Nke Russian Satellites a ncheta ke Moscow? Ncheta nke mbụ satellite

Tupu anyị chọpụta ihe Russian satellite ncheta ke Moscow, bụ ịghọta ihe bụ nke a ugbo elu. Weere wuru satellite nke Earth, kere ụmụ mmadụ aka (n'adịghị Ọnwa, nke bụ eke satellite) akpụ akpụ tinyere a ụzọ na udi nke ihe ellipse gburugburu Earth tinyere a geostationary orbit. Iji maka igwe batara a orbit, ọ dị mkpa na ya na-agba ihe karịrị mbụ ohere, ma ihe na-erughị nke abụọ ohere.

Space ọnụego maka keakamere Satellites

Nke a pụtara na ihe niile ndị wuru Satellites ga ofufe n'ime ohere na a ọsọ nke karịa 7.9 kilomita \ s, wee ghara ịda azụ ụwa elu, ma na-erughị 11.2 km \ s na adịghị akpali n'ime-emeghe ohere. Rịba ama na mbụ na nke abụọ w ọsọ - dị iche iche dị iche iche n'eluigwe na. Dị ka ihe atụ, nke abụọ ụzọ mgbapụ ike ọsọ maka Ọnwa bụ naanị 2.4 km \ s, dị ka ihe a na-bụ ihe na-erughị mbara ala anyị, na n'ihi na a oghere ojii ike ọsọ chọrọ ikwụpu si na ya na-emeghe ohere, ga-adị ukwuu karịa ọsọ nke ìhè. Ikekwe nke a bụ ya mere nwa oghere na-adịghị n'ebe ọ bụla eke Satellites, ma ọ bụ aka wuru.

Ncheta nke mbụ satellite nke Earth guzosie ike a afọ mgbe mwepụta nke a ngwaọrụ ke Moscow Metro na Riga. A mba na zitere mbụ mmadụ mere ugboelu n'ime orbit bụ Soviet Union. The igba egbe onwe ya ẹkenịmde na mmalite nke October 1957 na Department of Defense Research polygon "Tyr E", nke ga-aghọ cosmodrome "Baikonur". Na-akwadebe maka nke mbụ ụgbọ elu bụ ihe karịrị afọ iri. Enye ada ọrụ rọketi emepụta mara engineer Sergei Korolev.

The atụ ọnọdụ nke satellite na ncheta

Ncheta nke mbụ satellite e kere site na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ọkpụ V.Kartsevym S.Kovnerom. Ọ bụ a asaa mita ọla ọgụgụ nke a onye yi uwe dị ka a ọrụ, onye nọgidere na-gbatịrị elu bọl anya nke ya antennas. N'ezie, ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnọdụ nke satellite nanị n'ụzọ ihe atụ, ebe ọ bụ ọbụna mfe igwe, nke bụ nke mbụ na satellite nwere ike ịbụ a nnọọ arọ arọ. Ka ihe atụ, PS-1, e gosiri na sculptural otu, ntukwasi banyere 84 n'arọ, gụnyere abụọ nnọọ obere ammamihe (0.58 mita n'obosara). Ammamihe na-achụpụ site na aluminum alloy Kaakwa onye ọ bụla ọzọ atọ na iri na abuo n'ise. Kaakwa ya akara site a dị mfe roba akara.

Ihe karịrị 1,400 orbits gburugburu uwa

abụọ antennas mere ndokwa n'elu nke satellite, ọ bụla nke nwere alaka abụọ nke 2.4 na 2.9 mita, na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ike ebe silver-zinc accumulative usoro (ntukwasi 50 n'arọ), okpomọkụ sensọ, nrụgide sensọ, cabling, redio, thermostat, duct usoro maka nduzi na onye ofufe. Satellite orbits na mbara ala na 96 nkeji na a obere, o mere ka ihe karịrị 1400 ibe na hapụrụ orbit na January 1958. Nke ahụ bụ ihe Russian satellite ncheta ke Moscow.

The ncheta nwere a abụọ na obodo ọzọ

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ kama a ncheta nke Soviet oge, nakwa dị ka abụọ nke ncheta na ike ebe ke Rostov-on-Don. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a na Russia, a nweta na-nadigh anwu anwu na a ncheta nke Queen, nke meghere ke 2007, October 4, n'ụbọchị nke iri ise ncheta nke egbe nke mbụ wuru Earth satellite.

Mmewere ọkpụkpụ gara ogologo

Nke Russian Satellites a ncheta ke Moscow na nso nso? Na 2012, tupu Medico-Biological Agency mgbagwoju (Federal) na-etinye a ncheta, nke dabeere na satellite Capsule, gara ozugbo na ohere na pụrụ iche njem na osisi. Space crews nke ikpeazụ emana, tumadi gụnyere enwe, nke na mgbe ụfọdụ "na-ụlọ ọrụ 'ọzọ umu.

Ngwaọrụ a na ụmụ anụmanụ ntukwasi 6.3 tọn

Satellites ndu nzube (na-amalite ndụ) amalitela ịzụlite OKB-1 (Kuibyshev Branch) fọrọ nke nta ka ozugbo na ụgbọ elu A.Gagarina n'ime oghere ná mmalite 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Ha peculiarity bụ na mgbe ịtụkwasị na orbit ha kwaga na free mode enweghị na-emetụta nghazi nke usoro inye nnọọ ọcha pụta nwere na ọnọdụ nke weightlessness. The mbụ nkeji nke usoro isiokwu a itu banyere 6.3 tọn, naanị 0,7 tọn na a arọ nke ngwá onwe ya na-egosipụta na ala orbit site ụgbọelu Tammy "Soyuz-U". Ọtụtụ mgbe "eziga" e rụrụ site Plesetsk. Atụmatụ na kacha elu oge bụ banyere a ọnwa - a bụ oge ndaba nke anụmanụ ndụ support usoro, mgbe nke igwe ala na a parachute usoro na nso Kazakhstan (n'okpuru Kostanay).

Ha nyeere ịzụlite ohere

Ncheta enyi dị otú ahụ a plan setịpụrụ ohere. Naanị iri na otu Satellites na ulo oru n'etiti 1973 na 1996, nke nọ na-agba maka ise na ọ fọrọ nke nta 19 ụbọchị na-arụpụta nke ọmụmụ nyere ọtụtụ data banyere omume nke ndu eme ntule na ohere. Pioneers na 1973 na ụdị ngwaọrụ aghọwo 45 òké, na igba egbe nke atọ omume nweela ihe mba agwa. Na na N'ezie nke na-arụ ọrụ na-anọ satellite wụnye a nnọọ eziokwu dị mkpa - na steeti ahụ ike nke oke nọ ohere a Obere-centrifuge (wuru ndọda), ọ bụ nnọọ mma karịa ala nke ndị ọzọ nke oke nọ free ọdịda. Ke akpatre e nwere a mgbanwe nke uru ahụ, mụbara fragility ụkwụ. Ya mere, na nke ugbu a na mba uwa ebe ndị mmadụ a awa ole na ole a ụbọchị na-emefu na-amụ iji belata emerụ mmetụta weightlessness na ahu. Na ihe a niile a chọpụtara na n'ihi òké.

Olee otú ịhọrọ ke "astronauts"?

"Bion" - satellite nke otu usoro nke ngwaọrụ, nke a rụgharịrị n'okpuru pụrụ iche usoro ihe omume, malite na nke isii ọsọ. N'ebe a, astronauts malitere rhesus enwe, nke nwere ịgbacha imewe nke ụgbọ mmiri, dị ka anụmanụ ndị budata ibu na echeta karịa aga umu. Gaje Ịbụ achọ ịbata na-ahọrọ na Sukhumi ọta akara. The astronauts were naanị-eto eto ụmụ nwoke, na nhọrọ wee ebe ọ bụla afọ atọ, mgbe nke afọ abụọ e nọrọ na ọzụzụ. Enwe A kụziiri pịa dị iche iche mkpọchi, pedal na levers, dabere n'ókè na ìhè osisi. Dị ka ihe ike, ha nyere Rosehip uche, nke ha na-aṅụ site na a pụrụ iche nozulu. Macaques ọ bụla e enịm ke iche iche n'ime Capsule na-ekwe omume nke visual na kọntaktị site na pụrụ iche windo nke.

Site a sample nke iri abụọ na ndị mmadụ, n'oge gara aga ọzụzụ Baikonur dara nanị ọkara iri macaques, nke na na saịtị họọrọ abụọ na-ekenye ha a aha ya n'usoro abiidii. N'ihi ya, na ohere nke mbụ primates gara Abrek na Bion (1983). Nke a igba egbe bụ onye kasị adịteghị, nanị awa ise, dị ka otu n'ime macaques tọhapụrụ ubọk, dọwa isi electrodes, nke akụkụ e tinyere n'ime ụbụrụ. Satellite ọma rutere na mgbe ghara ịgbanwe nke mbụ enwe astronauts gaa biri na a ulo nkita.

Next batara orbit mpako na Ezi (1985), na mgbe ahụ na ruffling Sandman (1987). Nke a na igba egbe na-bụ nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma, dị ka ndị ruffled tọhapụrụ akara usoro, ke adianade do, usoro mebiri ọkọnọ nri, maka ihe primates. The satellite nwere jide n'oge, na ọdịda bụ nnọọ ike, n'ihi na ihe nọdụrụ na oyi ọhịa nke Yakutia. Fọrọ nke nta niile astronauts, gụnyere ka na oke, na ikpuru, newts, ijiji ọbọhọ, ọ bụghị nanị kechioma azụ guppies. Sandman wee ibughari onwe ya, Fidel Castro, ebute ya a ọma ndụ na nsọpụrụ na Cuba.

All laghachi mma na ụda ya, ma ...

Gịnị a Capsule guzo na dịkọrọ ndụ ncheta "Bion"? Moscow natara a òkè nke satellite, onye so na-anọ na-agba ọsọ. Inside ezi okirikiri, gbara gburugburu ncheta n'oyiyi nke nku, na 1989 ama n'ime uwa macaque Zhakonya na arụrụala. Ụdi njem ndị mmadụ merela 1992 na 1996, wee ebe na òkè nke crumbles na Ivashov, nakwa dị ka cartoons na Lapicque karị. Ha niile laghachi n'enweghị, naanị cartoons ama kara aka na-anwụ na ụwa n'ihi ekweghị ibe nọrọ na ná Nkụnwụ Ahụ, nke o mere mgbe ụgbọ elu n'oge nke ịwa ahụ. Ọ maara na Crawshaw biri ruo ọtụtụ afọ mgbe alọta ohere, na Lapik bi na a ulo nkita na Adler. All nke ha na ha elu, tinyere 37 ndị ọzọ ụdị anụmanụ na-ekwe ka ịnwapụta ekwe omume nke ụmụ mmadụ ogologo ọnụnọ ke ohere. Nke ahụ bụ ihe Russian satellite ncheta ke Moscow, Volokolamsk Highway, Iwuli 30, Iwuli 1.