Ntọhapụ nke Budapest ndị agha Soviet

Na March 1944, ndị agha nke 2nd Ukrainian Front ruru n'ókè nke Soviet Union na Romania. Fọrọ nke nta ka afọ atọ, ndị Soviet ndị mmadụ eche ihu a ọbara agha megide Nazi mwakpo n'ókèala ha. Ugbu a ọ bụ free si aja aja otiti niile weghaara Nazi European ókèala. Ma ruo mgbe mmeri ikpeazụ ka ihe karịrị otu afọ.

Naanị na September 1944, ndị agha Soviet jisiri ẹkemụm Bulgaria na Romania na-aga ozugbo ka ala na Hungary na Czechoslovakia. Ọgụ na Hungary dị iche iche ọgba aghara na oké losses. Ke ofụri ofụri, na-arụ ọrụ iji tọhapụ ndị mba emewo ihe karịrị ọnwa isii. Iji ghọta ihe mere ihe ndị a, na-ezo ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Hungary ndidụk agha. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere otú bụ ntọhapụ nke Budapest ndị agha Soviet (mkpirikpi banyere nke a n'isiokwu na).

The entry nke Hungary n'ime agha ndị Soviet Union

Results nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ mere dissatisfaction nke Hungarian ndị mmadụ. Ònye ka furu efu a nnukwu ego nke ha n'ókèala nke mba na-agụ agụụ ka ha lata. Nke a bụ ihe bụ isi ihe mere na ada na ọchịchị nke Miklos Horthy n'ime ogwe aka nke Germany. Ịgbalị Nweta nkwado nke Hitler na ha na-ekwu na Yugoslav na Czech ala, Hungary mara ọkwa ya ndọrọ ego si League of Nations na sonyeere Tripartite mmeko.

De facto, mba banyere World War II na April 1941, ghọọ onye òtù nke Hitler agha na Yugoslavia. The agha ndị Soviet Union malitere Hungary na 27 June 1941. Na ngụkọta, ha e zigara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ihu ọtụtụ narị puku ndị agha, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwụrụ ma ọ bụ na-n'agha na Stalingrad. Ọ ga-kwuru na akụkụ nke 2nd Hungarian Army na Soviet Union karịsịa obi ọjọọ, na-ebibi bụghị nanị ndị agha, ma ndị nkịtị.

Site 1944 ọ bịara doo anya na e meriri Germany - naanị a okwu nke oge. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, ndị ọchịchị Horthy malitere ịchọ a ụzọ nke ndị agha. E nwere mkparita uka na Britain na United States, nke agaghị adị ndị Hitler. Onye Ndú, na-atụ egwu aghụghọ, m nwetara n'ime Hungary nke German agha na ihe e kere eke nke mba pro-German ọchịchị. Njide nke a ma ama na onu ogugu enwere ugbua na-akpọ maka a cessation Jikọrọ Aka mmekọahụ Germany.

Ma ndị a niile na-eme na-adịghị nke ukwuu na ya aka. Ọnọdụ bịara ka njọ na August 1944, mgbe Romania kwụsịrị akwado Germany ma nara okwu nke Soviet Union, ọ mere na n'akụkụ nke na-emegide Hitler mmekota. Horthy mere sikwara ike njite mgbalị kpakorita na Soviet Government na nchupu nke ibe agha ahụ. Ma ndị a atụmatụ na e ghọtara.

Hitler na ya popet ọchịchị n'okpuru idu ndú nke Szálasi Mmetụta ezigbo ụjọ na Hungary. The mba akwụsịla arụmọrụ, niile izi establishments na ngụkọta nchikota ndi mmadu di e kwuru. Hungary kwuru a elu agbụrụ ahụ dum Danube ebe. Ọ maliteghachiri dọrọkwa ndị Juu na-Nazi n'ogige ọnwụ.

Mmalite nke agha arụmọrụ nke Red Army na Hungary

Ịka nkeji nke Red Army na ókèala nke Hungary ịghọta site di ọku eguzogide si Hungarian na German iche iche. Ma, longstanding nduhie na mgbochi Soviet nduhie mere ya ọrụ. Hungary ukwuu n'ime ọbụna reactionary Szálasi ndị dị njikere iji na-akwado ma ọ bụghị ịbanye ná njikọ aka ha na Russia.

N'eziokwu, otu n'ime n'elu agha isi nke Hungary e nwere ndị họọrọ osụhọde aka ha na kwụsị awụfu ọbara. Ya mere, na October o nyefere B. Miklos ọchịagha nke 1st Hungarian Army na-akpọ na redio ndị agha na-eso ihe nlereanya ya. More karịa 10 puku. Ya subordinates nwekwara tọgbọ ngwá agha ha. Ọrụ ndị dị otú e dere ụfọdụ nkeji nke 2nd na 3rd nke Hungarian agha. Ma, ọ bụ a dobe na oké osimiri.

Isi ozi nke ndikan Carpathian- Transylvanian iro otu e kenyere ndị agha nke 2nd Ukrainian Front n'okpuru Marshal Malinovsky na 4th Ukrainian Front n'okpuru iwu nke General Petrov. N'akpọ na a plan ha nwere ẹkemụm na gafee site na Eastern Carpathians, imeri ha, na ịzụlite iwe na mpaghara nke Tisza osimiri.

Ntụziaka isi ọrịa strok nwere ike gbanwere ọtụtụ ugboro. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị agha nke 2nd Ukrainian Front ike jikwaa na-ebu na iji nke GHQ. Gbochie oke iro counterattacks. Ma, n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ndị agha ọnọdụ, ndị agha Malinowski na ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa iji merie ugwu nke Transylvania na-esi Debrecen. Nke a na ime ihe na-emeghị nweta encircled German agha na Carpathians.

The ọhụrụ iwe oge maka 6 October. E wezụga Soviet agha, e gara site 22 Romanian nkewa. The agha nke 2nd Criminal karịrị nnọọ onye iro agha. Nsogbu bụ ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu a n'ihu akara (800 km) na ndị ogbenye lọjistik. Na-ata ụta ya bibiri alaghachi azụ Germany ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na okporo ụzọ gafee Romania.

Jisie na agha ka a na n'akụkụ nke Soviet agha. Germany nanị na-aghọta mkpa nke Ntuziaka na Debrecen, na-etinye isi agha nke dị ná mpụga Budapest. Afterthought, ha ngwa ngwa malitere itu n'okpuru Debrecen ise ígwè nkewa. Ma, ọ bụ akaha.

October 6 malitere a ngwa ngwa tupu nke Soviet agha. All mgbalị ndị Nazi ha kwụsị tupu okpu. Ọ bụghị aka ọ bụla Ngwuputa ụzọ, dịghị airstrikes. Na otu ụbọchị, ndị Red Army merela agadi 50 km, na-eme bukwanu mmebi na ndị ngwá ọrụ nke onye-iro.

Site October 10 Soviet nkewa kpụrụ a 100 kilometa nkpirikpi n'ime onye iro ihe nchebe. October 20, Debrecen jisiri akpatre weghara. Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa nweta ke N'ezie nke na-akpasu iwe, nyere na Debrecen bụ ndị kasị ibu wusiri ike nke ndị Nazi na nke abụọ kasị ukwuu obodo na Hungary.

Agba nke abụọ nke ọrụ Debrecen

Ewoo, na-ewere Debrecen kpamkpam nke egwuregwu na Hungarian agha okpu. The ọzọ ịrịba mmezi bụ obodo Nyiregyhaza. City overlaps kasị adaba ohere ịgafe Tisza River. The iwu nke "South" ndị agha na-elekọta a akuku nke n'ihu, mere ihe nile na-obodo, na n'otu oge ahụ na-agbalị inweta onwe akara Debrecen. Site 22 27 October arọ ọgụ nọ n'ógbè Nyiregyhaza. N'ihi ya, obodo e weere. Ma na ihe na-eri!

The isi soò na nke-akpata ịlụ ọgụ - ígwè agha agha nke General Pileva - ka furu efu fọrọ nke nta 10 puku ndị ọrụ na sergeants, na banyere 17 puku ndị nkịtị, ọtụtụ narị na ngwá agha, 250 tankị na ndị ọzọ na-iro Powers, kwa ezigbo mmebi e mere .... Ma isi ihe - Agha nke Debrecen na October 28 e dechara, na a atọ nke ókèala nke Hungary, bụ nke dị n'aka ndị Soviet agha. The iwe were 23 ụbọchị na-ekwe ka-akpali n'ime obodo ruo 275 km. Ma gburugburu German na Hungarian nkeji okpu. Ha kpọọrọ ọhụrụ agbachitere edoghi, ọ bụla nke, ka ha n'aka, na-na oké ọnuma na niile ụkpụrụ nke kenkwucha agha nkà.

Akpa ogbo nke ọrụ nke Budapest

The Soviet na-akpasu iwe na Budapest na ụdi kpọọ nke obodo - otu n'ime ndị kasị nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na mgbagwoju arụmọrụ nke agha. N'ebe nile n'ihu (420 km) iwu lekwasị nnukwu agha: 2nd Ukrainian Front, 3rd Ukrainian Front (ọchịagha - Marshal Tolbukhin), 1st na 4th Romanian agha na Danube Flotilla. длилось более трех месяцев. Ntọhapụ nke Budapest si Nazi dịgidere ruo ihe karịrị ọnwa atọ.

On October 29 na Soviet n'akụkụ nke ọzọ mma na nọmba nke agha na ngwá agha ahụ mere. Ọ bụ ya mere General n'isi ụlọ ọrụ na-adọrọ mmasị na-egbuke egbuke na atụmanya àmụmà na-akpasu iwe na Budapest. Malinowski enyeghị ọbụna ụbọchị ise rịọrọ maka nkwadebe nke ndị agha nkeji.

началось 29 октября силами частей 46-й армии (2-й УФ). Ntọhapụ nke Budapest ndị agha Soviet malitere October 29 agha akụkụ nke 46th Army (2nd UV). N'oge mbụ, ọ ghọrọ usoro nke ọma. Demoralized akụkụ nke Hungarian agha gbaghachi azụ na aghara na Budapest. November 5 ná mpụta nzere Budapest uzo nweghị ihe karịrị 15 km. замедлилось. Ma mgbe ahụ ntọhapụ nke Budapest si Nazi slowed. Keere òkè ogbenye ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ọkọnọ mkpa. Plus n'isi ụlọ ọrụ, e kpebiri ịgawakwa n'ihu ndị agha, ka ọ ghara n'ihe ize ndụ ndị agha nke 2nd na 4th ígwè agha, bụ onye mbụ mere ha na-aga Hungarian isi obodo.

Ma ụlọ tọgbọrọ 7th-eche ha nche Army, nke agha na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'usọ osimiri. Yews, ịgbasa bridgehead. Ugbua site November 4 ha jisiri jidere atọ nanị niile: Szolnok, Abony na Cegléd. Ndị kasị sie ike oge nke na-akpasu iwe bụ ngafe nke Tisza. Idei mmiri nwere budata ụba nke mmiri larịị ke osimiri. Ịgafe pụtara wughachi bibiri iro ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na ụfọdụ iche iche jisiri agafe, ha ozugbo ndị Germany counter-wakpoo si flanks, na-agbalị ka o bipụ ịgafe na jiri.

The abụọ agha na Budapest

The abụọ agha na obodo malitere na 11 November. N'oge a, ndị German-Hungarian otu na saịtị ahụ gụnyere a ezigbo ike, na 2 nke Criminal Usoro ahụhụ ọwọrọiso losses. Ma ọbụna na nke a ọnọdụ outnumbered ka bụ na n'akụkụ nke Soviet agha.

Mgbe a mkpirikpi ogbunigwe-ekwu ọtụtụ ndị agha nke 7th-eche ha nche agha oru ihe rụrụ na ntụziaka nke Jaszbereny na Hatvan. East mere ígwè agha agha nke General Pileva na 23 armored Brigade, gbakwunyere na 4th na 6-eche ha nche agha agha. Ha ga-ẹkemụm obodo Dendesh.

Full-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpasu iwe bụ na-egbochi mudslides, understaffing mejupụtara, mkpochapu odida nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị ọrụ na enweghị a waya nkwurịta okwu. German-Hungarian nkeji nwere budata njọ. Kọrọ ha ala nkeji. Ma ụba ọrụ nke German ugbo elu. Ma ọbụna na elu-igwe ekele 5th Air Army nwere uru karịrị nke 2nd UV.

November 25 Soviet agha weghaara obodo Hatvan - ọ bụ ihe ikpeazụ ịga nke ọma nke abụọ agha na Budapest. The isi obodo nke Hungary bụ na a semisekel. Ma n'ihi na nke ikpeazụ otutu Soviet agha mkpa oge iji kwadebe.

Kpọọ nke Budapest

The ọhụrụ iwe na oru n'ụtụtụ nke December 20 iche iche agha nke 3rd Ukrainian Front. Ha na-eme ka ha na-aga Danube n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Esztergom. Nke a ga-ekwe ka nkedo mezue encirclement nke onye iro agha na Budapest ebe.

Ọganihu dị ngwa e ịghọta site siri teren: a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ugwu nta na mounds na-agaghị ekwe na-awụgharị dị irè ígwè nkeji. Na ihe ọ bụla n'ugwu Nazi ji dị ka akwụkwọ ihe.

December 22 na 6 Panzer Army (2nd UV) na akụkụ nke 3rd Ukrainian Front jisiri dịrị n'otu gburugburu ọnụ ọnụ nke osimiri Hron. Site na njedebe nke December 27, ha na-enwe ike ijide niile Hungarian-German akụkụ nke ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Budapest. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ha bụ 188,000 (10 nkewa na ọtụtụ iche iche akụkụ).

Ugbu a ọ dị mkpa iji tọhapụ Budapest. Ma, ọ bụ nnọọ ike. The n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo e ghọọ a dị ike e wusiri ike. Plus, na Hitler iwu ka Budapest si Germany nọ na-ada ọzọ agha. Ọ na-anọchi ndị agha ọchịagha nke "South", họpụtara ka ọnọdụ O. Weller kama I. Friessner.

December 29 na Soviet n'akụkụ, e kpebiri iziga ndị mmadụ na amaghị nke ikwenye: Group Captain Ostapenko - ka Buda, a ìgwè nke Captain Steinmetz - na Pest. The amaghị e nabatara, ndị ozi ahụ gburu. Ọ malitere mkpochapu agha bụ ndị iro.

Site 2 to January 26, German iwu ọtụtụ mgbalị atụfu Soviet agha na ịrụ ụka-agha. N'oge a, nso Budapest, nke kacha nke German armored na motorized nkewa e lekwasị. Ma Malinowski na ígwè nkeji Tolbukhina ike ịtụgharị niile iro ọgụ.

Na-alụ ọgụ na obodo

Maka ọgụ arụmọrụ ke Budapest Budapest nkụzị ndị agha n'okpuru iwu nke M. Afonin hazie (dị ka nke January 22 - I. M. Managarova). Ọ gụnyere nke anọ égbè agha, 83 Marine Brigade, akụkụ nke 5th Air Army, na ogbunigwe na 7th Romanian ụlọ 183 tank Brigade.

Ntọhapụ nke Budapest bụ nso, ma ihe omume a nwere ẹduọk a ọtụtụ ọbara. Site January 18 na Soviet agha na nkwado nke Romanians wapue n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ógbè Pest were ekpe-akụ akụkụ nke obodo, ọ bụ ezie na ndị Germany na agha-emecha fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla ụlọ. Agha ndị a lụrụ na n'okpuru ala - na siwa ụzọ nkwurịta okwu. The Pest na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ otu narị puku nguzo nke Germany. Ma akụkụ nke na-emegide jisiri tiekwa mkpu nke mgbanaka. Blown ọtụtụ àkwà mmiri gafee Danube, ha na-enwe ike na-agbaba n'ime Buda.

Na nri akụ nke kpọọ ya were fọrọ nke nta ọzọ izu anọ. Ọ bụ ezie na mbụ Marshal Tolbukhin kenyere a na ime abụghị ihe karịrị otu ụbọchị. Anyị nwere na-ebu ya nwere obere wakpo ìgwè. Aviation, e kpebiri ghara itinye, ka ọ ghara ibibi akụkọ ihe mere eme akụkụ nke obodo. N'ihi otu ihe ahụ, ọ bụ nnọọ nta iji ogbunigwe.

Na agha nke m ga-abụ a puku ole na ole Hungarian agha wee akụkụ, n'afọ ofufo nyefere mkpọrọ na njikere ikwenyere nkeji nke Red Army. February 13, mgbe a sikwara ike njite iji agbaji remnants nke German agha n'okpuru iwu nke Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch na-acha ọcha ọkọlọtọ na nyefere. The ụbọchị nke ntọhapụ nke Budapest - February 13, 1945

Mgbe Moscow na iwu nke Ọchịagha Kasịnụ kelee ndị ikom - na mmeri nke abụọ asakde iso ese nwara iji kpochapụ a otu nke 500 - 600 ndị mmadụ si gbapụta ndị Germany na Hungary na Budapest. The isi ọrụ bụ ibibi ha, e kenyere na 46th Army 3rd UV.

Na ngụkọta, n'oge na-arụ ọrụ maka ntọhapụ nke Budapest (n'obi imecha - 02.13.1945) e bibiri banyere 50 puku iro agha na 138 puku weghaara ...

Nrite "N'ihi na kpọọ nke Budapest"

Na April 1945 (n'afọ nke ntọhapụ site Soviet agha ke Budapest), mgbe ọ bụ doro anya na onye ọ bụla na ndị ikpeazụ meriri Germany - ọ bụ a obere oge, onyeisi ndị na-General lọjistik Khrulev nyere otu ìgwè nke ndị nka ịzụlite oru nke Ọla maka ntọhapụ ma weghara putara ighe mkpa European obodo. Mgbe a zuru ezu nyochaa nke niile chọrọ osise site Presidium nke USSR Supreme Council June 9, 1945 ọ bịanyere aka a iwu na oruru nke nrite "N'ihi na kpọọ nke Budapest". Ọdịda ya niile kpọmkwem sonyere na mwakpo, wee akụkụ ke agha nke Hungarian isi obodo 20 December 1944 na 15 February 1945. Na ngụkọta, ndepụta nke ọdịda nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Budapest nwere ihe karịrị 360 puku. Man. Ọ bụrụ na onye agha e ọdịda mgbe ọ nwụsịrị nrite ọnụ na ya award asambodo bu rue ọzọ nke ikwu dị ka a keepsake.

Nrite maka ntọhapụ nke Budapest (foto i nwere ohere ịhụ isiokwu) ga-n'ịnyịnya na n'aka ekpe nke obi. Ọ bụ nke mbụ a na usoro, na ọnụnọ nke a nrite "N'ihi na Mmeri Japan" - nke abụọ.

The na mkpụrụ ego a raara nye nke 50th ncheta nke Victory na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya

February 14, 1995 maka 50th ncheta nke mmeri mkpụrụ ego 3 rubles e wepụtara na ndị Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.

• Avers: na n'elu tinyere rim dere ekpemekpe na afọ nke ntọhapụ, na ala - Bank nke RUSSIA. Ke n'etiti (na dotted rim) - onyinyo nke Spasskaya Tower nke Moscow Kremlin, n'ime nke rim - Monogram Mint MMD.

• laa azu: Ọ-egosipụta ihe anọ Soviet agha (alụ ọgụ megide ndabere nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke Budapest). E dere tinyere rim: "The ntọhapụ nke Europe si fasizim," "Budapest 13.02.1945, na" (Top na ala ala, karị).

Red Army enyemaka eweghachiri Hungarian ala

On mgbake nke Hungarian ala ígwè, ndị Soviet na-edu ndú malitere iche echiche ọma tupu ọgwụgwụ nke Budapest ọrụ. The isi ọrụ maka ya bụ imewe nke pro-Soviet ọzọ. The ndabere nke ha ga-abụ a local mgbochi onye fasizim Bloc, na si n'agha òtù nke Hungarian Communist Party.

On December 2, mba ahụ nọ na-kere site Hungarian National Independence Front. Ya mba kọmitii ekemende nyere ịrịba nkwado maka ngụkọta mkpochapu onye fasizim agha nke dị n'ókèala Hungary. Ọ bụ ha bụ ndị rụrụ mweghachi nke ebibi management nke Hungarian aku na uba. Na nkera nke abụọ nke December malitere ọrụ na-elebara National Assembly na-elebara National Government.

Iji ndị a ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti ike n'enweghị rụọ ọrụ, na Military Council nke 2nd UV a gwara ka ha nye ha nri, na mmanụ ụgbọala, chebe ogige.

December 28, 1944, ndị GNP kpebiri iji ịdọrọ si onye fasizim mmekota, na-ezisa agha na Germany. Hungary bịanyere aka nkwekorita, ọ bụghị nanị na Soviet Union, ma na Great Britain na United States. N'oge nke truce na mba akadade Allied Control Commission, nke e tasked na-edu Voroshilov.

Mgbe kpọọ nke Budapest atụmatụ nri nke ndị obodo ahụ na e kenyere ndị Soviet iwu. Bi e zigara ihe karịrị 5 tọn ọka na 100 tọn ọka. A-eto eto Hungarian Soviet agha nanị nri si ubi esi.

Results ntọhapụ nke Budapest

N'oge na-arụ ọrụ, akụkụ nke Budapest Army Group "South" nnukwu irreparable mmebi e mere. Ọ furu efu 56 nkewa na brigades. Germany efu ikpeazụ mmekorita na Hungarian mmanụ. Nyefe nke 37 Wehrmacht nkewa si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ihu na Hungary na ha ụdi mbibi iduba a ngwa ngwa tupu nke Soviet agha n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Budapest Capture kwere ka Red Army ọbụna nso iru n'ebe ndịda nku nke onye iro agha, na ikwado a n'ihu agha na Vienna na Prague.

Ya mmepe bụ a atụmatụ na eme nke na-alụ ọgụ Soviet agha. Budapest ọrụ iwu kpughere njehie na omume nke ndị dị otú ahụ agha.

The isi na-adịghị mma bụ irreplaceable ọnwụ nke ndụ mmadụ. Ọrụ nke ntọhapụ nke Budapest si Nazi (n'obi imecha - February 13, 1945) a ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị ọbara nke niile European agha arụmọrụ. The mmeri gara na-eri nke ihe karịrị 80 puku ndụ nke agha. Merụọ ihe karịrị 240 puku.