Ogbunigwe - chi nke agha? Ogbunigwe Ụwa nke Abụọ

"The ogbunigwe - chi nke agha" - bụ otu ugboro owụt I. V. Stalin, na-ekwu okwu banyere otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa iche nke agha. Site n'okwu ndị a, ọ na-agbalị iji mesie ndị dị oké mkpa nke na-ngwá agha ndị a n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Na nkwupụta a bụ eziokwu, dị ka ndị kpọkwara nke ogbunigwe nwere nnọọ njikọ. Ike-ya ike kwere Soviet agha obi ịta mmiri kụrie iro na ịgakwuru ndị na-achọsi ike Great Victory.

Mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu a ga-atụle site na ogbunigwe nke ụwa abụọ, nke dị mgbe ahụ na ọrụ nke Nazi Germany na Soviet Union, malite na ìhè mgbochi tank egbe na-agwụcha superheavy egbe-nnukwu anụ.

mgbochi tank egbe

Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ìhè egbe site na nnukwu gosipụtara nta na-abaghị uru megide armored ugbo ala. The eziokwu na ha na-na-e na interwar afọ, na ike idi naanị ike nchebe nke mbụ armored ugbo ala. Ma tupu mmalite nke Ụwa nke Abụọ Technology bụ ngwa ngwa ime nke ugbua. Agha tankị ibu ihe thicker, ọtụtụ ụdị nke na ngwá agha ndị olileanya na-adịghị agafe agafe.

Time of omume nke nnukwu ngwá ọrụ dị anya outstripped mmepe nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke egbe. Gun crews, bụ ndị e abuana ke battlefields, ya na anya, chọpụtara na ha nkenke-eduzi agba nwere see tankị. Ogbunigwe bụ enweghị ike ime ihe ọ bụla. Shells nanị bounced kwụsịrị armored agha, enweghị na-eme ha ihe ọ bụla nsogbu.

Firing nso na ìhè mgbochi tank egbe bụ ala, ya mere, egbe na ndi oru ugbo nwere ilekọta onwe ha na onye iro bụ kwa nso anya kụrụ ya n'ihi na n'aka. Na njedebe, a World War II ogbunigwe e kewapụrụ n'ime ndabere na e ji mee ihe dị ka a ọkụ nkwado nke bipu n'elu omume.

ubi ogbunigwe

The mbụ ọsọ na kacha elu nso nke ubi ogbunigwe shells n'oge ahụ nwere a oké mmetụta ma na njikere nke na-akpasu iwe arụmọrụ na irè nke nzere jikoro. Gunfire gbochie free ije nke onye iro, na ike kpamkpam-ebibi ndị niile na ọkọnọ e. Na a dị mkpa karịsịa oge nke agha ubi ogbunigwe (ị pụrụ ịhụ foto ke ibuotikọ) na-zọpụta ndị agha ya ma nye aka mmeri. Ka ihe atụ, n'oge agha na France na 1940, Germany etinyere ya 105-millimeter egbe leFH 18. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na Germany na-abịa mmeri na ogbunigwe duels na onye iro batrị.

Field egbe, bụbu site Red Army, na-anọchi anya 76,2 mm egbe ke 1942 tọhapụ. O nwere nnọọ a elu Ekechila ọnụ ike ọsọ, nke na-eme ka ọ dịtụ mfe inwere site na nchebe nke German agha. Ke adianade do, Soviet egbe nke klas a nwere zuru ezu nso na-akọ ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe nsannsan mma maka ha. Onyeikpe maka onwe gị: anya na ike ofufe gburugburu, mgbe ihe karịrị 12 km! Nke a kwere Soviet isi ime iji chebe onwe ọnọdụ igbochi onye iro tupu.

Ihe na-akpali bụ eziokwu bụ na 1942 sample, égbè nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ niile wepụtara ukwuu karịa ndị ọzọ nke na ngwá agha nke otu ụdị. Ihe ijuanya, ụfọdụ nke akwụkwọ, ma ka nọgide na-na Russian Army.

mortars

Ikekwe, ihe kasị oké ọnụ ma dị irè bipu support ngwá agha ndị ogbunigwe. Ha na-ahụ n'ụzọ zuru okè jikọtara Njirimara dị ka nso na firepower, otú ha na-eme kemgbe-enwe ike ịgbanwe N'ezie nke niile iro-akpasu iwe.

German agha na-eji 80mm "Granatverfer-34." Nke a ngwá agha emeela notoriety n'etiti kemmekorita agha nke elu na-agba na oké nkenke firing. E wezụga ya égbè anya nke 2,400 m.

Red Army eji maka ọkụ nkwado nke ha bipu 120mm M1938, banyere ọrụ na 1939. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na nke ogbunigwe na a caliber na mgbe e mepụtara na-eji na ụwa na-eme. Mgbe ndị agha Germany chere ihu na ngwá agha ndị a na-agha, ha ụtọ maka ike ya, na mgbe ahụ malitere na mmepụta na e wepụtara ka "Granatverfer-42." M1932 ntukwasi 285 kg ma kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ karịsịa echiche ngwa agha nke nwere bipu ikpuru na onwe ya. Iji mee nke a ya ma ọ bụ disassembled n'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ, ma ọ bụ wetara on a pụrụ iche Trolley. Ya égbè nso bụ 400 m ala karịa na nke German "Granatverfera-34."

onwe-propelled unit

Ke akpa izu nke agha, ọ bịara doo anya na bipu bụ nnọọ mkpa nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ọkụ support. The German agha zutere ihe na-egbochi n'ụdị a mma-e wusiri ike ọnọdụ na a nnukwu ịta nke onye iro agha. Mgbe ahụ, ha kpebiri iji ike ya mobile ọku support ogbunigwe onwe-propelled 105 mm echichi "Vespa", kowe na a tank Chassis PzKpfw II. Ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha - "Hummel" - bụ akụkụ nke motorized na tank nkewa kemgbe 1942.

N'otu oge ahụ na Red Army pụtara njikere onwe-propelled egbe Su-76 egbe, 76,2 mm. Ọ na-e n'elu a gbanwetụrụ Chassis nke a ìhè tank T-70. Ná mmalite, ndị Su-76 na-atụ anya iji dị ka a tank mbibi, ma na N'ezie nke ya ngwa na ọ ghọtara na o nwere ime kwa nta firepower.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1943, ndị agha Soviet natara ụgbọala ọhụrụ - ISU-152. Ọ na-e onwem na a 152.4-mm howitzer, e bukwa n'obi mbibi nke tankị na mobile ogbunigwe na bipu ọku support. Akpa, a egbe n'elu a tank Chassis HF-1, na mgbe ahụ na IC. Na ọgụ, a ngwá agha abụrụwo nnọọ irè nke nọ na ọrụ ndị Soviet agha, nakwa dị ka Warsaw mmeko mba 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ.

Soviet arọ ogbunigwe

Nke a na ụdị ngwá ọrụ bụ nke dị oké mkpa ke N'ezie nke agha n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. The kacha njọ nke ẹdude ogbunigwe ahụ esịnede na Red Army, bụ howitzer M1931 B-4 caliber nke 203 mm. Mgbe Soviet agha malitere akwụsịlata ngwa tupu nke German mwakpo nke ya n'ókèala na agha na Eastern Front ghọrọ ihe static uwa, oké ogbunigwe bụ, dị ka ha na-ekwu, na ebe ha.

Ma Mmepe na-mgbe na-achọ mma nhọrọ. Ọrụ ha bụ ike a na ngwá ọrụ, nke ga-ekwe omume n'otu blended e ji mara ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ala ibu, ezi nso na kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ karịsịa projectiles. Na a ngwá agha e kere. Ha ghọrọ 152-millimeter howitzer ml-20. A obere ka e mesịrị site Soviet agha natara ọzọ modernized ngwá agha M1943 na otu caliber, ma na dara nha gbọmgbọm na a nnukwu Ekechila ọnụ breeki.

Defense ụlọ ọrụ nke Soviet Union na-emepụta a na nnukwu otu mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ howitzers, bụ nke mere ka onye iro achị ọkụ. Ogbunigwe n'ụzọ nkịtị bibiri ndị German ọnọdụ, na otú napu iro na-akpasu iwe atụmatụ. Otu ihe atụ bụ ime "Oké Ifufe", nke e ọma rụrụ ke 1942. Ya pụta bụ na encirclement na Stalingrad, ndị German 6 Army. N'ihi ya ịrụ ọrụ e ji ihe karịrị 13 puku. Egbe iche iche. Na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ike nke ogbunigwe nkwadebe tupu agha. Ọ bụ na ọ bụ ndị tụnyere ụtụ dị ukwuu ngwa tupu nke Soviet armored agha na bipu.

German arọ ngwá agha

Dị Versailles Treaty mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Germany amachibidowo egbe na a caliber nke 150 mm ma ọ bụ karịa. Ya mere ọkà ike "Krupp" aka na-emepe emepe a ọhụrụ egbe, nwere ike a arọ ubi howitzer sFH 18 149.1-mm gbọmgbọm, esịnede a tube, na breech casing.

Ná mmalite nke agha ndị German arọ howitzer-eje ije na ịnyịnya traction. Ma mgbe e mesịrị na ọ bụ a modernized version of ama dọkpụụrụ ọkara-track traktọ, na-eme ya ihe ndị ọzọ mobile. The German agha ọma tinye ya n'ọrụ na Eastern Front. Site na njedebe nke agha howitzer sFH 18 n'ịnyịnya na a tank Chassis. Ya mere, m ga-esi onwe-propelled egbe, "Hummel."

Soviet Katyusha

Agha agha na ogbunigwe - bụ otu n'ime ìgwè ndị ala agha. The ojiji nke akụ ụta n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ bụ tumadi ruru ka nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgụ na Eastern Front. Ike Tammy ọkụ kpuchie ya nnukwu ókèala karịa dechapụ ụfọdụ inaccuracy nke unguided ngwá agha. E jiri ya tụnyere ot agba agba na-eri na ọ bụ nnọọ obere, na-mere ka ha dị nnọọ ngwa ngwa. Ọzọ uru bụ ikwu mfe nke ha ọrụ.

Soviet rọketi ogbunigwe n'oge agha na-eji 132-millimeter shells nke M-13. E kere ha na 1930 na n'oge ahụ, dị ka ndị Nazi Germany wakporo Soviet Union, nọ nnọọ obere obere. Ndị a akụ ụta na-ikekwe kasị ama nke ndị a niile shells eji n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Nke nta nke nta na ha guzosie ike ha mmepụta, na site na njedebe nke 1941, M-13 na-eji na agha megide ndị Nazi.

M ga-asị na ngwá agha agha na ogbunigwe nke Red Army, ndị Germany na nọrọ a ujo na e mere site na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ike na mmetụta nke na-egbu egbu ọhụrụ ngwá agha. Launchers BM-13-16 e enịm na gwongworo na rails nwere 16 agba. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị a agha na usoro a ga-amara dị ka "Katyusha". N'ime oge ha na-kwalite ọtụtụ ugboro na ẹkewetde nke Soviet Army ruo 80-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Na biakwa obibia nke rọketi launchers okwu bụ "ogbunigwe - chi nke agha" ọ malitere-aghọta eziokwu.

German rọketi launchers

A ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha kwere napụta ọgụ discontinuous akụkụ ma nnukwu na obere na anya. N'ihi ya, na-adịghị nso agba lekwasị ha firepower na zaa odude ke n'ihu akara, ebe na a ogologo ụgbọ elu nke agha hit na ihe dị n'azụ iro e.

The Germany nwekwara ya rọketi ogbunigwe. "Vurframen-40" - na German rọketi obubata, nke na-chọpụtara na ọkara-track Sd.Kfz.251 technology. Rọketi zooms ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ site mbịne igwe. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị a na usoro na-ẹkenam n'ime ọgụ ka a towed ogbunigwe.

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, Germany ji rọketi obubata "Nebelverfer-41", nke nwere a n'ụgbụgbọ mmanụ aṅụ Ọdịdị. Ọ gụnyere isii tubular rails na ndokwasa on a abụọ-wheeled ajụjụ. Ma n'oge na-agha a ngwá agha bụ nnọọ ize ndụ ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na onye iro ma n'ihi na ha onwe ha ngụkọta oge ruru ka dọpụtaara nke ọkpọkọ zasoplovogo ire ọkụ.

Ibu shells rọketi engine nwere a nnukwu mmetụta na nso nke ha ọsọ. Ya mere, o nwere a ịrịba agha uru na-agha, onye ogbunigwe ike kụrụ zaa dị nnọọ n'azụ akara nke onye iro. German arọ agba ndị bara uru naanị maka n'elu ọkụ, mgbe ọ dị mkpa na-ebibi a mma-e wusiri ike ihe, dị ka bunkers, armored ugbo ala na a dịgasị iche iche nke nchebe.

Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ogbunigwe ọkụ ndị Germany bụ ihe usụhọde nọ nso Katyusha rọketi obubata n'ihi oké arọ shells.

superheavy egbe

Na Hitler agha a nnọọ ọrụ dị mkpa e egwuri site ogbunigwe. Nke a bụ ihe ọzọ ihe ijuanya na ọ fọrọ nke nta ndị kasị dị mkpa nke Nazi agha igwe, dị ka ọkà mmụta nke oge n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ na-ahọrọ na-elekwasị anya ha ntị na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Luftwaffe (Air Force).

Ọbụna n'oge ọgwụgwụ nke agha German injinia na-arụ ọrụ na a ọhụrụ akwa armored ụgbọala - a prototype nke a nnukwu tank, tụnyere nke ndị fọdụrụ nke na ngwá agha yiri ka ntakịrị. Ngo P1500 "Monster" enweghị oge iji mejuputa. Ọ bụ naanị mara na tank ga itu 1.5 tọn. Ọ e zubere na a ga-burugodị na a 80-sentimita egbe "Gustav" ike "Krupp". Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ya mmepe mgbe na-eche nnukwu, sokwa na ogbunigwe. Nke a ngwá agha banyere ọrụ na Nazi agha mgbe a nọchibidoro Sevastopol. Egbe ala mere a ngụkọta nke 48 gbaa, mgbe nke na ọ mụụrụ-eyi.

Okporo ígwè egbe K-12 nọ na ọrụ 701 nke ogbunigwe batrị guzo na Channel n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị akụkọ, ha shells, dị ka ha na ntukwasi 107.5 n'arọ, e tiri ọtụtụ zaa ke n'ebe ndịda England. Ndị a ogbunigwe nnukwu anụ caterpillars ha ngalaba T ekara, na-chọrọ iji wụnye na-ezubere iche.

ọnụ ọgụgụ

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, na mba nke ndị agha bụ ndị na-agha nke 1939-1945, wee gaa agha ahụ na mgbe ochie ma ọ ikpe kwalite egbe. All ha inefficiencies n'ụzọ zuru ezu chọpụtara World War II. Ogbunigwe na-mkpa ngwa ngwa ọ bụghị nanị na na update, ma ntọt ya ibu.

Malite site 1941 na 1944, Germany emewo ihe karịrị 102 puku. Egbe na dị iche iche caliber na ruo 70 puku. Ogbunigwe. Site na oge nke agha na Soviet Union, ndị Germany na-ama nwere banyere 47 puku. Atilari iberibe, na nke na-adịghị na-agụnye wakpo ngwá agha. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụ na United States, ha na-n'ihi na n'otu oge na-emepụta banyere 150 puku. Egbe. Britain jisiri na-emepụta naanị 70 puku. Ngwá Agha nke a na klas. Ma ihe ndekọ n'ọsọ a bụ Soviet Union: agha afọ e nyere ihe karịrị 480 puku egbe na ogbunigwe, banyere 350 puku ... Tupu nke a, Soviet Union ama ama na ọrụ 67 nke. Orù. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ a nyere enweghị na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ 50-millimeter ogbunigwe, ogbunigwe na-emegide ugbo elu egbe nke Navy.

N'oge afọ nke World War II ogbunigwe mmụọ ịlụ ọgụ mba agbanweela nnukwu mgbanwe. Mgbe niile na ndị agha natara ma kwalite ma ọ bụ kpam kpam ọhụrụ ngwaọrụ. Karịsịa mepụtara ngwa ngwa, na-emegide onwe-propelled ogbunigwe (photos nke na oge na-egosi ike ya). Dị ka ndị ọkachamara si mba dị iche iche, ihe dị ka ọkara nke ọnwụ ala agha dị mkpa maka ojiji nke ngwa agha n'oge ọgụ.