Ọkpụkpụ - egwuregwu. Ọkpụkpụ - Olympic egwuregwu

Ọkpụkpụ - a egwuregwu nke ndị mejupụtara nrida dina ya afo na a sled dvuhpolozevyh na-eme egwuregwu na ice paseeji. Prototype nke oge a na egwuregwu na ngwa - a Norwegian azu Åke. The eto eto bụ onye na nke kasị nso-ekwe omume n'oge, na-aga n'ebe dị anya.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

The mbụ ọmụma banyere luge asọmpi na-akpa azụ ná mmalite nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, mgbe Swiss Alps British njem nleta nwara gbadaa na a sled ala ugwu snow-kpuchie mkpọda. Ọkpụkpụ - Na 1883, na Switzerland skai eme, nke a maara ugbu a ka ọ bụla na-azụ ahịa, na mbụ mba mpi yiri maara taa egwuregwu haziri. Pictures n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị nke oge ahụ na-egosi na sled nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ bụ nnọọ iche taa. Ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ihe England site aha nna Child ukwuu idem ibe ya a ọhụrụ imewe sports akụrụngwa. O mere ka o si metal ibe-enwe a obosara nke banyere iri abụọ na abụọ millimeters.
Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ na e nwere a aha "ọkpụkpụ", nke sụgharịta na Grik ka "ọkpụkpụ", "ọkpụkpụ". The aha rapaara ọma. Ọkpụkpụ-enweghị n'iru, onwem na a dara nha etiti ogologo nke 70 na 38 sentimita n'obosara na ndokwasa na ígwè rails. Ya ụmụ na-eme egwuregwu ụgha ihu ala, na-arụ ọrụ site na iji pụrụ iche spikes na mkpịsị ụkwụ nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ mere.

mbụ mpi

Ọkpụkpụ bụ a-akpali nnọọ mmasị, ma n'otu oge adịghị nnọọ ọsọ egwuregwu. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya si na mmepe nke obere oge. Na 1905, mbụ sports mpi na ụmụ si n'ugwu na a sled haziri n'èzí Switzerland - na Austrian ugwu nke Styria. N'afọ na-esonụ, e nwere ndị mba mbụ egwuregwu na ọkpụkpụ. Mgbe afọ asaa gasịrị, na mmalite nke 1912, na Germany, nke jikọtara club abụọ egwuregwu e kere: hockey na ọkpụkpụ, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị ná mba ahụ malitere inwe oghe tournaments. The Russian oyi egwuregwu - ọkpụkpụ - nwayọọ nwayọọ malitere ịgbasa na mpaghara nke Kaliningrad. Otú ọ dị, First World War ruo ogologo oge kwụsịlata ya mmepe na mba Europe. Ọ bụ nanị na 1921 nso St. Moritz bụ ike na-emeghe egwuregwu downhill on a sled.

ụfọdụ atụmatụ

Ọkpụkpụ - egwuregwu bụ nnọọ ize ndụ. N'oge ụmụ na sled accelerated elu gbapụrụ ọsọ. Tụnyere ndị ọkpụkpụ bobsleigh ịmanye ndị ọzọ tiri chọrọ. Isi ọnọdụ bụ na arọ nke na-eme egwuregwu na-adọkpụ ikom ekwesịghị gafere 115, na n'ihi na ndị inyom - 92 kilogram. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị iwu na-ekwe ka ibu arọ na-sled arọ.

Dị ka iwu si guzosie ike n'ihi na ihe karịrị otu narị afọ gara aga, track mpi na a ụdị egwuregwu dị ka a sled, ga-kwekọọ n'ihe na-chọrọ ụkpụrụ. The mbụ nkeji iri na ise kilometa ụzọ kwesịrị ya e mere na ike inye luger dispersal ka narị kilomita kwa awa. The ikpeazụ otu narị ma ọ bụ otu narị na iri ise mita anya ga-sloped iri na abụọ degrees. Nke a na-eme iji na-, gụchara, na-eme egwuregwu ike n'enweghị kwụsị. Ke adianade do, mba nile luge tracks, ebe ọkpụkpụ nke mpi, elu si amalite akara na n'isi ebe ga-abụ otu narị ma ọ bụ karịa mita. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, otu nwere ike iche na ihe na-eme egwuregwu na-aga ala na a obere sled dina ya afo na-atụ isi elu na-agba site na a elu nke 33-storey ụlọ.

fundamentals

The International Olympic iwu ndị ọkpụkpụ nwere ọtụtụ isi ihe oriri. Firstly, mpi maka ụdị egwuregwu dị oké mkpa iji a bobsleigh luge track na a kacha nta ogologo 1,200 mita, na kacha - 1650 mita. Ná mmalite nke mbata skeletonschik agba ọsọ sprints (osooso ogologo - 25-40 mita) na mgbe afọ ala na isi na-atụ ngwa ngwa dara na sled na track fọrọ nke nta na-efe efe. The na-eme egwuregwu ga-anọ kpọmkwem ọnọdụ, ogwe aka agbatị tinyere ozu.

Ọkpụkpụ mpụta mbụ na Olympics

Onye ọ bụla maara na ọkpụkpụ - ihe Olympic egwuregwu. O mere ya mpụta mbụ na Winter Games ke otu St. Moritz ugbua na 1928. The mbụ nrite ọlaedo merie ndị mgbe nnọchiteanya nke United States Jennison Heaton. Iri afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị, n'otu obodo ke 1948, ndị ọkpụkpụ ọzọ kwuru na mpi mmemme. Ebe ọ bụ na 1969, ndị agbụrụ malitere-ebe ọtụtụ nkebi, gbasasịa na oge nke ọnwa ise, dị ka na nke a, ndị ikpeazụ N'ihi bụ minimally dabere na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe.

ọkpụkpụ taa

Ihe kacha mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu bụ ya abanye International Federation of Bobsleigh na ọkpụkpụ. Na 1982 bụ nke mbụ World Cup ọkpụkpụ na St. Moritz. O were iri na-eme egwuregwu si asaa na mba Europe. Ọkpụkpụ - a egwuregwu na ugbu a na-emepe emepe na ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere ke Russia. Ha na-arụ anọ kọntinent. Ná ngwụsị nke narị afọ gara aga, ndị International School nke ọkpụkpụ ọzụzụ bụghị nanị na-eme egwuregwu, ma na-azụ dị iche iche na-ekwu. ọbụna pụrụ iche na omume e mepụtara.

ọkpụkpụ Federation

Yana mpi maka World Cup site International Federation ẹkenịmde kwa afọ nkebi nke ndorondoro n'okpuru aha "Tyrol Cup", nke nwere ike na-agbalị aka-ha ka na-eto eto na ndị na-enweghị uche na-eme egwuregwu. Ọkpụkpụ - a egwuregwu na nke ndị America na-karịsịa mma. Ya mere, na 2002 na Winter Olympics na Salt Lake City ikpo okwu kpamkpam weghaara ụsụụ ndị agha, ndị nnọchiteanya nke United States na ndibọhọ niile nwa anụmanụ.

Downhill on a sled ugbu a na-ahazi na-elekọta ndị International Federation of luge. Ọkpụkpụ - a egwuregwu na-ewu ewu taa n'ụwa nile. Ọbụna ha na-ekere òkè dị otú ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ mba, dị ka South Africa, Australia na Mexico. Na Russia, ọ natara n'ọrụ dissemination nke afọ ole na ole gara aga. Otú ọ dị, na 2001, Russian na-eme egwuregwu na-enwe ike igosi na-egbuke egbuke na-arụpụta na mba isi n'Eshia.

Ọkpụkpụ na mba anyị

Na 2002 Ekaterina Mironova - ekaufọk nke ndị inyom mba ọkpụkpụ - họọrọ asaa na Games na Salt Lake City. Na-esote afọ na World n'asọmpi na nke a egwuregwu na ọ bụ, na-emeri a silver nrite, ka a ọhụrụ ndekọ osooso nke track. Nrite na ọkpụkpụ na Russian na-eme egwuregwu n'ihu ọ bụ. Ke 2008, Russian amaala Alexander Tretyakov ndorondoro nke World Cup, ẹkenịmde ke Igls, bụkwa-enwe ike ịtọ N'ezie ndekọ ma merie silver nrite. Na 2009, o nwekwara ụzọ ebe ke World Cup. Mgbe Sochi Olympics nke afọ a Tretyakov, ndibọhọ nrite ọlaedo, na-aghọ ndị mbụ Olympic mmeri na ọkpụkpụ, nke nwere a ohere iji merie, ịbụ n'usoro nke na-achị n'ụwa onye mmeri. Russian na-eme egwuregwu na-adịghị Mkpughe ha Fans a mmeri, ma na nke ugbu a Olympians me mba anyị abụọ Olympic Ọla. Nke abụọ nrite n'ihi na mba - a ọla - nwanyi merie Elena Nikitina. Ọ na-ele anya na ọkpụkpụ azụ a ogologo oge na kpọrọ ihe. Ugbu a, mgbe toboggan agbaba na-ewu na niile Olympic isi obodo, pụtara obi ike na egwuregwu na-agaghịkwa akwụsị!