical-eguzogide (corrosion eguzogide alloys iwebata n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ma ọ bụ, ọzọ, mwepụ nke adịghị si alloy corrosion ngwa ngwa);

2. ịdị metal n'elu si agha ike ike media (akọwa na varnishes maka mkpuchi metal, egbochi ihe nkiri, Electroplating) ;

3. nchebe electrochemical - n'okpuru nduzi nke mpụga a na-anọghị na ya na ngwugwu ígwè;

4. ọnụ ime ihe ike nke na-ajụ via iwebata nke corrosion inhibitors (arsenates, chromates, nitrites), deoxygenation ma ọ bụ neutralization ọkara.

A na-ekewa ụzọ ndị a n'ime ìgwè 2. Ụzọ abụọ mbụ a na-eme tupu ọrụ nke ngwaahịa ígwè ahụ na nhazi ma ọ bụ n'ichepụta ihe, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgbanwe ihe ọ bụla n'oge ọrụ ahụ. Ụzọ abụọ ọzọ a na-eme naanị mgbe a na-eji ígwè arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ nchebe gbanwere dabere n'ọnọdụ gbanwere ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ajụjụ dị otú ahụ dị ka nchebe nke metal site na mbibi na-anọgide na ugbu a n'ezie, na-achọ a gbakwunyere ụzọ iji chọpụta ihe ngwọta nke oge a, na mma nke ụzọ ochie nchebe na ụzọ.