Ndụ n'ihi art: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke decadence

Omimi na-adọrọ mmasị na okwu "decadence" a maara bụghị naanị n'ihi na ndị a maara nke ọma akara site a song site Agatha Christie "ọgwụ opium maka onye ọ bụla." N'oge dị iche iche, ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ ka pụtara na okwu ogologo eriri nke omenala ihe si oge nke art ụfọdụ na-elekọta mmadụ mmegharị na ekwukwa na ihe nke decadence. Ndụ na gbawara na nhụjuanya, na ihu nkọ nke a aguba mụwo na Kolko Loose iko - a bụ àgwà nke decadence, ka eme ka a na nzuzo ma ọ bụ doro anya mmasị.

Akụkọ nke decadence, dị ka anyị maara ya taa, malitere bụghị otú ahụ ogologo oge gara aga, ma bụ ọgaranya yi ihe atụ na nkọwa nke mmadụ. Iri na asatọ na iri na itoolu na narị afọ - oge nke nnukwu mgbanwe na ọ bụ oge a, si n'aka akụkọ nke "sikwara ike njite aesthetes" agbasa ot ókè, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke decadence.

N'ihi na oge mbụ na okwu bụ "decadence" e ji mee ihe dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke omenala phenomena na Alaeze Ukwu Rom, ọ na-abịa si Latin na French decadentia decadence, nke pụtara a ojuju, ada. Decadence Ugbu a chọpụtara na gothic subculture, Otú ọ dị , nke a definition bụ kpamkpam eziokwu. Ke mbubreyo iri na itoolu na narị afọ, ọtụtụ ndị so dee, na ijikọta na ọrụ ya ụfọdụ ọcha nke atụ, aestheticism na romanticism, hụrụ n'ike mmụọ nsọ na ọrụ nke Edgara Alana Poe - na-ede akwụkwọ nke n'elu-e kwuru ebe, nakwa dị ka a na-akpọ "Gothic akwụkwọ." rụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma na-agwakọta a okike obibia eziokwu, ebighị ebi na search maka ịma mma na doldrums: ọnwụ, obi nkoropụ, na-emehie emehie sensuality. Rụrụ omenala e ji nnwere onwe nke mmadụ, renunciation nke n'ozuzu nabatara omume norms na stereotypes, nnwere onwe iche echiche na ndụ, nakwa dị ka na-abụghị nnabata nke echiche nke ndị ifo onwe ya. N'ihi ya, oge a na gothic naanị etinye obi gị dum na-akpa àgwà nke decadence, ma ndị a echiche na-adịghị yiri.

The ngwa mmepe nke echiche nke decadence malitere mgbe nkà ihe ọmụma na akụkọ ihe mere inem "Reflections na-akpata ịdị ukwuu, na ọdịda nke ndị Rom." Na ya, Charles-Lui De Montesquieu, mara n'oge French ọkà ihe ọmụma na onye dere, na-egosipụta na nnwere onwe na-arụsi ọrụ abụkwa nke ndị mmadụ n'ihu ọha ndụ, dị ka a nkwa nke mmepe nke ọha mmadụ. Na atụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom, Montesquieu rụrụ ụka na naanị na otu nọọrọ onwe ha ala, nke a na-echekwara nnwere onwe nke ụmụ amaala, nwere ike merie ọganihu, na ndị ọzọ, otu na-idikwe ire ere na mbelata. Mgbe e mesịrị usoro ndị a - mbelata na mbelata - batara ojiji edemede akatọ. Otú ọ dị, na ndị oge ihere adighi-eme ha "rụrụ spirit." Kama nke ahụ, ndị mpako nke ya.

Ya mere decadence nweghị mkparị na okwu, na ghọrọ a nnọchianya nke nnupụisi na okike mkpesa. Dị ka a na-elekọta mmadụ onu ya blooms ke mbubreyo iri na itoolu na narị afọ - ọ bụ na oge a doo edemede 'rụrụ Movement na Literature "Artura Saymonsa, nchụàjà" The Foto dị na nke Dorian Gray "by Oscar Wilde, mere bukwanu eneni na England, na ndị dị ndụ n'onwe oké ozu decadence aghọ Robert de Montesquiou, franztsuzsky edemede na-agụsi esthete onye mere dandyism na art style nke ndụ ya. N'otu oge ahụ na-emezu echiche nke aesthetics, free-ụdị nkwenkwe bụ ọdịnaya, ndụ n'ihi mma, nghọta na sensuality, na rụrụ dere mesie ya ike na ezi art bụ chọrọ dabara n'ụdị omume ọma. Na isi, ọ bụla omume ndokwa, mmadụ nabatara, jụrụ na-ewere gharazie ịba uru.

Ugbu a gaa n'ihu decadence na-akarị art na ghọrọ otu nọọrọ onwe ha N'ezie, ọnọdụ na nkà ihe ọmụma. Na ya, ọ bụghị naanị ịmata atụmatụ nke atụ, romanticism, ihe masịrị onye, ma aesthetics, dandyism, gentility. Around oge a nke decadence bụ amalite modernism. Great mmetụta na nkà ihe ọmụma nke aestheticism na decadence nwere Oskar Uayld, ama bụghị naanị n'ihi ya aghụghọ akụkọ na ekwughị na-emegide onwe ya na-ele nke ụwa, ma capacious ede okwu mmalite ahụ reissue nke ya "Ihe Osise nke Dorian Gray" akwụkwọ. N'ime ya, o zuru ezu na n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-egosi na isi echiche nke aesthetics, nke e tinyeworo ya dum ndụ: onye na-ede akwụkwọ na-ekwe na-anọchi anya ihe ọ bụla na ọrụ, na osote, omume rụrụ arụ, nakwa dị ka omume ọma, na-adị ọcha - na ntọala nke ọrụ ya. Dị ka ọ pụta ìhè Wilde, na art ọ dịghị echiche nke omume rụrụ arụ, e nwere nanị ndị nkà ma ọ bụ mediocre ido egbu.

Ke adianade Wilde, mbelata nke oge na-achakwa dị controversial ọgụgụ dị ka Ernest Dowson, Sharl Bodler, Zinaida Gippius, Marie Corelli na ndị ọzọ na-egosipụta recognizable, ọ ka na-ejikọta ya na a gbara ọchịchịrị ntụpọ nnọchianya nke decadence :. Absinthe, cylinder, suut, accented nghọta sonyeere na sonso nke nganu uche, na ọ bụrụ na mberede ileghara, ogologo mkparịta ụka banyere nkà na ndụ otu ụbọchị. Decadence bụghị peculiar na nchiyo, ma egwuregwu pretentiousness, affectation, omiiko obi nkoropụ, anụ okwu, Nchikota oyi na oké ozu enwu enwu mmetụta uche - nwekwara otu onye nke e ji mara decadence.

Echiche nke oge ochie decadence nụrụ ma ugbu a: na ya music aesthetics eji Obermaneken, Cabaret Pierrot le fou, Agata Kristi, Nwụrụ Anwụ ga-agba egwu, Marilyn Manson. Na-arụ ọrụ nke gara aga mmetụta nke dandyism n'ozuzu na akpan akpan decadence n'ụzọ kasị doo anya deere na album The Golden Age Of grotesque.

Na taa decadence ọtụtụ ochie nkwado nlekiri na gothic, ma na-asọpụrụ ndị agadi rụrụ art esesịn echefu. Taa, ọ bụ nanị otu ụdị nke masquerade, jikọta dị ka "egwuregwu na iju": na pessimistic ọnọdụ, sikwara ike njite aka-wringing na adịgboroja ọbara ya wrists igbu onwe ya. Romanticizing nke ọchịchịrị na ọnwụ ka na-akpatara nchegbu, ma ihe epoch nke grandiose rụzuru ama n'azụ anyị, na ya okụrede emekarị na-eweta ndụ na nkà na-eme ka art ndụ ya.