Ngwere ọkpụkpụ. The esịtidem Ọdịdị nke a ngwere. Na ụdị na-aha nke ngwere

Ngwere ịbụ suborder klas nke nākpu akpu bụ kasị ọtụtụ nke ya otu. Ndị a na-akpụ akpụ na e nwere karịa 3,500 umu na na-hụrụ na niile kọntinent ma e wezụga Antarctica. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ele anya na nke esịtidem Ọdịdị, na ọkpụkpụ, na n'ahụ ji mara a ngwere umu na aha ezinụlọ ha.

Nti banyere ngwere

Ngwere - a dị ịtụnanya e kere eke, nke ndị ọzọ na-anọchite anya nke fauna mata a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-akpali eziokwu. The mbụ eziokwu - bụ size of nnọchiteanya nke dị iche iche bi na nke ngwere. Dị ka ihe atụ kasị nta ngwere brookesia Micra n'ogologo nke 28 mm, mgbe ndị kasị ibu nnọchiteanya nke otu a nke nākpu akpu - Indonesian ngwere, na Komodo dragon, o nwere a ahu ogologo ukwuu karịa 3 m, na a arọ nke banyere otu onye na ọkara hundredweight.

Nke abụọ, na-eme ndị a na-akpụ akpụ na-ewu ewu ọ bụghị naanị otu ọkà, ma ndị nkịtị - nke a bụ ihe mere na otú ngwere tụlee ọdụ ya. Ikike a na-akpọ autotomy na bụ a usoro nke onwe-ichebe. Mgbe ngwere gbapụrụ n'aka a eri ibe, o nwere ike jidere ya n'ọdụ, nke n'ezie bụ ihe ize ndụ ndụ nke reptaili. Iji zọpụta ndụ ha ụfọdụ ụdị nke na-ajụ-sized ngwere nwere ike idebe ọdụ ya, nke mgbe oge ụfọdụ ọkọride ọzọ. Iji zere nnukwu ọbara na ọnwụ n'oge autotomy, ngwere ọdụ ngalaba a na-nyere na a pụrụ iche otu nke akwara, na-ebelata ọbara arịa.

Na mgbakwunye ihe na-e depụtara n'elu, ngwere na ọdịdị nwere enwekwa àgwà masking, ịmụta agba gamut ihere gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha, karịsịa ogwumagala nwere ike iri ha gbara agbata obi na agba nke isiokwu maka a ole na ole oge. Olee otú nke a si mee? Eziokwu ahụ bụ na akpụkpọ sel ogwumagala esịnede ọtụtụ n'ígwé nke fọrọ nke nta uzo, nwere ihe pụrụ iche Filiks na ink, nke n'okpuru nduzi nke akwara esi gboo nwere ike abịakọrọ ma ọ bụ decompressed. Mgbe oge nke Mbelata usoro nke ink na-anakọtara na center nke cell na na-aghọ sonso kwesiri ngosi, ma mgbe decompressed usoro, na ink na-agbasa ofụri cell, staining ikpa na a ụfọdụ agba.

The ọkpụkpụ na esịtidem Ọdịdị nke a ngwere

ngwere ahụ na-emi esịnede akụkụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka isi, n'olu, ogwe, ọdụ na aka na ụkwụ. The ahu externally kpuchie akpịrịkpa esịnede nta mpi na juu formations tụnyere azụ akpịrịkpa, ọsụsọ glands na akpụkpọ bụ anọghị. A mara mma bụ na-a ogologo muscular ahu - asụsụ, na-ekere òkè-enwe mmetụta nke na-achị. ngwere anya n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ na-akpụ akpụ nyere na ibughari nkuchianaya. Musculature nwere a ukwuu ruo n'ókè nke sophistication karịa nke nākpu akpu.

ngwere ọkpụkpụ na-nwere pụrụ iche atụmatụ. Ọ mejupụtara nke n'olu, ubu, lumbar na pelvic ngalaba na-ejikọ ndị spain. Ọkpụkpụ ngwere wuru ka na-eto eto ọnụ, ọgịrịga (ise mbụ) etolite mechiri emechi ala nke sternum, nke bụ ihe e ji mara atụmatụ nke ìgwè a nke nākpu akpu ka tụnyere na ndị ọzọ na-akpụ akpụ. Ǹgụ anamde a na-echebe ọrụ, na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke n'ibu mmebi esịtidem akụkụ, o nwere ike na-amụbakwa na olu na-eku ume usoro. Nsọtụ ngwere, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ terrestrial vertebrates ise digits, ma n'adịghị amphibians na-dị na a ọzọ ziri ezi na ọnọdụ na-enye a na-nrigo n'elu ala, ahụ, dị ka a N'ihi ya, ngwa ngwa ije. Ọkpụrụkpụ aka na ije na nwere ogologo claws, nke na-n'ụzọ na-akpụ akpụ paws. Na ụfọdụ ụdị, ha karịsịa tenacious na aka nna ya ukwu nimbly ịrị osisi na nkume chakoo.

ngwere si ọkpụkpụ bụ dị iche iche site na ndị ọzọ dị iche iche nke terrestrial fauna na ọnụnọ nke sacral spain of 2 vertebrae. Ọzọkwa akụkụ pụrụ iche bụ ndị pụrụ iche Ọdịdị nke ahụ caudal vertebrae, ya bụ neokostenevayuschey interlayer n'etiti ha, n'ihi na nke e nwere a enweghi mgbu adọka ngwere ọdụ.

Gịnị bụ ndị myirịta dị n'etiti a ngwere na newt?

Ụfọdụ ndị na-emegharị newts na ngwere - nnọchiteanya infraorder tailed amphibians. Gịnị bụ ndị myirịta dị n'etiti a ngwere na newt? Anọchitekwa anya nke abụọ ndị a superclasses yiri onye ọ bụla ọzọ na elu ọnụ, esịtidem Ọdịdị kwekọrọ Tritons Mmebe amphibians. O sina dị, si ele ihe anya nke physiology na ngwere, newts na anya anya otu: serpentine isi, ibughari mbubere na anya, a ogologo ahu na a ise-na-atụ aka na ụkwụ na mgbe ụfọdụ ndị dị n'akụkụ ya na a crest na azụ, na ọdụ, ikike ịdị na-agbanwe.

Power ngwere

Ngwere na-ezo aka jiri obi ịta mmiri na ụmụ anụmanụ, ya bụ, ya ahu okpomọkụ dịgasị dabere ihere okpomọkụ, otú ndị a na-akpụ akpụ na-kasị ike n'oge ụbọchị, mgbe ikuku tọọ elu kasị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha - na ọ bụ carnivorous ngwere umu na aha nke na-agụnye ihe karịrị otu puku ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Mmịpụta nke ngwere anụ na-adabere na size nke reptaili. N'ihi ya, obere na-ajụ-sized nnụnụ na-eri nri na ụdị nile nke invertebrates, dị ka ụmụ ahụhụ, spiders, ikpuru, mollusks. The tara nke nnukwu ngwere - a na-ajụ-sized vertebrates (awọ, agwọ, obere nnụnụ na ngwere). The iche bụ Komodo dragon, nke bụ n'ihi na ha nnukwu size nwere ike imeli ichu nta a nnukwu egwuregwu (ele, ezì na ọbụna na-ajụ-sized buffalo).

Akụkụ ọzọ nke ihe ngwere bụ herbivorous, na-eri epupụta, Alaka na ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere omnivorous umu dị ka Madagascar geckos, tinyere na-eri ụmụ ahụhụ na osisi nri (mkpụrụ osisi, nectar).

nhazi ọkwa nke ngwere

The dịgasị iche iche nke ngwere bụ nnọọ nnukwu na-agụnye 6 superfamily, subdivided n'ime a ngụkọta nke 37, n'ezinụlọ n'ezinụlọ:

• Iguanas.
• Geckos.
• Skinks.
• Veretenitseobraznye.
• Ngwere.
• Worm-ka.

Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a initialization infraorders nwere atụmatụ mere ebe obibi na ọnọdụ na envisaged ọrụ ke nri yinye.

iguania

Iguanas - a infraorder na ọtụtụ iche iche nke ndụ iche-iche, onye na-abụghị nanị na mpụga, ma ọtụtụ mgbe esịtidem Ọdịdị nke a ngwere. Site iguania agụnye maara nke ọma na ezinụlọ nke ngwere ka iguanidae, agamidae na ezinụlọ chameleons. Iguanas ahọrọ a na-ekpo ọkụ ma na iru mmiri ihu igwe, otú ha ebe obibi bụ akụkụ ebe ndịda nke North America, South America, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ ebe okpomọkụ agwaetiti (Madagascar, Cuba, Hawaii, British Virgin Islands , na ndị ọzọ.).

Representatives infraorder iguanas nwere ike mata site a ji mara ukwuu elongated ruru plevrodontnyh ezé nke ala agha. Ọzọkwa akụkụ pụrụ iche bụ ọnụnọ nke iguanas na azụ na ọdụ spiny riiji, uru nke nke na-abụkarị ibu na ụmụ nwoke. Ụkwụ iguana ngwere na-onwem na 5 mkpịsị aka, nke na-topped site claws (talons na Original Mix umu bụ ogologo oge karịa na terrestrial nnọchiteanya). Ke adianade do, iguania bụ growths na isi yiri a okpu agha, na akpịrị pouches, ngwá ọrụ na-eje ozi egosi egwu, nakwa dị ka egwu na-akpọ ọrụ dị mkpa mating.

The ahu udi nke iguana bụ tumadi nke abụọ na ụdị:

1. High abịakọrọ ahụ n'akụkụ nke were were na-aga n'ime a thickened ọdụ. Nke a ahu udi ike tumadi ịchọta ndị mmadụ bi na osisi, n'ihi na ihe atụ ndị genus Polychrus na South American ebe obibi.
2. Esisịt disk ekara ahu - osobo nnọchiteanya iguania adị ndụ n'ụwa.

gekkota

The infraorder gekkota agụnye ezinụlọ Tsepkopalye, pygopodidae na eublepharinae. Na a ananu niile nnọchiteanya nke infraorder a akpan akpan chromosome set na a pụrụ iche na ogwe aka na nti. Kasị gekkota nwere zygomatic njiko, na asụsụ ha nwere oké na gbara mkpị.

• Family Gekkonovyh (tsepkopalyh) ngwere bi Earth ruo ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 50 afọ. Ọkpọ a ngwere na n'ahụ ndị na-emegharị na-na ụwa nile. Ha nwere ihe kasị ọtụtụ ebe obibi ma na-ekpo ọkụ climates na na ọnọdụ latitudes. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke umu nke ezinụlọ ihe karịrị otu puku.
• Pygopodidae ezinụlọ bụ otu n'ime ndị legless ngwere, anya yiri nnọọ ka agwọ. Ka iche ha si agwọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe e ji mara ịpị ụda, nke na ha na-emepụta na-ekwurịta okwu ọ bụla ọzọ. Isi dị ka agwọ, ogologo, were were na-agafe n'ime ọdụ, nke a na-emegharị ka autotomy. ngwere isi kpuchie symmetrical flaps. Population mkpa pygopodidae 7 genera na 41 umu. Ebe obibi - Australia, Guinea na nso ala ebe.
• Eublepharinae ezinụlọ - a obere ngwere na a ogologo banyere 25 cm na variegated coloration, nocturnal. N'ahọ, ndi udia on ụmụ ahụhụ. Ha na-ebi na American, Asian na African kọntinent.

scincomorpha

Representatives scincomorpha ngwere agbasa na niile kọntinent na a nwayọọ, ebe okpomọkụ na subtropical climates. Ihe ọ bụ ndị bi n'ala, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọkara aquatic nnụnụ, bụ ndị iwepụtakwu oge na ndụ ha na osisi. Nke a infraorder agụnye ndị na-esonụ, n'ezinụlọ n'ezinụlọ:

• Efere-tailed ezinụlọ - onye nke kasị ọtụtụ nke nhazi ọkwa Ọdịdị, nke na-agụnye banyere 130 genera na ihe karịrị otu puku umu. N'ịgbasa fọrọ nke nta n'ụwa nile, ma e wezụga Antarctica. Ha na-ebi ukwuu n'ime ke ebe okpomọkụ na mpaghara, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere na-anya site ụwa. The kasị biri bi na ezinụlọ a nke Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia na Africa. Efere-tailed ngwere bịa dị iche iche nha, dị iche iche iche iche na nso 8-70 cm.
• Family latsertidy ma ọ bụ lacertidae nwere 42 genera na 307 umu. Emegharị bi na dị iche iche nke eke zones: na steppes, oké ọhịa, ịkpa, ugwu na ọbụna marshlands. Gbasaa Eurasia na Africa (na wezụga nke. Madagascar). Latsertidy - ngwere ndị tumadi obere na-ajụ-sized, ma e nwere nnukwu umu, dị ka pearl ngwere. Food - ọkacha mma carnivore (ụmụ ahụhụ, obere invertebrates).
• Teiidae ezinụlọ (11 genera, 129 umu) bi na South America Afrika na ndịda nke North America. Akụkụ ngwere mbio 8 cm 1.5 m A mara mma bụ ire gbara mkpị ka ngwere, n'ihi na nke ha natara a abụọ aha -. American ngwere. Ọchịchọ ịmata eziokwu ahụ bi na nke ụfọdụ na umu na-gụnyere nanị nwanyị, ha dina n'enweghị akwa àkwá, nke na-eme naanị a nwanyị.
• Cordylidae ezinụlọ (banyere 70 umu) biri efekarị na mpaghara nke Africa. Ha nwere ike ịchọta na a pụrụ iche nnukwu akpịrịkpa, n'okpuru nke e nwere ọkpụkpụ efere. Isi akpịrịkpa ribbed gụchaa azụ na switches na ọdụ n'ógbè sara mbara yiri mgbaaka, nko ọdụ. Ngwere-Cordylidae ogologo iru ruo 40 cm.
• Gerrhosauridae ezinụlọ biri efekarị na ọkara efekarị na mpaghara nke Africa. Ha na-ma terrestrial na ọkara aquatic si ebi ndụ. Obi siri ike paws ekwe gerrhosauridae deftly ịrị na nkume. Ha nwere a yiri Ọdịdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ efere-tailed ngwere nke ezinụlọ na ndị nkịtị e ji mara nke esịtidem Ọdịdị na-emebu ngwere.
• Gimnoftalmidy ezinụlọ ibi niile South America na n'ebe ndịda Central America. Nwere n'etiti ndị obere ngwere, ndị okenye bụ ndị na-eto eto aka 6 cm. Gimnoftalmidy ebi n'ọhịa, na ọbụna ugwu, nwere a yiri teiidae na mîdaha banyere iri ise ịmụ nwa na abụọ na narị abụọ umu.
• Night ngwere ezinụlọ wee aha ya n'ihi na nke ụzọ ndụ n'ụbọchị ngwere zoo, pụta n'abalị na chu nta ụmụ ahụhụ na spiders. A ole na ole ezinụlọ (18 umu) biri efekarị na mpaghara na nkume teren, okenye ogologo adịkarịghị karịa 15 cm.

Veretenitseobraznye ngwere

Infraorder veretenitseobraznyh ngwere ji obere akpịrịkpa na unjoint n'etiti a ala ọkpụkpụ efere. N'etiti veretenitseobraznyh ngwere ime ka a legless umu na ngwere na ot Ọdịdị nke ahụ ahụ na ise-na-atụ aka na ụkwụ. Infraorder agụnye atọ n'ezinụlọ n'ezinụlọ:

• Ksenozavry ezinụlọ dị iche iche na ndị ọzọ na ezinụlọ nke N'ịdị mmepe, na ndị na-abụghị edo akpịrịkpa. Ọ na-egosi na ọnụnọ nke ibughari mbubere na ịnụ oghere. The ezinụlọ na-agụnye naanị abụọ iche iche nke ebe obibi na Central America na China.
• Veretenitsievye ezinụlọ nwere ike jaws, ruo eruo na masịrị ezé. Nke a bụ tumadi carnivorous ngwere, ekpe ndụ ịmụ nwa. The ezinụlọ na-agụnye banyere 10 genera na 80 umu hụrụ tumadi na Americas. The size nke ndị toworo eto bụ na gburugburu 50-60 cm.
• Legless ezinụlọ nwere nanị abụọ umu na ebe na Mexico na California. Ji a enweghị aka na ụkwụ, anụ oghere bụrụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ efere.

varanoidea ngwere

Varanoidea infraorder agụnye otu genus - Nyochaa ngwere - na banyere 70 umu. Ngwere ebi Africa, na wezụga nke o.Madagaskar, Australia na New Guinea. The kasị ibu umu ngwere, Komodo monitor bụ ezigbo ndekọ n'etiti niile ụdị ngwere na size, ogologo ya bụ 3 mita, na ibu 120 n'arọ. Ya nri abalị nwere ike ịbụ a dum ezi. The kasị nta umu monitor ngwere (Varan mkpụmkpụ-tailed) anaghị gafere 28 cm n'ogologo.

Varan ngwere Description: elongated ahu, elongated n'olu, N'ịdị poluvypravlennom ọnọdụ, a ire gbara mkpị. Ngwere - naanị genus nke ngwere, onye okpokoro isi bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu ossified, ke n'akụkụ na-gụrụ ntị oghere. Anya na-ọma mepụtara, nyere na a gburugburu nwa akwụkwọ na ibughari nkuchianaya. Akpịrịkpa na azụ mejupụtara a obere oval ma ọ bụ gburugburu efere na efere afọ iri a akụkụ anọ udi na a polygonal isi. Ike ahụ ọgwụgwụ, ọ bụghị obere ike ọdụ na ngwere na-enwe ike iji chebe onwe ha, na-emeso arọ na-efega na onye-iro. Na ngwere, na-eduga aquatic ụzọ ndụ, ndị na ọdụ na-eji n'ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe gwuo mmiri Original Mix umu, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe na-agbanwe na tenacious, na-enyere ịrị alaka. Ngwere si dị iche na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ngwere obi Ọdịdị (Anọ ulo), yiri mammals, mgbe obi ngwere si ọzọ infraorders nwere atọ ese foto.

Site n'ụzọ ndụ n'etiti ngwere na-adịkwaghị terrestrial umu, ma e nwere ndị na-eji a otutu oge na mmiri osisi. Organism ngwere na-emegharị ka ndụ dị iche iche ebe, ha nwere ike dị na mbara ọzara, na oké ọhịa, na na n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a anụ na-arụsi ọrụ ke uwemeyo, na abụọ na umu na-herbivorous ngwere. Eri anụ carnivorous ngwere ndị a dịgasị iche iche nke mollusks, ụmụ ahụhụ, azụ, agwọ (ọbụna egbu egbu!), Birds, nākpu akpu, àkwá, ndị ọzọ ngwere, na nnukwu ngwere na-abụkarị cannibalistic, na-eri ha na-eto eto na-emebi emebi agbata obi. All ụdị monitor ngwere na-ezo aka egg-ebikwasị ngwere.

Nyochaa ngwere dị mkpa ọ bụghị nanị dị a njikọ nke nri yinye maka nso nke ha ebe obibi, ma n'ihi na anthropological eme. N'ihi ya, ndị a na ngwere akpụkpọ eji na akwa ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a na ihe onwunwe dị iche iche dị na akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ọbụna haberdashery. Na ụfọdụ na-ekwu, ndị obodo ahụ na-eji anụ nke anụmanụ ndị a ihe oriri. Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, na ngwere ọbara na-eji maka mmepụta nke antiseptics. Na, n'ezie, a ngwere na-abụkarị ndị bi terrariums.

dibamidae

Infraorder dibamidae mejupụtara otu ezinụlọ, ndị bụ obere, legless mmadụ na yiri ikpuru. Ha na-ebi na ala na na-burrowing si ebi ndụ. Ekesa dị n'oké ọhịa ebe ke Indonesia, na Philippines, India, China, New Guinea.