Steel R6M5: àgwà, ngwa

Alloy mmewere nke asatọ otu nke oge Mendeleyev System of ọnụọgụ nzùrùòkè 26 (ígwè) na ụfọdụ carbon na ndị ọzọ ọcha akpọkarị ígwè. Ọ nwere elu ike na ekweghị ekwe, kọrọ ductility na ike n'ihi carbon. Alloying ọcha dịkwuo mma e ji mara nke alloy. Otú ọ dị ígwè na-atụle ga a dara ihe onwunwe nke nwere dịkarịa ala 45% ígwè.

Tụlee otu ihe alloy dị ka ígwè R6M5, na-amụta ihe ndị e ji mara na ọ nwere, na nke ebe a na-eji.

Manganese dị ka ihe alloying mmewere

Ruo mgbe XIX narị afọ maka ọgwụgwọ nke na-abụghị ferrous ọla na osisi eji carbon ígwè. Ya ọnwụ e ji mara maka nke a bụ nnọọ ezu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe na-agbalị hazie ngwá ọrụ ígwè akụkụ ikpo elu ngwa ngwa nká na ọbụna oruru.

English metallurgist Robert Myushett site nwere hụrụ na iji mee ka ndị alloy ọzọ inogide, ọ dị mkpa iji tinye ihe oxidant, nke ga-onwe ya ná oxygen ngafe. Nkedo ígwè Steel tinye ígwè mirror, nke nwere manganese. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ ihe alloying mmewere, ya pasent ekwesịghị gafere 0,8%. N'ihi ya, ígwè R6M5 mejupụtara si 0,2% na 0,5% manganese.

tungsten ígwè

Ugbua na 1858, na mmepụta nke alloys na tungsten na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na metallurgists. Ha maara na nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị refractory ọla. Agbakwunye ya na nchara dị ka ihe alloying mmewere na-ekwe ka inweta alloy na ike idi ihe ndị okpomọkụ na-adịghị nká.

Steel R6M5 nwere 5.5-6.5% tungsten. Alloys na na ya na mgbe na-amalite na akwụkwọ ozi "P" na-akpọ elu-ọsọ. Steel mbụ kwadebere 1858 godu Myushettom nwere 9% tungsten, 2,5% manganese na 1,85 carbon. Mgbe e mesịrị, na-agbakwunye a n'ihu 0.3% C, 0,4% ČR na wepụ% igwe 1,62, W 3,56%, metallurgist natara alloy akpọ Samokaev (P6M5). Dị ka e ji mara ya, ọ bụkwa yiri P18 ígwè.

erughi nke tungsten

N'ezie, na 1860s, mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọcha bụ na zuru n'ụba, tungsten ígwè na mgbakwunye na e weere ihe ndị kasị inogide. N'ime oge ahụ, a na mmewere na ọdịdị na-na-nta, na price maka na ọ na-eto eto.

Site na aku na uba na na-ekwu na tinye a nnukwu ego nke W na nchara ọ ghọrọ impractical. N'ihi nke a, ígwè R6M5 arụ nnọọ ukwuu ewu ewu karịa P18. Mgbe ọ hụrụ ha chemical mejupụtara, anyị pụrụ ịhụ na tungsten ọdịnaya P18 - 17-18,5%, mgbe, dị ka tungsten-molybdenum alloy - ruo a kacha nke 6.5%. Ọzọkwa, ọ samokale chee ruo 0,25% ọla kọpa na ruo 5.3% molybdenum.

Ọzọ alloying ọcha

Na mgbakwunye na n'elu carbon, manganese, tungsten na molybdenum, ígwè R6M5 nwekwara ya mejupụtara na cobalt (0,5%), chromium (4.4%), ọla kọpa (0.25%), vanadium (2.1%) site (0.03%), sọlfọ (0.025%), nickel (0.6%) sịlịkọn (0,5%). Gịnị mere ha ji dị mkpa?

Onye ọ bụla nke alloying mmewere nwere ya ọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, chromium a chọrọ maka thermal bonding, na nickel enwekwu viscosity. Molybdenum na vanadium nta kpochapụ brittleness mgbe tempering. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị dị otú ahụ alloying ọcha melite Njirimara nke ígwè dị ka red ekweghị ekwe na-ekpo ọkụ ekweghị ekwe.

Steel R6M5, àgwà nke anyị na-amụ, na obi tara mmiri ala nwere a ekweghị ekwe nke HRC 66 na a ule okpomọkụ nke 600 ° C. Nke a pụtara na ọbụna na ike kpo oku ya anaghị ida e ji mara ya nke ike na Ya mere, anaghị nká na anaghị deform.

designation R6M5

Nkọwa ígwè na-adabere na otú ọ na-mere, nke na-agụnye alloying ọcha na e dere ihe carbon. N'ihi na dị iche iche nwere onwe ha e. Ọ bụrụ na ihe atụ, ndị alloy nwere alloying ọcha, ọ na-denoted "cm" na-esote nọmba nke na-egosi na nkezi carbon ọdịnaya ígwè (St20, St45).

The mbụ ala-alloyed alloys bụ pasent nke carbon, na mgbe ahụ akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-anọchi ndị chemical ọcha (10HSND, 20HN4FA). Ọ bụrụ na-esote ha, dị ka ihe atụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ọnụ ọgụgụ - pụtara na ọdịnaya nke ọ bụla n'ime ha adịghị gafere 1%. The akwụkwọ ozi "R" ke alloy stampụ na-egosi na ọ bụ a HSS (ngwangwa).

Behind ya na e nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ - bụ pasent nke tungsten (P9, P18), na n'ihu, akwụkwọ ozi na ọnụ ọgụgụ - bụ alloying ọcha na ha pasent. Site na nke a, ọ pụtara na elu na-agba ígwè R6M5 nwere ruo 6% tungsten na ruo 5% molybdenum.

annealing

Dị ka a na-achị, na mmepụta nke ndị dị otú ahụ alloy oge gboo na etinyere niile elu-ọsọ steels. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-iburu n'uche na iji tungsten-molybdenum alloy bụ n'ezie inogide, siri ike na inogide, ọ ga-annealed.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọzọ ụdị, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ST45, ida ike ya Njirimara n'oge annealing, na elu-ọsọ, na Kama nke ahụ, na-mma na-esikwu ike na ndị ọzọ siri ike. Ọ bụ ya mere R6M5 annealed tupu ekwesi. Olee otú nke a si mee?

Iku (e.g., web "ígwè R6M5") nke banyere 22 mm na a pụrụ iche ọkụ bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ka okpomọkụ nke 870 ° C, mgbe ahụ, mma 800 ° C, na mgbe ahụ na-ewe iwe ọzọ. Dị otú ahụ cycles nwere ike ịbụ banyere 10.

Ọzọkwa, mgbe nke ise na ọ dị mkpa iji belata okpomọkụ nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ka ihe atụ, ma ọzọ kpo oku ka 850 ° C na-mma na 780 Celsius C. Na na ruo mgbe ọ esịmde larịị nke 600 ° C.

Ndị dị otú ahụ a mgbagwoju annealing usoro n'ihi ọnụnọ nke austenite mkpụrụ na doped alloy, nke bụ ukwuu ekwesighi. Heating na obi jụrụ maximizes etisasịwo alloying ọcha, ma austenite agaghị eto eto.

Ọ bụrụ na bụghị idi okpomọkụ na ịrụ annealing na okpomọkụ ukwuu karịa 900 ° C, ụba ego nke austenite a kpụrụ na ekweghị ekwe nke alloy mbelata. Jụrụ na-atụ aro iji mmanụ bath, ọ ga-azọpụta si tungsten-molybdenum alloy cracks na nadkoly.

The n'ichepụta usoro R6M5

N'ezie, ka ọ bụla ọzọ alloy, R6M5 emepụta dị iche iche nha. N'ihi ya, na ụfọdụ ụlọ ahịa na-ekpo ọkụ na-agba ígwè, a tụba ingots. Mgbe ndị ọzọ na bụ mmepụta nke ya na-ekpo ọkụ-akpọrepu hire. Iji mee nke a, na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ Ogwe crimped n'etiti na-apụta nke Rolling na nkume igwe nri. Ya n'ụdị na-enwetara ga-adabere na udi nke akụ ha.

Brand ígwè R6M5 ọtụtụ-eji maka akụkụ na-arụ ọrụ na elu okpomọkụ. N'ihi nke a, na-adịbeghị anya a na-ewu ewu ụzọ nke na-eme ígwè bụ ntụ ntụ.

Mgbe wụsara n'ala nke na-ekpo ọkụ ígwè ingots, bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa ọdịda nke carbides si gbazee. N'ebe ụfọdụ, ha na-etolite a na-abụghị edo region nke ụyọkọ, nke na-eme n'ọdịnihu bụ omumu nke cracks.

Mgbe imewe nke ntụ ntụ, a pụrụ iche ntụ ntụ, niile dị mkpa mmiri nọ na na mejupụtara. Ya pụrụ iche sintered na a agụụ akpa na a elu okpomọkụ na nsogbu. Nke a na-eme ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe onwunwe amama homogeneous.

ngwa

Steel R6M5 ọtụtụ-eji dị iche iche ọrụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-eji maka imewe nke ịcha ngwaọrụ nke mbịne, egwe ọka ma na-egwu na ígwè ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na e ji mara ya nke ike, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ekweghị ekwe.

Dị ka a na-achị, ọ na-mere nke u, taps, nwụrụ, egbutusị. Ịcha ngwá ọrụ ígwè R6M5 oké n'ihi na ọnwụ na elu gbapụrụ ọsọ, ke adianade do, ọ dịghị achọ ka ya na friji Gomel. R6M5 ígwè mma - ọ bụ na-abụghị ihe ọhụrụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na tungsten-molybdenum alloy elu ekweghị ekwe na elu viscosity, ọ bụ mgbe eji maka imewe nke pupụtara na ike na ogwe aka na ndị mara mma ihe nakawa etu esi.

Alloying ọcha na chọrọ ego kwere ka ike a pụrụ iche nchara, nke fọrọ nke nta anaghị ajari na nwere ezigbo grindability. Nke a na-enye ohere maka ịsa ahụ na mposi ọrụ ọnwụ ọsọ abawanye site 4 ugboro.

Ọ na-eji maka mmepụta nke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide bọl biarin arụ ọrụ na elu na-agba na okpomọkụ nke 500-600 Celsius C. Analogues R6M5 alloy bụ P12 R10K5F5, R14F4, R9K10, R6M3, R9F5, R9K5, R18F2, 6M5K5. Ọ bụrụ na tungsten-molybdenum alloys na-eji maka n'ichepụta a na ngwá ọrụ roughing (u,-egwe ọka egbutusị), na vanadium (R14F4) gụchara (zaa, broaching). ga-adị na onye ọ bụla ọnwụ ngwá ọrụ na-akanye na-ahapụ gị mara na ọ na-mere nke alloy.