Nka na ụzụ na sayensị. Brief akụkọ ihe mere eme, ihe atụ

Engineering - bụ a mgbagwoju nke sayensị na inyocha technosphere ma ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ya mmepe nke onu. The mbụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị mere a oké onyinye mmepe nke oru sayensi bu Heron, Archimedes, Papp, Leonardo da Vinci Vitruvius. Nke mbụ n'ime ha na sayensị na-a ụgbọ. Ọzọkwa, a ịrịba onyinye mmepe nke technology mere ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka William Sana'a, Rodzher Bekon, Thomas Bradwardine, Uffano D., J .. Vignola, W. Gelbert.

Ruo mgbe banyere narị afọ nke 19, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị-dịpụrụ adịpụ na abụọ iche iche nke sayensị: na Humanities na eke. Engineering were onye n'etiti ọnọdụ. Mgbe niile, technology - a ngwaahịa kere nwoke na ahụghị ke uwa. N'otu oge ahụ na ọ bụ isiokwu niile na otu iwu dị ka eke ihe. The isi ọrụ nke teknuzu sayensị bụ ịmụ iwu nke mmadụ mere phenomena na mmekọrịta ha na ndị eke sayensị.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ na-agụnye nchoputa na rụzuru nke oké mmadụ. Anyị na-ekwu okwu na nke abụọ a ma ama Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na - banyere Lomonosov na Mendeleev.

M. V. Lomonosov - oké Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere na geographer, mmiri ọgwụ na physics, enyocha mbara igwe na ngwá eso, na-amụ eke na oru sayensi. Tọrọ bụ isi iwu nke sayensị nke iko, e na-emepe emepe a prototype nke helikọpta, dị ka ọ bụ nke na nchọpụta nke ihe ikuku gburugburu planet Venus. M ike na a oru ngo a maara ugbu a Moscow University, nke e mesịrị aha ya bụ na ya nsọpụrụ.

D. I. Mendeleev - Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ ọgwụ, metrology engineer, geologist na meteorologist, Economist, ngwá na balloonist. Ihe kasị mkpa na a maara nke ọma sayensị - bụ na oge iwu nke chemical ọcha. Ọ chọpụtakwara na oké egwu okpomọkụ, nyochaworo onu nke isomorphism, kere a na ngwaọrụ na-ekpebi ndị njupụta nke mmiri mmiri (pycnometer), bụ akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ọgụgụ "Organic Chemistry".

Gịnị bụ oru sayensi? Ndị a bụ nanị ihe atụ ụfọdụ.

• Architecture - bụ nkà nke emebe ma na-ewu ihe owuwu dị iche iche ụlọ, nke dị mkpa maka a onye nke ya kwa ụbọchị. Ọzọkwa ije akpọ udi owuwu.
• Ozi technology - ọ bụ a na-eto eto aka ná ntị na-amụ metụtara ndị collection, nchekwa na ojiji nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ozi na ebe nke mmadụ ọrụ.
• Space - bụ a technology na sayensị ọzọ ke ohere site manned na unmanned ugbo ala.
• Arụzi - a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke physics na-amụ ije na na mmekọrịta nke ozu. Nke a sayensị nwere ike kere n'ime ọtụtụ ngalaba - oge gboo, relativistic na kwantum arụzi.
• Mechanical engineering - a akuku onye ozi bụ chepụta ma Nlụpụta nile di iche iche nke ngwá, ngwaọrụ, agbachitere ngwaahịa na n'ji ngwongwo. Kewara ngụkọta, arọ, ọkara na mma.
• Chemical technology - na ụlọ ọrụ na-ịgagharị kasị environmentally friendly na-eri-irè ụzọ na-esi n'aka na nhazi nke eke ihe n'ime n'etiti ngwaahịa na n'ji na ngwaahịa. Kewara organic na inorganic.
• Ọdụdọ Engineering - bụ alaka nke engineering sayensị nke na-amụrụ mmepụta, nkesa na ojiji nke eletrik ike. Ọ e wepụtara na onwe ha nke physics sayensị na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19.
• Nuclear Energy - Energy bụ, nke na-amịpụta na okpomọkụ na ọkụ eletrik site n'ịtụgharị (mmeghachi omume nke nuclear fission nke uranium ma ọ bụ plutonium) nuclear ike.
• Na technical sayensị na-agụnye biotechnology, shipbuilding, nkà mmụta banyere ígwè, ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na usoro engineering, astronomy na astrophysics, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ọrụ.

Basic ụzọ nke engineering sayensị - bụ a na kọmputa na mgbakọ na mwepụ ịme ngosi uwe emejuputa ma ọ bụ chọrọ owuwu.