Museum-Reserve "Kuznetsk ebe e wusiri ike", Novokuznetsk: nnyocha, nkọwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpali eziokwu

More karịa iri-na-hectare Nature Reserve, isi ngosi nka nke Kuzbass - Kuznetsk e wusiri ike. Isi akụkụ nke ebe e wusiri ike na-emi odude Mount Ascension, nke bụ a akụkụ-aghọ aji, ugwu nso, na-anọ n'obodo Novokuznetsk si na otu district. The ngosi nka malitere ya ọrụ na 1991, na-amụ, chebe ma kwalite dị otú ahụ ihe na-akpali ihe, dị ka a ebe e wusiri ike Kuznetsk - a dị ịrịba ama ncheta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e wusiri ike, ihe-nketa nke gọọmenti etiti dị mkpa nke omenala.

n'ókèala

Ókèala ọ bụghị nanị ndị Kuznetsk ebe e wusiri ike, kamakwa ndị ọzọ eke na akụkọ ihe mere ihe ncheta. E nwere ọbụna a mara mma nsụda mmiri na kaniyon banyere Verhotomskoye redoubt. Ọ dịkarịa ala, a na iri na abuo ụkpụrụ ụlọ, agha na e wusiri ike ihe nwere ike anya na tour bi na ndị ọbịa. Ichebe ndị a ncheta dị iche iche, mweghachi ọrụ bụ mgbe niile underway.

Ebe a na ọ na-emi odude na mgbe ochie saịtị - ụdị nile nke ụdị. Nnyocha ka na-n'okpuru ụzọ, na bụ na-enweghị nchọpụta. Kuznetsk Ebe e wusiri ike na-amụ dị anya n'ebe niile. The ngosi nka ịkọwa na-mgbe niile emelitere site nnyocha dị otú. Ọ na-egosi ndị agha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo, na-enye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ site, akụkọ e ike, na ebe ewusiri ike n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, nke bụ na e wusiri ike, kwa, si iri na asaa na narị afọ. The ngosi nka na-enyere aka na-akwalite agha na ịhụ mba n'anya na omenala, na-achịkọta akụkọ ifo na-mpako na omenala na-akwado.

ngosi nka nke ọrụ

Na December 1991, ihe ngosi nka e meghere, na mbụ mkpara ya biri na n'okporo ámá Ndị a dilapidated ụlọ. Ọhụrụ 1992 malitere bụghị naanị a mbara ọmụmụ nke ebe e wusiri ike site archival nnyocha na mgbe ochie, ma n'ọtụtụ ebe gbapụ mweghachi ọrụ. Ha haziri ethnographic, mgbe ochie na akụkọ ihe mere njem ka zuo ezu ego nke ngosi nka. Ebe ọ bụ na o nwetara ya ẹmana Kuznetsk e wusiri ike.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1993, ihe ngosi nka kwagara n'ime ulo a ahịa Fonareva nsụda mmiri n'okporo ámá, ebe ọ na-anọgide na a ụbọchị. N'otu oge ya na oru na mmepụta nke "Kuznetsk n'oge ochie" - oge obodo akụkọ ihe mere eme magazine. Na 1994, ihe ngosi nka meghere a research n'ọbá akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ si collection of ọkà mmụta ihe ochie si n'otu obodo dị nso nke Prokopyevsk mg Elkina. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-enwe na mbụ ngosi raara nye ụkpụrụ nke Siberia art.

mweghachi

Next kpụrụ-edebe ihe ochie kere na-anwale a dịgasị iche iche nke ngosi. Na 1998, ọ rụrụ na-ewu nke asato - a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arụ ọrụ na nwughari. Barnaul ọnụ ụzọ ámá na nkume abụọ polubastiona, agha n'ogige - nke a bụ ihe e mma mgbe Kuznetsk e wusiri ike. Novokuznetsk - obodo mara mma ma na ebube omenala, na site na oge ọ ghọrọ mbụk na ano ugboro ugboro. Ọ na-e ẹkenịmde ebe a maka City Day ememe.

Ma, nke ahụ ọ bụghị ihe niile nke ezi ihe nile na malitere ime na ókèala ndị Kuznetsk e wusiri ike. Metallurgists nke foundry ZSMK emepụta iri na abụọ replicas nke serfs egbe na mbụ guzo ebe a na e ji ebu ihe, na abụọ ọla ogbunigwe, nke na-posted na mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike. Na na 2001, otu ngalaba nyere ihe ngosi nka abụọ ọla replicas Kugorna ogbunigwe, nke na-ugbu a chọpụtara na-adịgide adịgide ngosi. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na ebe e wusiri ike bụ atụ anya ọzọ onyinye - igba ígwè na ọgu iri-paụnd-paụnd ogbunigwe na e ji ebu ihe.

ebe nchekwa

Na 2002, a agha n'ogige mgbidi, kwa, natara onyinye si foundry: ọ enịm abụọ ncheta efere, nke depụtara aha ndị bi Kuznetsk, e ọdịda nke George Cross. Na mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike otu ugboro ọzọ replenished na-egbe on ubi ji ebu na ígwè na ọla orù. Na 2003 na ókèala a plaster na na site ọkpụ E. E. Potehina, mechara nkedo ígwè, na nsọpụrụ nke Lieutenant General PN Putilova.

Na na na-na-emepụta na foundry nke West Siberia Metallurgical Ikpokọta. The ngosi nka ịkọwa bụ mgbe niile emelitere na ogwugwu onu na ihe onwunwe, mere ndokwa ihe na ọzọ ikpughe. Na ndị agha n'ogige ndị agha, a dum ngalaba raara nye ama kuznechaninu - artist Admiralty, onye ghọrọ ama na nkera nke abụọ nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ. Portrait tụrụ na ncheta efere emepụta niile ahụ Metallurgical foundry.

The abụọ na-adọ nke ewu

N'ihi na ọnwa isii mbụ nke 2008 na ọ ghọọ ọbụna nso akpasarade ọdịdị Kuznetsk e wusiri ike. Novokuznetsk ẹkenịmde a mgbe nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ nke na-ewu nke asato. Nke a oge weghachiri n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda iche, na ụlọ na-wuru dị ka ndị mbụ nghọta nke Onyeisi na-elekọta ụlọ. Ọzọkwa ọ tọrọ osisi uka, a chọrọ mma ebe a ya carvings n'oge ochie. Chief ojii were home isi akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe ngosi na Kuznetsky ube, Kuznetsk Kuznetsk ebe e wusiri ike na ihe iji chebe onwe akara.

Ndị agha 'n'ogige lined na ezigbo ihe ịga nke ọma ihe ngosi nke ihe mere n'oge ochie nke obodo, ebe a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe ndị e anakọtara site gwupụtara ọkọnọ chronologically - si Paleolithic, nke na-ewe ndị na-ekiri n'ime iri abụọ na narị afọ iri BC na mgbe ochie na saịtị nke iri na asaa na narị afọ AD. The exposition gụnyere ụtọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nwughari, nke gosiri oge ochie bi na mpaghara, ọdịdị nke e weghachiri eweghachi site cranium. Novokuznechane ha n'anya ngosi nka.

Kuznetsk ebe e wusiri ike

O wuru a ebe e wusiri ike ruo afọ iri abụọ, na nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ bụghị nke ukwuu, si 1800 ruo afọ 1820. A ga-anọgide na-ewusi usoro, isi nzube nke - deterring iwe nke China, bụ onye anya na-abịa (ma ka na-bụ!) On South Siberia na ọ bụ n'ezie tụụrụ n'ala. Otú ọ dị, na 1846, ndị agha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kuznetsk wusiri ike e dechara: Agha Department ọ e wepụrụ si itule mpempe akwụkwọ. Ya redeveloped site ahazi a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ihi na omempụ, nke dị na ebe e wusiri ike ruo mgbe 1919. Na na Civil War, niile ụlọ nke mkpọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ usoro tsarist, ọkụ.

nkera onwe ya e wuru ogologo oge tupu ndị isi ebe e wusiri ike - na ọ bụ mmalite nke iri na asaa na narị afọ. Ya ewu na nyeere guzobe dum nzere usoro n'Ugwu Ascension (mbụ na ọ na-akpọ ili). E wusiri ike nke iri na asaa na iri na asatọ na narị afọ ndị ụrọ ma ọ bụ osisi, na onye omenala ndị ugboro turret akara: elu dị gburugburu perimeta nke obodo, ya bụ, ha abụghị nanị gbachiteere nkera.

Tupu a tọọ ntọala nke obodo

Ascension polubastion Kuznetsk wusiri ike nọgidere a akụkụ nke mgbidi na foduru nke ọtụtụ elu. Na ili mwute na na iri na asaa na narị afọ nwere ike rue a mgbidi ahụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ọ na-reconstructed n'oge anyị - a ekpe mmiri juru digged na na wụsa aro. Ọ maara na na 1717 ihe ụrọ citadel e nsogbu na promontory ugwu ahụ. Na 1689 nkera e kwuru a obodo, ịgbachitere ebe si "ọgụ Kirghiz na Kalmyks" (dị ka ha na-akpọ Mongol, na Chinese, na Altai na Shor), site Ya Ịdị ukwuu ahụ ekwenye nke Ya Ịdị ukwuu.

N'ihi na ọbụna ndị ọzọ e wusiri ike bastions dị nnọọ elu na-akụ nke Tom na n'ebe ugwu nke obodo na mmekọrita nke abụọ tọrọ citadel, nke e jikọtara ya na obodo site na a osisi mgbidi, na a gburugburu na ala n'akụkụ nke ebe e wusiri ike, e wuru nke oké ndekọ na stakes chụpụrụ n'ime. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, dị ka obosara nke Kuznetsk ebe e wusiri ike mgbidi asatọ ọnụ ụzọ ámá, bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta abụọ na ọkara kilomita. Anọ aro citadel ugboro ugboro Ọdịdị nke bụ ugwu ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri Tomi, na nkuku nke oké njọ disposable bastions na abụọ n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá na osisi elu. Inside na citadel n'oge ọ bụ naanị a uka, a otu ụlọ. All ụzọ ámá na-echebe site na ike egbe. Ugbu a na nke a ukwuu nke ihe ngosi nka na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ "Kuznetsk ebe e wusiri ike". Novokuznetsk nwekwara họọrọ recreate dị ndụ na ndị e mesịrị ọdịdị nke ncheta, na-akpali mmasị e wusiri ike.

iri na asatọ na narị afọ

Site na njedebe nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ earthworks nkera kpamkpam dilapidated, ma n'obodo Kuznetsk bụ ịnọgide na ya nējide onwe-ozi ka a wusiri ike nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ iyi tojubigara ókè nke linear n'ókè grandiose usoro nke ogologo - si Caspian ka Altai. Ya mere, ọ e kwadebere ma mma site Emperor Paul m kwalite niile Kuznetsk wusiri ike.

Anyị na-adị ọhụrụ earthworks ili na ụkwụ nke ugwu na na ya n'elu. Na 1800, ewu malitere, 1820-mu kpamkpam rụzigharịa Kuznetsk e wusiri ike. Novokuznetsk, onye mere eme malitere na mepụtara n'out oge na ndụ nke e wusiri ike ugbu a na-eweghachi a nhọrọ bastions ọnọdụ.

Gịnị mere

The dum nnukwu ụlọ enwetara ụdị ihe elongated rektangulu, ndị perimeta nke isi akụ nke na-emi odude redanami, nke na-fesa n'ime ramp maka egbe. N'ili na Cape Mount nwere ihe mmezi square redoubt, bụ nke mere ka e wusiri ike nke a ogologo aro na redanom. Na nkuku nke egwu ebido polubastiony agbakọta n'ime sandstone iri mita na-onwem nyiwe maka ogbunigwe.

N'agbata polubastionami awụ ọsọ atọ-storied brick ele anya elu. Ha na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu kpụrụ nzere ọwa na akụ. Of tupu ẹdude ụlọ naanị uka ọbọhọ. Wuru na emelitere nnukwu ụlọ mkpọrọ na ndi nkiti na-arụ ọrụ.

hoary n'oge ochie

Mbemiso 1806, dị ka a set of archival akwụkwọ Museum-Reserve, Kuznetsk ebe e wusiri ike nwere naanị otu nkume ụlọ - otu-akụkọ Nche na a elu hipped elu ụlọ na dormer window. Tupu ụlọ ahụ a osisi ụlọ ndò na-ekiri Nme n'ala. Nche n'oge - bụghị ihe alụmdi maka obere oge njide, na guardroom. Ụlọ a dị nso n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Kuznetsk. Na-emekarị n'ime ụlọ zuru agha si mgbanwe ndị nche.

Na 1810 a Nche kpamkpam rụzigharịa maka agha tọrọ a brick stovu, onwem na osisi ala. Mgbe nnukwu ụlọ ejewo si kwuo nke agbachitere, ụlọ a gbahapụrụ, rekasịrịla ngwa ngwa ma na 1869 ere scrap. Naanị na 1970 ọ e wughachiri ọzọ. Dokwara ochie bụ a nkume powder magazine na a gable n'elu ụlọ na abụọ outbuildings. Around ya guzo a dị ike ngere n'ebe dị elu karịa okpuru ulo. Sod n'elu ụlọ ke 1810 E mechiri na nkume slabs, tọrọ eaves maka mmiri drainage.

agha n'ogige

Ọ bụ a brick ụlọ a isi nke nkume e wuru na 1808. Iri na Isii windo enịm tinyere dum ogologo nke facade na ma n'akụkụ, ụlọ elu, gable, na isii dormer windo, e kewara ekwesị igosipụta ihu. All n'ogige ẹkewetde akụkụ abụọ, symmetrically dịpụrụ adịpụ, na iche iche n'ọnụ ụzọ. Kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ụlọ stoves. Yana mgbidi ndị iberibe bunks. Otú ọ dị, ịma mma nke ụlọ na a napụ: tinyere dum ogologo nke agbatị mgbidi na arched oghere.

E enịm abụọ na narị abụọ na iri asaa ndị mmadụ Biysk agha na nkwarụ otu. Mgbe abolition nke ebe e wusiri ike dị ka a agha-ewu, agha n'ogige e nyere kemgbe 1842 ka ya ọdịnaya nke ndị omempụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe ụlọ e reconstructed na idozi, na December 1919 mkpọrọ ahụ nke ọkụ ala site partisans. Ya mere ihe akụkọ agha n'ogige ruo ogologo oge kwụsịrị ịdị adị. On mkpọmkpọ ebe ya na afọ 90 nke iri abụọ na narị afọ e duziri ọtụtụ gwupụtara na hụrụ ihe mma ngosi nka.

Ober-ụlọ ọrụ

Nkume a ụlọ biri ojii anọ Bijskogo battalion ke ọrụ na agha e wusiri ike. The otu-storey ụlọ na abụọ n'ọnụ ụzọ na iri na otu na windo na isi facade e wuru mfe, ma, dị ka ndị Gris na ndị ahụ, na-enweghị frills. Ụlọ na ventilashion na gaps n'etiti ramp, na-asacha, lobbies na ndị mara mma zita oku na a residential ebe àmà.

Na ngụkọta, ụlọ nwere itoolu ụlọ, ise n'ime ha residential - na otu aka, kichin na mmekọ ụlọ nke ọzọ. Na nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, ndị isi ojii na ulo e nyere ka a n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha. The ụlọ a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ bibie, na, na 1905 n'ọnọdụ ya wuru ụlọ maka na ndị isi na ndị ezinụlọ ha. Ma ulo a n'oge na-adịghị ọkụ. Naanị na 2000 Onyeisi ulo wughachiri.