Corrosion inhibitors. corrosion nchedo ụzọ

Kwa afọ, ihe a ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke metal na-emepụta n'ụwa, na-efu n'ihi na mmepe na corrosion Filiks. Akwụ ụgwọ ndị a na-idozi na nnọchi nke na ngwá na nkwurịta okwu nke chemical osisi, mgbe mgbe, ọtụtụ ugboro elu karịa ndị na-eri ihe, nke na-dị mkpa maka ha rụpụta. Corrosion na-akpọ n'amaghi disintegration ọla na alloys n'okpuru nduzi nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Otú ọ dị, ị pụrụ ichebe onwe gị site na ndị a Filiks. E nwere n'ụzọ dị iche iche na-echebe megide corrosion, nakwa dị ka metụtara. Na ubi nke chemical mmepụta ndị kasị ahụkarị ụdị corrosion bụ gas, ikuku na electrochemical.

Ọ ọnọdụ

Ịhọrọ a usoro nke ịchịkwa na nke a na-adabere ọ bụghị nanị na metal atụmatụ, ma na-na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ. Ụzọ nke corrosion nchedo na-ahọrọ dị ka ụfọdụ ihe, Otú ọ dị, na e nwere bụ mgbe a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi ike. A nsogbu kpọmkwem jikọtara nhọrọ maka multi-akụrụngwa na-ajụ na parameters nke ịdị iche iche n'oge usoro. Na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, ọ bụ nnọọ nkịtị. Ụzọ nke nchedo corrosion na-eji na omume, kewara ekewa site ọdịdị nke ha mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi na metal.

Mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi

Ọbụna na Middle Ages, na ha na-mara pụrụ iche bekee nke e ẹkenam ke dịtụ obere obere na-ekwe ka iji belata ihe ike nke corrosive gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihi nke a, e kpebiri iji mmanụ, resins na starches. Kemgbe oge, e nwere ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ corrosion inhibitors. N'oge, naanị Russia nwere ike ịgụ ọtụtụ Nsukka. Inhibitors nke metal corrosion ẹtara ruru ha ọnụ price. Ha bụ ndị kasị dị irè na usoro ebe a mgbe nile ma ọ bụ a obere emelitere olu nke corrosive na-ajụ, ihe atụ na tankị, ọdọ, jụrụ usoro, boilers na ndị ọzọ na chemical nkeji.

Njirimara

Corrosion inhibitors nwere ike nke organic na inorganic okike. Ha nwere ike na-echebe site n'ebe mmiri ma ọ bụ gas ikpughe. Corrosion inhibitors na mmanụ ala na ụlọ ọrụ ọtụtụ mgbe na-metụtara mgbochi nke anodic na cathodic electrochemical Filiks imebi guzobere passivating na-echebe fim. Ị pụrụ ịhụ na ọdịdị zuru oke nke a.

Anodic corrosion inhibitors dabeere passivation corroding anodic ebe ndị metal elu, nke bụ ihe na-akpata passivating aha. Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ oxidants omenala eji inorganic nitrates, chromates na molybdates. Ha na-adị mfe belata na cathode ebupụta, n'ihi na nke ndị yiri depolarizers, na-ebelata ọsọ nke mgbanwe nke anode na a ngwọta nwere ion nke corroding metal.

Anode retarders atụle nwekwara ụfọdụ ogige na-adịghị ji ọnụnọ nke oxidative Njirimara: polyphosphates, phosphates, sodium benzoate, silicates. Ha edinam ka inhibitors egosi nanị na ọnụnọ nke oxygen, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke passivating n'ụlọnga. Ndị bekee na-eduga adsorption nke oxygen na metal na-ebupụta. Ọzọkwa, ha na-eme ka mgbochi nke anodic mgbasa usoro ruru ka e guzobere na-echebe ihe nkiri, nke iso nke a ufat soluble mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa nke inhibitor na metal ion agafe n'ime ngwọta.

atụmatụ

Anodic corrosion inhibitors nke ọla nwere ike rụrụ na udi nke dị ize ndụ, n'ihi na ha ịghọ moderators initiators ebibi usoro n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. Iji zere nke a, ọ dị mkpa na corrosion ugbu a njupụta ya karịrị na nke zuru a kpụrụ passivation nke anodic ebe. passivating gị n'ụlọnga ịta ga ibelata n'okpuru a kpọmkwem uru, ma ọ bụghị passivation ghara ime, ma ọ bụ na ọ ga-ezu ezu. Nke ikpeazụ nhọrọ bụ fraught na oké ihe ize ndụ, n'ihi na ọ na-akpata Mbelata nke anode elu, na-abawanye na omimi na metal mgbaji ọkpụkpụ ọnụego na obere òkè.

chọrọ

Ọ na-enyo na ike inye irè nchedo na ikpe nke na-anode ịnọgide na-enwe ịta nke inhibitor n'elu kacha uru maka ihe niile zones isiokwu nke dabara nchebe. Ndị a ihe bụ nnọọ mwute na onye Onyenwe anyị + larịị nke ọkara. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, chromates na nitrati na-eji okpomọkụ exchangers na iji chebe anwụrụ n'elu.

cathodic inhibitor

Site na-echebe mmetụta nke a bekee ndị na-erughị irè tụnyere anode. Mmetụta ha dabeere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na obodo alkalinization nke ọkara pụta ke kpụworo na cathode òkè unyi anaghị agbasa na na ngwaahịa, ndị egbochi ihe òkè nke elu nke ngwọta. Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ bekee nwere ike ime ihe, n'ihi na ihe atụ, calcium bicarbonate, na-atọhapụ a alkalized ajụ calcium carbonate ka a ịkpali, ọ bụ ike na emume mgbasa ya. Cathode corrosion inhibitor, ndị mejupụtara nke nke na-adabere na gburugburu ebe obibi nke iji adịghị eduga ụba ebibi Filiks, ọbụna ala ọdịnaya.

umu

Na-anọpụ iche media ka cathode na anode inhibitors mgbe eme inorganic bekee, ma ha na-enweghị ike aka na ike acidic ngwọta. Ka retarders na mmepụta usoro eji organic acid umi onye ụmụ irighiri nwere kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ pola iche iche, n'ihi na ihe atụ amines, thiourea, aldehydes, phenols na carbonate salts.

Na usoro nke ihe nke corrosion inhibitors dị iche adsorption agwa. Mgbe adsorption na cathode ma ọ bụ anode òkè ha ike gbochie orùrù nke hydrogen ion na metal ionization mmeghachi omume. Iji a nnukwu ogo-echebe mmetụta dabeere okpomọkụ, ịta, ihe acid anion, na hydrogen ion ịta. Ha na-emekarị kwukwara na obere obere, n'ihi na nke na-echebe mmetụta nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke organic inhibitors na elu kasịnụ nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ.

Ka ihe atụ, organic compound akpọ "Penta-522" - neftevodorastvorimy. Ọ bụ ike inye a ogo nke nchebe ukwuu karịa 90% na a ọnụego nke 15-25 grams kwa ton. Corrosion inhibitor emepụta n'okpuru isiokwu bụ "Aminkor" akara - a ngwaahịa nke esterification nke carboxylic asịd, nke na-adịghị obodo, anaghị nwere onye wetara isi, nontoxic. Ya onunu ogwu na-ekpebisi ike na mgbe echichi nke n'ókè nke corrosiveness ezigbo ọkara.

Mmetụta na Metal

Otu a ụzọ nke nchebe-agụnye iji ihe a dịgasị iche iche nke coatings. Nke a na agba, metal, roba, na ndị ọzọ na ụdị. Ha na-etinyere na ụzọ dị iche iche: site spraying, electroplating, na ndị ọzọ rubberizing. I nwere ike ịhụ onye ọ bụla nke ha.

Site rubberizing ọtụtụ ghọtara corrosion nchedo site roba coatings na-achọkarị na chlorine mmepụta. Rubber ogige amụbawo chemical nkwụsi ike na-enye nchebe maka containers, tubs, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ chemical ngwá si corrosion na corrosion. Gumming bụ oyi na-ekpo ọkụ vulcanization usoro nke na-rụrụ epoxy na PTFE mixtures.

Ọ dị mkpa ka ọ bụghị nanị na họrọ, kamakwa ime ka corrosion inhibitor. Manufacturers emekarị-enye a zuru ezu anya nduzi na okwu. N'oge a, na mgbakwunye na electroplating, a ike ụzọ iji nweta elu-ọsọ nkesa nke spraying. Na ya enyemaka dozie a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe aga-eme. Ọ nwere ike na-etinyere powder ihe maka amị coatings enwe dị iche iche Njirimara.

nchedo ngwá

Okwu ndị metụtara nchebe nke chemical ngwá, bụ nnọọ kpọmkwem, ya mere na-achọ nnọọ anya echiche. Oke nke ihe n'ihi na na-amị elu-edu coatings achọ ihe analysis nke elu ala, mejupụtara nke na-ajụ, na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ, ogo ime ihe ike, na ndị ọzọ okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, "mfe" e a dị oké egwu, oke, nke sikwuoro oke nke ụdị mkpuchi, ka ihe atụ, mete, ọbụna ọ bụla ọnwa ole na ole a propane tank. Ọ bụ ya mere ọ bụla ike ike na-achọ nhọrọ nke film mbụ na mmiri maka ndị dị otú ahụ coatings na-ji iguzogide reactants.

dissent

Ọkachamara na-ekwu na a pụrụ iji tụnyere onye ọ bụla ọzọ thermal spraying ụzọ, na karịsịa na-ekwu na ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị dị mma karịa ndị ọzọ. Ime ihe ọ bụla nke ha nwere ụfọdụ uru na ọghọm, na n'ihi coatings nwere dị iche iche Njirimara na-ekwu okwu ka ha ike idozi ya ụfọdụ ihe aga-eme. Nke ezigbo mejupụtara, nke a ga-ji corrosion inhibitors, na ha na usoro nke na ngwa na-ahọrọ na na nduzi na kpọmkwem.

The chemical eto azụ, usoro a na-kasị na-eji usoro nke na-arụ na-eme di ike. Ọ bụrụgodị na acidic corrosion inhibitors na-eji, ọ dị mkpa na-akpa-kwadebe elu àgwà nke metal. Nanị ụzọ hụ na ị na-enweta a quality cover. Tupu kpọmkwem ngwa nke sere ihe ike ga-eji ọgbụgba ọkụ na nke e nyere a pụtara ike ike n'elu.

Kwa afọ ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ọhụrụ mmepe na-egosi na ndị ahịa, na e nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-ahọrọ. Otú ọ dị, chemists kwesịrị ikpebi ihe bụ ọzọ uru - ichu-adọ nchedo ngwá ma ọ bụ nke zuru ezu nnọchi nke niile aghụghọ.