Nkọlọ: circuit Ọdịdị

Nkọlọ bụ a muscular warara tube. Ọ bụ ọwa site na nke na-nri na-na-akpụ akpụ. Human esophageal ogologo nke iji nke 25 sentimita. Ọzọ, tụlee ngalaba na ihe zuru ezu. Chọpụta ebe nkọlọ na ụmụ mmadụ, nke implements ọrụ. Ke ibuotikọ emi ị ga-amụta banyere mmiri nke ngalaba, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kasị pathologies ahu.

ozi izugbe

Nkọlọ na afo onye - abụọ consecutive gị. Nke abụọ bụ ala. The mbụ dị na mpaghara nke 6 cervical thoracic vertebrae na 11. Gịnị bụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ na nkọlọ? Ọ mejupụtara atọ akụkụ. The ngalaba na-agụnye abdominal, thoracic na cervical ebe. N'ihi na ihe doo anya, n'okpuru bụ a esereese mmadụ na nkọlọ. The ngalaba na-ugbu sphincters - elu na ala. Ha na-egwu ọrụ nke valves iji hụ unidirectional eruba n'ime nri site na digestive tract. Sphincters gbochie penetration nke ike ike ọdịnaya site na afo n'ime nkọlọ, mgbe ahụ, pharynx na-edeghị ede oghere. nwekwara ibelata ugbu ke ngalaba. All ise n'ime ha. Abụọ ibelata - pharyngeal na diaphragmatic - atụle anatomical. Atọ n'ime ha - bronchial, gbasara obi na aortic - bụ n'ahụ. Nke ahụ bụ, ke ofụri ofụri, na Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ na nkọlọ. Ọzọkwa ọzọ zuru ezu anya na ihe kasị nke shei ahu.

mmadụ esophageal Mmebe

The ngalaba nwere mgbidi wuru nke mucosa, submucosa, na muscular na adventitial n'ígwé. Ikpeazụ na n'elu nke kaadị a kpụrụ striated emep uta eri. Odika n'ógbè 2/3 (agụta site n'elu) nke ihe owuwu na-dochie anya ezigbo muscle. The muscular oyi akwa bụ ugbu abụọ n'ígwé: ihe dị n'ime okirikiri na elu longitudinal. Mucous ekpuchi ewepụghị stratified epithelium. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke a shei nwere glands na-emeghe n'ime ahu lumen. The mucous akpụkpọ ahụ nwere a akpụkpọ ụdị. Ewepụghị stratified epithelium dabeere na ezi-na-eriri na ejikọta emep uta eri. Nke a intrinsic cladding oyi akwa esịnede collagen owuwu. Ọzọkwa ugbu ke epithelium na connective anụ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ retikulinovye emep uta eri. Own cladding oyi akwa gụnyere n'ime ya na ụdị papillae. Ke ofụri ofụri, mmadụ esophageal Mmebe bụ nnọọ mfe. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa ọ bụghị nke ukwuu, otú ọtụtụ ihe aga-eme na-emejuputa atumatu na eriri afọ tract.

mmadụ esophageal ọrụ

Nke a ngalaba anamde ọtụtụ ihe aga-eme. Na mmadụ esophageal ọrụ bụ iji hụ na nkwalite nke nri. Nke a ihe ahụ dị mezuru site motility, muscle mkpi, mgbanwe nsogbu na ike ndọda. Ọzọkwa, na mgbidi nke ngalaba secreted imi. Ọ dere na bolus, nke mmemmem ya penetration n'ime gastric oghere. Ọzọkwa na ọwa Aims iji hụ nchedo nke nloghachi nnata ọdịnaya elu eriri afọ tract. Nke a na atụmatụ na-emejuputa atumatu site sphincter.

emeghasịkwa nke

Atụnyere njupụta nke abnormalities nke na nkọlọ na afo, i nwere ike na-achọpụta ihe ndị a: The akpa achọpụtara bụ ugbu a ihe ugboro ugboro. Nọmalị nabatara nri gafee na-enweghị nkwụsị. Ọ na-kweere na a onye na nkọlọ bụ obere susceptible ka ndị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ iwe. Ke ofụri ofụri, a ngalaba bụ nnọọ mfe na ya Ọdịdị. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụfọdụ nuances ya Ọdịdị. Taa, ndị ọkachamara na-amụ ọtụtụ ndị ẹdude congenital na enwetara malformations ngalaba. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na dọkịta ịchọpụta ndiiche mmewere nke sphincter ejikọta afo na nkọlọ. Ọzọ pụtara nkịtị ntụpọ-atụle ga-isi ike-elo ihe. Na nke a enweghị nchịkwa ọnọdụ ụmụ mmadụ na nkọlọ belata n'obosara (ejikari ọ bụ 2.3 cm).

mgbaàmà nke ọrịa

Ọtụtụ mgbe esophageal daa ọrịa na-adịghị esonyere site na ihe ọ bụla ihe mgbaàmà. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya pụrụ iduga nnọọ oké njọ pụta. A na njikọ na ọ dị mkpa ntị ka ọbụna n'onye kasị nta, ndị yiri ihe mgbaàmà. Ọ bụrụ na ahụrụ ọ bụla chere na i kwesịrị ozugbo gaa a dọkịta. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị nkịtị mgbaàmà nke esophageal abnormalities ga-kwuru:

• Nrekasi obi.
• Ighe ughere.
• Epigastric mgbu.
• Ihe isi ike na-agafe nri.
• Sensashion nke a akpụ na akpịrị.
• Mgbu na ebe nke na nkọlọ na usoro nke na-eri.
• Hiccups.
• Vomiting.

spasm

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe isi ike na Itie nri metụtara na spastic contractions nke esophageal uru. Na-emekarị nke a ọnọdụ na-hụrụ na-eto eto. Yikarịrị ịzụlite ọdịdị ihu spasm, n'okpuru ogwe na akwusighi ji Central ụjọ usoro. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị ọnọdụ pụtara na ọnọdụ nke nrụgide, ngwa ngwa absorption nke nri, general nervosa. Na elu na-agba, na ojiji nke mmadụ na nkọlọ ngwaahịa doro n'ibu iyatesịt. N'ihi ya, ọ na-amalite a spasm on mpiaji larịị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị muscle mkpi hụrụ na ebe nke na nkọlọ na afo njikọ. Na nke a, na e nwere a cardiospasm. Tụlee ọnọdụ a na zuru ezu.

cardiospasm

Nke a ọnọdụ na-esonyere mmụba nke na nkọlọ. Nke a anomaly e ji a nnukwu abawanye na ya oghere na morphological mgbanwe mgbidi na ndabere nke a nkọ ibelata nke ya gbasara obi n'akụkụ - cardiospasm. Mmụba nke na nkọlọ nwere ike ịzụlite n'ihi dị iche iche esịtidem na mpụga pathogenic ihe, embryogenesis ọrịa, neurogenic dysfunctions, na-eduga atony.

Akpata cardiospasm

Ndiiche steeti a nọgidere na-enwe na-akpasasị uche ọjọọ, ọnyá afọ, ngwọta. Precipitating akpata n'ihu mmepe na-atụle ga mmetụta nke na-egbu egbu ogige. A na-agụnye, nke mbụ niile, kwesịrị ịgụnye di na nwunye na ize ndụ ọrụ, mmanya, ụtaba. Ọ na-enwekwu ohere cardiospasm esophageal stenosis mere site mmeri megide backdrop nke ịba ahụ ọkụ, acha uhie uhie ahụ ọkụ, syphilis na ukwara nta. N'etiti precipitating ihe ogide a pụrụ iche n'ebe dị iche iche pathologies nke diaphragm. A na-agụnye, karịchaa, kwesịrị gụnyere sclerosis oghere. Na-adịghị mma mmetụta na subdiaphragmatic phenomena na abdominal uji eze. Na nke a anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere aerophagia, mgbu, gastroptosis, peritonitis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. Site akpali iche ihe na-agụnye supradiaphragmatic na Filiks. N'etiti ha, akpan akpan, igbunye ihe aortic aneurysm, aorta, pleurisy, mediastinitis. Site neurogenic ihe na-agụnye mmebi akwara na elu ngwa na nkọlọ. Ha nwere ike mere site na ụfọdụ na-efe efe pathologies. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe mere nwere ike ịbụ Measles, ịba ahụ ọkụ, diphtheria, acha uhie uhie ahụ ọkụ, meningoencephalitis, influenza, polio. Ọzọkwa, ka akpali iche ihe na-agụnye nsi-egbu egbu ogige n'ebe ọrụ na n'ụlọ (edu ndú, na mmanya, arsenic, nicotine). Eduga gigantism mgbanwe ụdị congenital esophageal eleghị anya mepụtara na ogbo nke na-amalite amalite ibe edokọbara. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-egosi sclerosis, thinning nke mgbidi.

achalasia

Nsogbu a bụ neuropathic ke uwa. Mgbe e nwere a mebiri esophageal achalasia ọrụ. Na daa ọrịa hụrụ motility ọrịa. The ala sphincter eme ka obturator usoro n'etiti nkọlọ na afo tụfuru ya ike na iji zuru ike. Ugbu a, ndị etiology nke ọrịa bụ amaghi, ma ọkachamara na-ekwu psychogenic, na-efe efe na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa pụrụ ịrịa. A, daa ọrịa achọpụtara n'afọ 20 ruo afọ 40.

Burns

Ha ime mgbe a onye na nkọlọ banye n'ime ụfọdụ chemical ogige. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-natara Burns nke gị, banyere 70% - ụmụaka ruo afọ iri. Nke a na elu pasent bụ n'ihi na ihe nlekọta okenye na ụmụaka ọchịchọ ịmata akpali iche ha nụrụ ụtọ ọtụtụ ihe. Ọtụtụ mgbe a apa ọkụ na nkọlọ ndị okenye na-enweta n'oge penetration n'ime sodium hydroxide, lekwasị acid ngwọta. Obere ọtụtụ, e nwere otu nke mmetụta nke Lysol, phenol. Degree mbibi kpebisiri ike dị na olu na ịta nke compound na banyere n'ime. Mgbe 1 st. Omume mmebi nke elu nke mucous oyi akwa. The abụọ ogo e ji ọnya na uru. Ọkụ na nkọlọ 3 tbsp. esonyere ọnya niile ngalaba nke ngalaba. Na nke a, n'ebe na-adịghị na obodo mgbaàmà, ma nkịtị ịrịba ama: igbu egbu na-akpata. Mgbe ọkụ 2-3 tbsp. kpụrụ cicatricial mgbanwe arọ. Isi mgbaàmà akwado agụụ ike ọkụ sensashion ke inua, akpịrị na obi. Ọtụtụ mgbe, onye bụ onye na-caustic ngwọta ozugbo vomiting emee, e nwere ike ịbụ ọzịza nke egbugbere ọnụ.

mba ọzọ ahụ

Mgbe ụfọdụ, a onye na nkọlọ nweta ihe na-adịghị e mgbari. Na neperezhevannye nri iberibe nwere ike na-eme ka mba ozu. Dị ka omume na-egosi, ọnụnọ nke mba ọzọ ọcha na-chọpụtara ezi mgbe. Foreign ahụ nwere ike ime na nkọlọ dị ka a n'ihi nke oke ngwa ngwa ingestion nke nri, na-achị ọchị ma ọ bụ na-ekwu okwu na-eri nri. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na ngalaba chọpụtara na ọkpụkpụ nke a azụ ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ. Ntoputa nke a mba ọzọ ihe bụ peculiar ka ndị mmadụ nwere a àgwà nke ihe inedible na-ọnụ mgbe niile (akwụkwọ mkpachị, studs, ọkụ, wdg). Dị ka a na-achị, na ahụ nke mgbidi agbakwunyere ihe na a kapịrị ọnụ ọgwụgwụ. Ọ pụrụ ime ka mbufụt.

ọnyá

Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na a enweghị daa ọrịa Cardo, nke na-akpalite penetration n'ime nkọlọ nke gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ. Ọ, n'aka, nwere a proteolytic edinam. Ọtụtụ mgbe esonyere ọnyá nke afo na duodenum 12 ma ọ bụ hainia hiatal. Na-emekarị, na mgbidi onye ọnya na-ahụrụ, ma na ụfọdụ na-chọpụtara na multiple okwu. Mmepe nke esophageal ọnyá site ọtụtụ ihe. Pathology nwere ike a N'ihi ya nke ịwa ahụ, a hainia, ma ọ bụ motility ọrịa. Isi mgbaàmà bụ a na-adịgide adịgide nrekasi obi, ihe mgbu na-akpata breastbone, belching. Mgbe na-eme ka nri na mgbe mgbaàmà ibu ọzọ ufiop. Dị ka mma na-eje ozi oge aa gbara ụka regurgitation afo ọdịnaya.

atresia

Nke a nkwarụ a na-ewere na-nnọọ arọ. Maka ẹkụre daa ọrịa ji ìsì elu na nkọlọ. Belata ya nke mgbe ọ na-agwa ndị oghere eji ekunye ume. Ọtụtụ mgbe megide a ndabere nke esophageal atresia na-mata na ndị ọzọ na ntụpọ na mmepe nke dị iche iche na usoro nke ahu. Na-akpata ọrịa na-ahụta ka anomalies na utero guzobe nke nwa ebu n'afọ. Ọ bụrụ na 4 ma ọ bụ 5 izu nke mmepe na nwa a ga-emetụta ihe ize ndụ, mgbe ahụ, mgbe e mesịrị nwere ike na-amalite a na-ezighị ezi guzobe nke na nkọlọ.