National Sustainable Development Strategy

Na nnọchite nke Government of Russia azụlitewo a kwado mmepe atụmatụ 2020, nke a na-akpọ - "Strategy 2020". Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ya ihe karịrị otu puku ndị ọkachamara maka otu afọ, na na 2011 na-enyemaka nke ndị ọkachamara na HSE RANHiGS ha nagide usoro ihe omume. Nke a bụ ihe nke abụọ version nke mmepe nke CRA (ogologo oge mmepe nke echiche), mbụ version e dechara na 2007 site Ministry of Economic Development na ndị ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ, na mmepe e rụrụ na nnọchite nke President nke Russian Federation.

The mbụ nhọrọ

Concept (Strategy) Sustainable Development ke akpa version e mere ka a mata ụzọ esi iji hụ na ogologo oge, na-adigide ọdịmma nke Russian ụmụ amaala, mba nche, ndị na-akpa ike mmepe nke aku na uba, ike ọnọdụ nke Russia na obodo nke uwa. Development ya gụnyere n'ọnọdụ si 2008 ka 2020, na nke ikpeazụ ya ederede (CRA 2020), ndị ọchịchị kwadoro na November 2008.

The anya nke abụọ nhọrọ dị mkpa n'ihi ihe abụọ. A ububo atụmatụ mmepe e kuchiri mgbe a oge mgbe ịrịba mgbalị nke mba ego na aku nsogbu. Mgbe echiche e mepụtara, ọ na-adịghị emetụta na mba niile, naanị mepụtara, nke Russian Federation na-etinye. Otú ọ dị, mma atụmatụ maka adigide mmepe bụ ọdịda nke 2008, mgbe nsogbu bịara n'ime mba anyị. The eme na-agbanwe n'ike n'ike, na ya pụta bụ na ọbụna n'oge nke doo nke echiche nke ya niile postulates ndị ochie.

nsogbu

Na nsogbu emewo ka a nnọọ nkọ, na n'ala ala ọdịda nke niile aku egosi, ya mere a ukwuu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akwụkwọ ihe, ọbụna ihe mbụ na-adọ nke CRA 2020 tụgharịa unfeasible. National Sustainable Development Strategy ibido kpuchie oge site 2007 na 2012. Ọ e zubere site na njedebe nke oge a, nweta ihe-abawanye na ndu ndimmadu site abụọ na ọkara afọ.

GDP ga na-eto eto site na iri atọ na asatọ pasent na arụpụtaghị ibu na iri anọ otu percent. GDP ga belata ike oriri na iri na iteghete na percent. Real ego na-zubere ntọt site iri ise na anọ percent. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ akara, na-enweta na ohere mgbe bịarutere.

Ihe nke abụọ mere

Site na ọdịdị nke mmepe nke mba adigide atụmatụ mmepe ke akpa version ọ bụ doro anya na departmental ebe dere gbawara niile quantitative benchmarks na mkpa ka a na-enweta site 2020, kpọmkwem na onye ọ bụla na mpaghara. Otú ọ dị, nsogbu na ihu na-Russian ọha mmadụ na ya aku na uba, na-nyochaa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-adịghị. A usoro nke ọbọ bụla mgbaru ọsọ chepụtara declaratively.

Dị ka ihe atụ: ". Ọ ga-akpụ a otu dabeere na ngosipụta na ọha ntụkwasị obi na onwe na ọha aku oru Social polarization ga ibelata n'ihi hà ohere niile n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke ndụ na-elekọta mmadụ agagharị, na-elekọta mmadụ na atumatu na-akwado na-adịghị ike na ngalaba nke ndị bi na mwekota nke ekupụ." N'ezie, otú ahụ okwu ike na oké ịkụ nke ime ya efu.

Nke abụọ nhọrọ

Russian Federation Sustainable Development Strategy, ya nke abụọ version e mepụtara na 2011 site ka nke Prime Minister. ọkachamara iche iche e kere na ego nke iri abụọ na otu, bụ nke mere ka ndị mgbanwe n'etiti abụọ na mahadum - na HSE na RANHiGS ha isi Vladimir Mau na Yaroslav Kuzmin. O were ọtụtụ narị arụmụka, mkparịta ụka na nzukọ. Sustainable Development Strategy of Russia mepụtara ndị Russia na ọ bụghị naanị na - ihe karịrị otu narị ndị ọkachamara si ná mba ọzọ ifịk ifịk-ekere òkè na-eke a atụmatụ maka ọdịnihu ndụ anyị ogologo ntachi motherland.

N'etiti ndị Russia, kee a usoro ihe omume nke anyị na-ebi ugbu a na ya n'afọ nke asaa, akpan akpan, na-arụ ọrụ: Lev Yakobson, Evsey Gurvich, Sergei Drobyshevskiy Vladimir Gimpelson Ksenia Yudaeva, Isak Froumin, Alexander Auzan, Mikhail Blinkin na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Anyị zutere na mgbe etiti oge, na ihe bipụtara na ibe weebụ a ga-ebibi "2020 Strategy". Ọtụtụ e nwere nzukọ na-emeghe mode, ìgwè na-akwụ ụgwọ a otutu anya nke pịa. Sustainable Development Strategy nke Republic mepụtara na fọrọ nke nta niile CIS mba - Kazakhstan, Belarus na ndị ọzọ.

Final akụkọ

Ndị ọkachamara na-ekewa ya ọrụ n'ime nkebi abụọ. Nkera nke mbụ nke 2011, ruo August, mụụrụ development nhọrọ na jikoro na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke a development. Mgbe ahụ, ndị ọchịchị na e nyere ihe obere akụkọ na narị isii na peeji nke.

Ọzọkwa, na ministri na ụlọ ọrụ anyị na-atụle ma kpebisie ike na ya ịgbacha akwụkwọ. A akụkọ na-akwadebe na a olu nke na narị asatọ na iri isii na anọ page site December 2011, na March 2012, atụmatụ nke adigide socio-mmepe ọhụrụ version e bipụtara (n'okpuru a ogologo aha).

Anyị jụrụ ndị mmadụ

N'oge 2012, anyị na-eduzi ikpe ọmụmụ iji dokwuo anya mmekọahụ dị iche iche na ndi nke oha na amụma ndị e dere na "Strategy 2020". Ọ ga-kwuru na akwụkwọ a chọtara ihe emegide karịa ndị na-akwado.

Akpan akpan mkpesa na-gbara akwụkwọ na ihe osụk site Group 3 (Xenia Yudaeva, Tatyana Maleva), mepụtara a mgbanwe nke ezumike nká usoro, a ìgwè nke 5 (Leonid Hochberg), nke gosiri ntughari ka ụba ọhụrụ, otu 6 (Alexander Galushko Sergey Drobyshevskiy) - na tax iwu , otu 7 (Vladimir Gimpelson na ndị ọzọ) na ọrụ ahịa, Mbugharị iwu na ọrụ aka ọzụzụ.

Ọrụ otu 8 (Isak Froumin Anatoly Kasprzhak) na-akwanyere ndị ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ata ụta niile na-enweghị isịneke. Ọ dịghị onye kwere Nchoputa Vladimira Nazarova na Pauline Kozyrevoj na Mbelata inequality na ịda ogbenye na mbelata. German Gref na Oleg Viyugin jụrụ ọkachamara. Na na. The ndị mmadụ nke na-adigide mmepe nke atụmatụ na-adịghị nwetụrụ ịnụ ọkụ n'obi emeghị ka.

ụlọ

Ke "Strategy 2020" iri-na-isi ise, nke na-grouped na isii. Ọzọkwa, e nwere akwụkwọ a ngwa, nke na-akọwa "gbasara ego obodo nghogbu" (mgbanwe nke gọọmenti etiti mmefu ego), na ndepụta nke ihe na onye ọ bụla direction nke mmepe, nke na-enyocha site ọkachamara. Ngalaba nke akwụkwọ na-agụnye:

1. The ọhụrụ ibu nlereanya.

2. Macroeconomics. Ihe bụ isi na ọnọdụ na-eto.

3. Social iwu. Human isi obodo.

4. Infrastructure. Ala gburugburu ebe obibi, ezi mmepe.

5. An irè ala.

6. The envelopu nke development.

"Strategy 2020" na na, na na ọzọ n'onwe, na-agbali njikota n'otu cart "ehi na-enwukwa DOE". N'ezie, anyị chọrọ a ọhụrụ nlereanya nke aku n'uba na-elekọta mmadụ iwu. The aku na uba na-agbụ na-reconstructed: na biakwa obibia nke nsogbu, anụ ụlọ ina malitere plummet, na mbụ version nke "atụmatụ" dabeere ya elu. Russian ebupụ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam wughachi ekele banyere n'obodo, ya mere, na-elekwasị anya na nke mbụ price bụ isi. Otú ọ dị, "Strategy 2020" a na-adịghị napụrụ utopian ndịa: obodo kwesịrị aku n'uba maka dịkarịa ala ise pasent a afọ, na-enweghị mkpa ka ịdabe ya na mbupụ nke ngwaọrụ na reallocation nke ego gafee ndi, ebe ala arụmọrụ. Ọ tere anyị eziokwu?

nghogbu

The echiche bụ isi nke "Strategy 2020" - otu nghogbu, nke bụ na-ekwe ka aka nke mbụ ejibeghi ihe nke competitiveness. Ka ihe atụ, ndị dị otú ahụ. Elu àgwà ụmụ mmadụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere. Ebe iji nweta ya? N'etiti acha anụnụ anụnụ-olu akwa occupations ogologo na-agba ọsọ site ọkachamara, n'ihi na e nweghị ụlọ mmepụta ihe, ọ dịghị nwoke mmụta na Russian sayensị na ọrụ kasị mma - bụghị nnọọ mma - na agha-ulo oru mgbagwoju na ohere ụlọ ọrụ, ndị nnukwu nke kasị mma uche a ogologo oge gara aga na-arụ ọrụ ná mba ọzọ obodo.

Social iwu e wuru site ọkachamara na a n'ụzọ na-echebe ọdịmma nke ndị kasị daa ogbenye na ndị mmadụ anaghị, na oyi akwa na implements otutu mmepe, ie, otu mythical "n'etiti òtù", ike họrọ ihe ọ bụla nlereanya nke oriri na oru. Ọkachamara chere na ha nlereanya a otu ebe ọdịda ke onu oriri, na-anabata ọhụrụ mmefu ego iwu nke ga-achịkwa mkpata na mmefu na-akwụ ụgwọ (dabere na price nke mmanụ). Ha weere ibu expenditures adighi ike na-enweghị ihe kpatara, na na ọ bụ ihe o yiri a mgbochi kwụsie ike na a ziri ezi ego. Ugbua afọ ise gasịrị o doro anya na-elekọta mmadụ iwu bụ nnọọ ndị ọkachamara na n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ndị mmadụ. The mpụga ebe ka na-na mmekọrita azụmahịa obere ike ike azụmahịa na ihu igwe, na-enweghị ndozi, asọmpi na gburugburu ebe obibi, ikekwe ẹnịm, ma ọ bụghị ihe niile.

The post-ulo oru obodo

Ndị ọkachamara na-hụrụ anyị aku na uba na n'ọdịnihu dị nso, post-ulo oru, ọrụ dabeere na ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-elekwasị anya na mmepe nke ụmụ mmadụ isi obodo, nke ahụ bụ, na ọ bụ nke akụ na ụba, nke ga-abụ ihe kasị mkpa na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, agụmakwụkwọ, media na ọmụma technology, ọbụna imewe. E bụ maa a asọmpi uru ga-abụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị frittered pụọ site mgbe nile underfunding nke niile na-elekọta mmadụ na usoro, nakwa dị ka ruru nnọọ adighi ike management.

"Strategy 2020" ga-achọ iji weghachi na sikwuo ndị a comparative uru nke mba anyị na ubi nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, agụmakwụkwọ na ọdịbendị, ma ebe-ahụ na ha ugbu a? Ndị mmadụ ego na ndidi asọmpi, na-aka nká, na ozizi ọhụrụ ama nnọọ njọ. Mesoo na-eto eto ndị dọkịta ugbu a nanị egwu ịmụta ihe site na-eto eto na ndị nkụzi bụ fọrọ ihe ọ bụla, na omenala, kwa, ọ dịghị ihe ọma mere ma.

ọzọ nghogbu

Site na post-ulo oru aku na uba, na mba ga-eme ka nke a "na gbasara ego obodo nghogbu", nke ahụ bụ, ịgbanwe-ebute ụzọ ná mmefu ego expenditures. Ọkachamara kweere 2020 ga ego na akụrụngwa nke anọ percent nke GDP ka ibu, na n'ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị na mmefu ego, belata na-eri nke anọ ahụ pasent na ebe nke nche na-agbachitere, na okodu na ala ngwa, nakwa dị ka belata ego na ụlọ ọrụ. Nkịtị nke Russia na mkparịta ụka a atụmatụ "nghogbu" were ezigbo iwe, na-akpọ nke a amaghi plan, ọbụna ụfọdụ na-eji okwu "sabotaji".

Na nke ọ bụla, ndị ọkachamara nyere ihe karịrị otu dịruru ná njọ n'ihi na onye ọ bụla direction: ma ọ bụrụ na mgbanwe na-adịghị emega - ka inertial dịruru ná njọ, nakwa dị ka ike, mgbe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị chefuo maka ọnwụ, na ndị ọzọ mepere emepe dịruru ná njọ, na ezigbo mgbanwe, mgbe ahụ ọdịmma nke ndị na-ekere òkè dị iche iche na-sonye na akaụntụ dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere omume. Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ahọrọ ihe ndị kasị mma.

Ndị ọkachamara na-na ikike

Mgbe ikpeazụ akụkọ e bipụtara, na-curators nke ọrụ a guru na-adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ support nke isi amụma site president na ndị ọchịchị, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na iche nke echiche nọ ibido. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa nke ụgwọ ezumike nká mgbanwe.

Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ nke ndokwa nke "Strategy 2020" na-ama esịne ke omume nke na-eme nke ala ozu: ọ bụ nsogbu nke na-adọba ụgbọala na isi obodo (ede Mikhail Blinkin), Ministry of Finance na Ministry of Economic Development na-na mmejuputa atumatu a gbasara ego obodo na-achị, nke achịkwakwa larịị nke ọha ụgwọ na-mmefu ego emefu, n'ihi na ihe atụ. Pension mgbanwe nwekwara-aga na amụma "Strategy 2020", nke bụ ifịk na ukwuu obi ụka. Gịnị nwere ike anyị na-ekwu banyere mgbanwe nke ụlọ na anyị na ọrụ ...

eluigwe na ala

The atụmatụ nke adigide otito mmadụ, kọwakwuru na 1987 na edise ke International Commission, na taa a na-hotly arụrịta ụka site ndú ụwa. A na nkwupụta banyere mkpa nke a nke mbụ mara ọkwa na UN General Assembly. N'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mba (na Russia akpan akpan) na nakweere ụkpụrụ nke mmepe, nke na-enye maka ibu nke steti na nke obodo ọha na n'ọdịnihu iji hụ na afọ ojuju nke mkpa.

Obodo akụkụ nke atụmatụ kwado mmepe nke ụmụ mmadụ ụgha ke eziokwu na ọ dị mkpa iji merie heterogeneity nke na-elekọta mmadụ na usoro. Iji mejuputa ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke ụmụ amaala maka ọdịmma nke ọgbọ a ihe nlereanya nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke mepere anya, ebe atọ na ebe ejikọrọ: akụ na ụba, na-elekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. The atụmatụ nke adigide mmepe nke gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ga-eduga nkwụsi ike nke ebe obibi na usoro nke mbara ala, iji kpochapụ egwu na ịdị adị nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ.