Onye ama ama Oka ogologo Reserve? Ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi Oka Terrasny idobere

Ke n'etiti nke XX narị afọ (1948) e kpebiri ịgbanwe nnukwu idobere, emi odude na ala ịta ahịhịa, na ise dị iche na ụlọ ọrụ. Mgbe ihe siri ike maka okike na nchekwa umu (1951) na Moscow Region 4 mee na-kagburu. Kemgbe ahụ, Oka ogologo Reserve - nanị onye na ala ịta ahịhịa.

O jere ije n'ime nnukwu netwọk nke Biosphere mee site UNESCO. Na February 1979, o nwetara a akwụkwọ.

Site n'akụkọ nke mgbagwoju

Ogologo Oka Biosphere Reserve malitere ya na ọrụ ya na June 1945, mbụ dị ka akụkụ nke echekwabara oru.

Mgbe ọ natachara ọnọdụ nke ya aga-eme Biosphere budata ahụ gbasara, otú 1984 godu ndabere nlekota ebe e kere ebe a, nke a na isi ihe nke weather chọpụtara na nchọpụta nke imetọ ikuku na-emerụ bekee nwere ike tinye ókèala

Ná mmalite 70 ies ogologo Oka Biosphere Reserve malitere iduziri gburugburu ebe obibi nlekota oru na a elu ilekota larịị.

ihe aga-eme

Ọtụtụ n'ime anyị na-agụ akwụkwọ ga-ama otú na-arụ ọrụ ndị a na òtù dị iche iche nke mba anyị. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị karịa ama Oka ogologo Reserve, na-amalite, ka anyị chọpụta ihe aga-eme e kenyere nzukọ.

Nke mbụ bụ ichebe ndị pụrụ iche eke mgbagwoju, ahụkarị nke ebe.

Anyịnya amụ ecosystems nke Reserve na ya agbata obi ebe. Mweghachi na nchekwa umu nke eke fauna na osisi.

The ọmụmụ, ozuzu dispersal ha na mbụ ebe obibi nke European Bison.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ọbụna na ndabere nke ihe aga-eme gị nwere ike ise ụfọdụ banyere ihe ihe ama Oka ogologo Reserve.

N'oge ya ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme, na o nwere ọrụ mweghachi na nche-kwa nke obere ahụkarị a umu ke mpaghara. The N'ihi nke a mgbagwoju na na achị ọrụ a ịrịba inwetara nke fauna nke Moscow mpaghara.

Amaala echiche nke ebe ndị a na - na biva - mmalite nke XX narị afọ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam bipu na etiti nke na Russian Plain. Iji weghachi ya na-echebe ebe ke 1948 wetara Beavers 4 gbasirila nke idobere nke obodo nke Voronezh. Mgbe afọ asaa gasịrị (1955) sonyeere ndị bi nwere 2 ụzọ abụọ nke Russian ụmụ.

Na 1962, ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a malitere idozi. Ugbua na 1973, e nwere a ndịda Moscow bi, ọtụtụ 110 beavers na 30 niile na tributaries nke Oka. Na October 2003, ná mpụga ókèala nke idobere, na Serpukhov district, e nwere ndị na-ama 68 niile nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a ọtụtụ 329 ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu.

ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe

Ogologo Oka Biosphere Reserve, a foto nke ị pụrụ ịhụ n'isiokwu a, dị iche iche ọnọdụ continental idụhe. Na mpaghara a, oyi bụ moderately kentuoyi, na summers bụ ọkụ. The nkezi kwa afọ ikuku okpomọkụ anaghị ebili n'elu - 3,9 Celsius C. The ekpo ọkụ ugbu ọnwa - July (+17,7 ° C), na coldest January (10,5 ° C). Oke okpomọkụ - +38 ° C, ọ dịkarịa ala - -43 Celsius C. Kwa afọ ọdịda bụ ihe na-erughị 500 mm nke mmiri ozuzo. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke snow cover, nke na-egosi na njedebe nke November na-abịa na April, 55 cm.

enyemaka

Ogologo larịị, jiri nwayọọ weturu site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda. Relief vypolozhenny mpụga. The e ji mara mmewere nke enyemaka nke n'etiti na n'ebe ugwu akụkụ ụfọdụ nke idobere bụ sinkholes na-erukwa na ebe coal anya overlie nkume nzu.

Enyemaka nke ndịda mpụga na-ji aja ugwu na osisi, nke-ebili ka 10-15 mita n'elu ala, n'akụkụ ebe.

Hydrology

The idobere n'ókèala na-adịghị ji ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọdọ. Ebe ọtụtụ obere osimiri nwere ala mmiri nke ọdọ na a ole na ole marshes. The kasị ibu osimiri - Ponikovka na Todenka, nke na-ewe ya si n'èzí idobere, ogologo ya bụ banyere 9 km, obosara ihe 4 m.

Nke ọdọ mmiri ndị kasị ibu na Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. Na okpomọkụ nke okpomọkụ ọdọ mmiri nkụ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam. Apiti ogide a akụkụ dị nta nke ebe (na-erughị 1%).

Animals Oka Terrasny idobere

Native umu - ele, nke e ebechapu ya kpamkpam na mpaghara site na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ. Iji weghachi ya, na Oka Reserve ogologo 2 ụzọ abụọ nke ndị a na ụmụ anụmanụ e ẹkenam ke 1948. Ha e wepụtara na 1950. Site na mmalite nke 1957, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na idobere ruru ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ - 63. Site na nke a mgbe diya malitere idozi na n'ókèala Chekhov na Serpukhov district.

Na 1967 weghachiri eweghachi nso Moscow diya bi ẹkewetde nke 157 ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Na February 2008, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ama mîdaha 170 ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Nke a na ụdị nnọọ ọma reintroduced na laghachiri ịchụ nta fauna.

munsu

Ịza ajụjụ: "Gịnị ka a maara Oka ogologo Reserve?", Anyị nwere ike ikwu, sị: "The abawanye na ndị bi na nke munsu." Tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ a umu bụ nnọọ ala na ebe ndị a. Mgbe agha, e nwere kemgbe a ngwa ngwa onu ogugu ibu. Ọ peaked n'etiti 1961 - 1300 ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime Serpukhov district, gụnyere 300 bi ogologo Oka Reserve.

Ruru akwa njupụta nke ụmụ anụmanụ nke mmezi e nwere nsogbu na ọnọdụ nke oké ọhịa, nakwa dị ka ala na elk na Southern ala ịta ahịhịa. E a oke bụrụ na onye ahụ nke epizootic ọrịa. Mgbe a zuru ezu ọmụmụ nke ọnọdụ nke idobere zoologist LV Zablotskaya siri ọnwụ elk bi iwu site agbapụ. Na oyi 1961 enye otop ụmụ anụmanụ na idobere 101 na 128 - na Serpukhov district. N'ihi ya, n'ime otu afọ ole na ole ndị bi na nọgidere n'ogo kwere.

The kasị nkịtị na-eri anụ nke bi idobere bụ a nkịta ọhịa. Ke adianade do, na ya n'ókèala ndụ 11 dị iche iche ụdị carnivorous mammals, 7 nke nke bụ na ụwa a na-ebi ndụ na-adịgide adịgide.

Ụsụ (ụsụ) na-anọchi anya 11 umu. Otu n'ime ha - na Natterer si ụsụ, plecotus, mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, red, obere na-acha uhie uhie vechornytsi na ndị ọzọ.

Pụtara nnukwu bi na nke ùrúrù, adịkarịghị pụrụ ịchọta bekee. Mgbe ogologo enweghị laghachi biva, o ji obi ụtọ biri na-echebe osimiri.

Bison

N'etiti mammals bi Oka ogologo Park, Bison, ma ọ bụ kama, otu n'ime ha ụdị - Bison bonasus L. - mere na International Red Book, nakwa dị ka na Red Book nke Russian Federation.

Na 1948, M. A. Zablotsky kere Bison ọta akara. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya - iji weghachi Bison ozuzu obere umu. Tupu ọta akara e setịpụrụ ihe aga-eme:

• ịzụ ihe ma hapụ ya n'ime ọhịa na mbụ ha ebe obibi ụdị, nyefe nke siri ike na ahụ ike ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ndị ọzọ Zoological ubi na nurseries;
• mmụba na ichebe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọdọ mmiri nke Bison.
• nnyocha na gburugburu, bayoloji, ethology Bison;
• mma na mmepe nke ọhụrụ ụzọ nke Idebe na ozuzu nke Bison n'agha, nakwa dị ka n'okpuru eke ọnọdụ.

The ọta akara na nsogbu na ebe nke 200 hectare. N'ihi Bison ọnọdụ ebe a bụ dị ka nso eke. ọta akara ebe ekewa hà itienna. Ha na-gburugburu a ntupu nke waya jikọọ site ogologo corridors.

Na nke ọ bụla pen nwere Bison ezinụlọ. Ọ mejupụtara a nwoke, 5 (adịkarịghị 4) nwanyị na-eto eto afọ 10 ọnwa. Mgbe ahụ Bison ehi na-kewapụrụ nne-ha, na ike a "na-eto eto" ìgwè ehi.

Ná ngwụsị nke 2009 na ulo nkita-akpọlite na zigara n'ógbè dị iche iche nke Russia, Belarus, Ukraine na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu karịa 328 purebred Bison.

Na ọta akara mụụrụ ọtụtụ nchọpụta na bayoloji, ethology Bison. Ke adianade do, Central Bison ọta akara a na-akwadebe na ọzụzụ nke ukwuu ruru eru ọkachamara, bụ onye na-aga nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

N'ihi comparative ọmụmụ na-elekọta ụmụaka na-agụnye a ìgwè nke American buffalo.

Flora

Ọ bụrụ na ị ghọtara ihe a ma ama Oka ogologo Reserve photos posted na pụrụ iche mbipụta, ga-enyere gị aka ịtụle ọdịdị nke ndị a dị ebube ebe. Na idobere e nwere ihe karịrị 950 iche iche ụdị osisi.

Nke osisi na-emekarị pine, akpu, Linden, Aspen, spruce, birch. Dị otú ahụ mbuaha ọhịa na-ekpuchi banyere 93% nke ngụkọta idobere.

Na ndị okenye, ostepnonnyh ọhịa na-eto eto dyeing broom, isi awọ Veronica, broom, sedge, na na. D.

Wayo-pine-oak ọhịa nwere adịghị ọcha si maple na n'okpuru nke bereskeleta, hazel, honey suckle, viburnum na t. D.

E nwere ọtụtụ tomato, bi Oka ogologo Reserve. Osisi nke otu a - bluuberi, kranberị, Kislichnaya, nakwa dị ka berry na blueberries na-Ọtụtụ hụrụ n'ebe ugwu pine ọhịa nke idobere.

nnụnụ

The idobere bụ a ọtụtụ nnụnụ. Na mbuaha ọhịa ha na-ahọrọ ha kasị kwesị ekwesị tiers, ebe ha chicks mma, ha na-echebe site ndị iro na ebe ọ bụ mfe iji nweta nri. Ka ihe atụ, jacks bụ na nnukwu anụ nnukwu osisi okpueze ewekarị ke akpa EBIONITISM.

Nta nnụnụ na-eri ụmụ ahụhụ idozi na abụọ nke ụlọ ma ọ bụ na ndị dị n'okpuru, na ndokwa ikwiikwii akwụ n'ala. Ebe i nwere ike ịchọta oké nnụnnụ tit na finches, redstart na osisi pipit, nuthatch na osisi warbler, thrush na zoryanku na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

nchekwaba na mpaghara

Iji belata mmetụta nke nọ n'ọrụ mmadụ na aku na uba ọrụ echekwa mpaghara e kere eke na mgbagwoju idobere. Ya n'ókèala bụ nnọọ mbara - 4710 ha na mpaghara na-a obosara nke 2 km. Ọ na-agụnye floodplain Oka ọhịa distrikti gburugburu n'ókèala.

Na mpaghara ebe a, na iche na idobere, kwere mmachi aku ọrụ. Ikike e nyere ikike ọhịa management, na-aga n'ihu ọnwụ ajuru aju. Agricultural ọrụ kwere na floodplain nke Oka (nso ịkọ ubi ọhụrụ ala). Ke adianade do, machibidoro gwupụtatụrụla, mmịpụta na Ngwuputa, ewu nke niile ụdị ụzọ na ogige maka ọ bụla nzube. Okwu azu na ịchụ nta ga Ọzọkwa-achikota na ochichi.

Educational ọrụ

The idobere bụ ihe magburu onwe na nkà mmụta sayensị isi ruo ọtụtụ elu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nke isi obodo, nakwa dị ka agụmakwụkwọ njikọ nke Russia. Ebe a anwale anwale ụmụ akwụkwọ si ngalaba dị iche iche na alaka nke Moscow State University, Moscow Agricultural Academy Timiryazev. Ebe a na-amụrụ nweta ahụmahụ nke ndu ngalaba nke Moscow State University. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị ọkachamara si dị iche iche research institutes. Ọ bụ ọrụ na-eto eto si n'okike na idobere - lyceums na ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Oka ogologo idobere: ahịa erite

Dị ka ndị gara a magburu onwe ebe, ọ na e kere maka ọdịdị hụrụ. All na-enwe mmasị dị ịtụnanya na obere n'oge ohere ahụ pristine mma nke Moscow region na pụrụ iche, mgbe ụfọdụ, na verge nke ikpochapu, na umu nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ.

Visitors nwere afọ ojuju na idobere na-ejegharị ha esonyere ahụmahụ nduzi onye-adọrọ competently na-ekwu banyere ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

Ọtụtụ mkpesa na Bison ọta akara na-agabiga ókè, na gwara ochichi ndokwa ụfọdụ iga na-gburugburu ebe.