Niobium gbalaga: mmepụta, Njirimara, ngwa

Niobium - chemical mmewere na ọnụọgụ nzùrùòkè 41. Ya na nke mbụ chọpụtara na n'oge XIX narị afọ, ma ya ude na-yigharịrị maka afọ 150. Naanị na 1950, a onwe cell na oge table e ekenyela mkpebi nke International Union of Applied na usoro iwu Chemistry atọm. Iji jiri na ịba uru dị ka ihe mmewere na ndị ụlọ ọrụ, ọ na-mere si a warara nke niobium. Onwe ya, ọ na-adịghị enweta ihe ọ bụla pụrụ iche. Ọ mara ya zuru nwere mgbe na-eke alloys, ngwọta ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ ọ mebere.

mmịpụta nke niobium

Niobium ore inwetara - a nnọọ mgbagwoju na oké ọnụ usoro. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọdịnaya na onye tonne nke oké nkume adịghị gafere 24 grams. Ọzọkwa, mmewere n'ihi yiri chemical Njirimara dị nnọọ ike ịmata ihe dị iche site na tantalum.

N'okpuru eke ọnọdụ hụrụ naanị na dịsasịrị ụdị - na igneous nkume na kristal, nakwa dị ka a akụkụ nke ụfọdụ minerals - pyrochlore loparite, columbite-tantalite. Nke a mmewere nke nke mgbe usoro na-amịpụtara tumadi si gosi ogige. niobium mmepụta mejupụtara atọ nkebi:

1. Otopsii nkume na a elu ọdịnaya nke niobium ihe.
2. Alaka nke niobium tantalum, na-akwadebe dị ọcha ogige.
3. Recovery na-ọcha nke metal na ya alloys si adịghị.

Ndabere nke mmepụta okirikiri elu elu-okpomọkụ thermal Filiks eji aluminum, sodium ma ọ bụ carbon. Ozugbo iyipu niobium powder kwadebere site na ịpị, sintering nke ntụ ntụ "cubes" na vacuo, na elektrọn-doo aak agbaze.

bara uru Njirimara

Ruru ya pụtara ìhè e ji mara niobium na-eji na ọtụtụ ọrụ. Ikwado mmejuputa bụ isi mmewere na ndị mejupụtara usoro, mere dị iche iche akpọrepu ngwaahịa, gụnyere niobium warara. Isi nọ n'ọrụ mgwa na nke a bụ niobium carbide, na nwere mmetụta bara uru na n'ibu Njirimara nke ihe. N'ihi doping kwa ton nke ígwè na-achọ naanị 200 grams nke niobium. Ihe alloy elu ekweghị ekwe na ductility, ala friability, mma corrosion eguzogide. The mmewere eji maka nchebe na-abụghị ferrous ọla, karịsịa aluminum, si alkalis na asịd.

The ojiji nke niobium

Niobium warara na-akasị ji dị ka a dopant ike ma alloys si ferrous na ferrous ọla. The isi ngwa ndị niobium rọketi, na redio na electronic engineering, chemical ngwa ewu, Aeronautical na astronautical engineering.

Ngwa nke dara ma ọ bụ dị ọcha niobium ruru ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ya bara uru Njirimara. N'etiti ha pụta ìhè refractoriness, iguzogide corrosion, ikike dịkwuo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide nke ihe na ha conductive ikike.

Unique quality, nke nwere a niobium warara bụ fọrọ efu mmekọrịta isotope nke uranium na okpomọkụ nke ruo 1100 degrees Celsius. Ọzọkwa, atọm nwere ala wuru radioactivity. All a na-eme ya kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na nchedo nke nuclear ngwa agha, nakwa dị ka containers maka nchekwa nke nọrọ redioaktivu mmanụ ụgbọala.

Production nke niobium

Of niobium metal ngwaahịa ndị tumadi na-egbo mkpa nke nuclear ụlọ ọrụ. E akpụkpọ ahụ kwadebere na ya maka uranium na plutonium teplovyvodyaschih ọcha, containers maka na ịchekwa mmiri mmiri ọla, ikuru anwụrụ ọkụ siga. Ngwaahịa mere nke niobium ji kee oké ọrụ Mgbakọ. Na ya, na-ebelata-eguzogide ndị na-eduzi, si otú inweta cryotrons - sverhvysokoprovodyaschie kọmputa ọcha. Na Austria, ọlaọcha na niobium alloy eji maka minting nke ego mkpoko.