National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg): History, ntọala, adreesị

National Library (St. Petersburg) na May nke afọ a na-eme ememe ya 220th ncheta. Dabere na iwu nke Catherine II ke akpatre ọnwa nke spring 1795, a Ọbá akwụkwọ, ma ugbu a, otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa.

Mpako nke Northern Capital - "Publichka" (unofficial aha) - Russian president iwu kwuru a akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala nketa nke ndị Russia.

aha dị iche iche

National Library (St. Petersburg) ebe ya inception na ruo mgbe 1917 a na-akpọ Imperial Public Library. Mgbe oge nke Soviet ike, aha gbanwere ọtụtụ ugboro - ruo mgbe 1925 a na-akpọ ndị kasị ibu n'ọbá akwụkwọ nke Russian Public Library, 1932 Library aha mgbe Saltykov-Shchedrin, na mgbe ahụ, ruo afọ 70, ruo mgbe 1992 mara dị ka State Public Library. N'oge nile ọ dị, ndị kasị ochie n'ọbá akwụkwọ nke Russia chọ nnweta ego na, ọtụtụ ihe, huu free ohere ha.

Maka abamuru nke akwụkwọ

National Library (St. Petersburg) dị ugbu a na mee enweta ego bụ nke abụọ n'akwụkwọ Depository na Russia. Dị ka nke na mmalite nke 2012, NLR na ike nke 36,5 nde, nke na-agụnye 400,000 odide, 7000 akwụkwọ e biri ebi tupu 1501, a maara dị incunabula. Ebe ọ bụ na ya na ntọala ruo ugbu a, nke a n'ọbá akwụkwọ bụ a nnyocha, ọmụma na omenala n'etiti Russia.

Fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 30 ka ọ were oke mmụta Eze Nwanyị Ukwu (1766-1795)-akwado ndị draft rubere ya. N'ime afọ na ọkara tupu ọnwụ ya, ọ bụ ihe a mara mma-eme omume dọtara a akara n'okpuru "akwa afọ" nke ọchịchị ya. Construction malitere ozugbo ihu ọma nke oru ngo na-eme ihe ruo afọ 15.

The mbụ bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu

Wonderful ụlọ na-eto na nrutu nke Sadovaya Street na Nevsky -Atụmanya, ya bụ na obi nke isi obodo. The ụlọ, wuru na oru ngo E. T. Sokolova (Music Ụlọ ihe nkiri dị na mansion nke ọrụ ya) Ịbụ onye mbụ National Library. St. Petersburg bụ mmasị na mepere anya n'isi obodo nke Europe. The doro uru na-agụnye Ọbá akwụkwọ na eziokwu na ọ kere mba mbụ ntuziaka na n'ọbá akwụkwọ nhazi ọkwa maka replenishment na systematization nke ya ego.

Na mpempe iwu maka manye nnyefe ka n'usoro juputa ego na Library (na ego nke 2 nkeji) nke ọ bụla bipụtara e biri ebi na ngwaahịa na Russia jikwa ụgwọ inye ya si malite na nke mbụ ahụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ.

Formation nke pụrụ iche ego

Imeghe ya na ọ na ndokwa maka 1812, ma n'ihi na ihe doro anya na ihe mere, ada itie ke 1814. National Library (St. Petersburg), na adreesị nke nke a maara bụghị nanị na ọ bụla nwa amaala nke ugwu isi obodo, ma ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa na-eju obodo, emi odude Ostrovsky Square, 1/3, ada udi dị ka a akụkọ ihe mere eme ensemble na 1900. Ọ ga-kwuru ihe na-akpali eziokwu: ke kpuchie nke a mba ọzọ ego repository dina ụmụnna Zalusskih Library, bụ nke dị na Warsaw, na bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na ụwa.

Ọ pụrụ iji tụnyere nanị atọ nke eze n'ọbá akwụkwọ na Europe, dị na London, Paris na Munich. Na 1794, mgbe suppression nke nsogbu Kosciuszko Suvorov. 400,000 mpịakọta e kwuru na ihe onwunwe nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Pearl ego bụkwa a n'ọbá akwụkwọ nke Voltaire, nke e zụtara site Catherine II na 1778 na Deni Volter si nwa nwanne na onye nnochianya nke onye edemede. Special ship ọ kpọgara Russia na enịm ke hermitage, na iji nke Alexander II a kpọfere Imperial Public Library.

Center nke omenala ndụ na innovations

Naanị afọ 30 mbụ nke ndụ, ọbá akwụkwọ n'aka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ natara ihe karịrị 100 000 mbipụta nke akwụkwọ. Kwesịrị ịdị, ego ọ na-nọgidere na ụba dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọbịa, na afọ 1832-1835 utom nke abụọ ụlọ ahụ, facade nke gara Catherine ubi. Na nkera nke abụọ nke XIX nke narị afọ ntọala, n'ihi na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ onyinye, anyị malitere ntọt nnukwu - maka 50s 30 ugboro tụnyere dum ọkara mbụ nke XIX narị afọ. Site 1917, n'ebe ahụ dị nnọọ ukwuu nke odide na Russia na ọbá akwụkwọ ịnakọta. National Public Library (St. Petersburg) bụ onye mbụ n'ime Russia, ebe klas ùgwù na-kagburu - ọ malitere ileta nwaanyị. Na afọ 1860-1862 e wuru ọzọ ụlọ oru ngo VI Sobolevschikova, mechisịrị ọnụ ụzọ ogige perimeta. All innovations librarianship pụtara na ebe a.

oge nke ahụhụ

Site 1917 na 1930, ego nchekwa eme nwere ike ike ịgbatị n'ihi na nationalized onwe collections na ịnakọta nke ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti, ọ bụ ezie na-efu nke ebipụta mmepụta akụ abawanye fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam kwụsịrị ma e weghachiri nanị mgbe 1930.

Library mkpara e doro ada, nke nọgidere na-ọbụna n'oge Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, nke kpataara oké mmebi ego. Ma mgbe a nọchibidoro n'ọbá akwụkwọ m na-arụ ọrụ na-eje ozi na-agụ akwụkwọ.

Chọrọ ọhụrụ ogige

State National Library (St. Petersburg) na 1991 site na iwu Borisa Eltsina e renamed ọzọ. Ugbu a, ọ na-akpọ Russian National Library.

Ọ baghị uru ikwu na ụlọ, nke gafere afọ 200 afọ, rekasịrịla ma na-ize ndụ na-echekwa ọtụtụ n'ime ndị kasị baa uru iberibe. Ya mere, ọbụna XX narị afọ, e nwere ajụjụ banyere ndị na-ewu-ewu ụlọ ọhụrụ osobo niile chọrọ nke modernity. Na 1970 mkpebi na-ewu ụlọ ọhụrụ e mere, n'ihi na 10 afọ-ewu ụlọ ọhụrụ oru ngo e mepụtara, na mgbe otu nọmba nke afọ, ọ e wuru. Ọ bụ naanị ndị mbụ na-adọ nke ọhụrụ ụlọ e meghere na 2003 (ọ na-agụnye ihe niile na-agụ ụlọ na Ọbá akwụkwọ, kama oghere na oge nke 10 nde akwụkwọ).

The ọhụrụ ụlọ emeghị dozie nsogbu nile

The ọhụrụ ụlọ (ụlọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ na malitere na-akpọ) kwagara National Library (St. Petersburg). "Victory Park" - ụzọ ọdụ ụgbọ oloko, emi odude ke ozugbo visiniti (dị ka na-eme na Victory Park, abụghị) na 9-storey ụlọ nke ọhụrụ stacks, ike ịnabata ruo 12 nde akwụkwọ. Ọgụgụ ụlọ na ndị ọzọ na itieutom na-dị na ụlọ nke nta elu. Nchekwa bụ a kasị mma nke dum oru ngo. N'okpuru ụlọ a ọ na-dịpụrụ adịpụ ibé 4.6 hectare. Ochie ụlọ nke ọbá akwụkwọ, emi odude na 11 ebe, na-echekwa ruo 22,7 nde akwụkwọ.

Kwesịrị ịdị, ha bụ ndị ọnụ. Ma na-abanye a ọhụrụ oge a n'ọbá akwụkwọ ụlọ agwọtabeghị nsogbu nile - bụ ka bụ akụkụ nke ego na 9 ebe, mgbe ụfọdụ, na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ke disrepair. Na 2009, a nkwekọrịta e banyere iwu ọhụrụ 11-akụkọ akwụkwọ Depository, nke ga-emi odude ọzọ ka dị mgbagwoju ke Victory Park.

ọhụrụ center

The mara mma ahụ ọhụrụ cozily ọkụkọ National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg). The adreesị nke ụlọ bụ: Moscow Avenue, 165, Bldg .. 2. The ọhụrụ ụlọ nke Russian National Library bụ center nke ọhụrụ oru, nke kwere ịkpọlite ndị ozi a dum ọhụrụ larịị. Ụlọ nzukọ nke electronic Ọbá akwụkwọ, meghere ke 2006, electronic catalogs, jikọọ 2011 ka a na netwọk nke electronic ọba akwụkwọ Vivaldi - niile a na-ewe MFN kasị elu mba ozo. Nke a ụlọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ nke Russian Library Association.