Ònye bụ Onye mbụ akwa edidem Rome?

Geyọs Octavius Furin (aha nke onye na nwa) tọrọ ntọala Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Smart, akọ na uchu, ọ ga-ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na-anọgide na ihe mere eme. Ọ bụ onye na-achị na Republican spirit. The mbụ eze ukwu nke Rom, ọ na-atụle ga-abụ, ma ama n'okpuru aha nke Oktavian Avgust.

Family na-akụziri nwa Octavius

Augustus onwe ya mgbe niile weere onwe ya (site Suetonius) na n'oge ochie ezinụlọ agba. Nna-ya, Gay Oktavy - a ọgaranya na-akwanyere ùgwù na - ghọrọ a senator. Ọ nwụrụ na ekpe ụmụ mgbei 3. Kasị akpali anyị, nwa-ya site ya nwunye nke abụọ Attii (nwa nwanne Caesar), nke ekemende ga-akpọ Augustus - mbụ eze ukwu nke Rom, bụ ụmụ mgbei na 4 afọ.

Dị ka Suetonius, a mụrụ ya tupu chi ọbụbọ, ma ọ bụ 23, ma ọ bụ 24/09/63 BC. e., presumably palantinskom nkeji iri na ise Velitrah (akụkọ ihe mere eme na-adịghị ewepu na Rome), ebe o mesịrị na-etinye ya ebe nsọ. Umu ya ụlọ na ulo nna nna ya na Velitrah maka ụfọdụ na-apụghị ịkọwa ihe mere kpaliworo egwu na egwu na-ndị banyere n'ime ya na-enweghị ọcha rite. Young Octavius zụlitere nne nne m, Caesar nke nwayi, na mgbe ọ dị afọ 12, o nyere a okwu na ya olili ozu. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ natara site Caesar agha enọ maka mmeri na Africa, ma na agha n'onwe ya ekereghị òkè. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-, ebe ike si a ọrịa, sochiri Caesar na Spain na natara aha patrician. Caesar doro gụrụ akwụkwọ, anya, ọgụgụ isi Octavius na 45 BC. e. A uche nke nketa nọ na Vestal zuru nzuzo. Caesar zigara ya onye-nketa na Apollonia (oge a Albania), iji mezue ya muta na-akwadebe maka a ọhụrụ agha.

Nlereanya nke akaike (44 BC. E.)

Mgbe ọ matara nke igbu ọchụ nke Siza, Octavius osio aka Rome ma banye ihe nketa. Na-egosi obi ilu nke ọnwụ, ọ na-eto a na ajị agba dị ka a ihe ịrịba ama nke na-eru uju maka akaike. Na nsọpụrụ nke ya mmeri, ọ nọrọ egwuregwu. Site n'ụzọ, e nwere a komeeti, nke kasị egwu n'oge a. Ma Octavius ike ka o doo ndị Rom na ọ bụ - Chineke Caesar mkpụrụ obi.

Inweta ewu ewu, o rere ma nye ndị Rom ketara na narị atọ sesterces. Akpa, maka afọ 12, ọ bụ a na nkwonkwo osisi na Mark Antony na Marcus Lepidus, na mgbe e mesịrị - maka isua 44 - autocratically. Ka nkenke depụtara ndụ nke dugara mbụ eze ukwu nke Rom.

agha

Octavius nwere 5 agha: mutinskuyu, Philippi, peruziyskuyu, Sicilian na Actian. Ka imegwara maka igbu ọchụ nke Siza, o wee malite ibuso na Cassius na Brutus, ma nnọchianya Antony emeghị akwado. Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere ibuso Antony. Ma ọ na-atụghị anya natara nkwado si ọchịagha na ndị agha, na n'ihi na Octavius eji diplomatic nkà na re-teamed na Anthony.

Ebibi Brutus, ọnụ ha ọma dechara Filipaị agha. Anthony e zitere East guzosie Roman iji. Octavius e aku edozi lagoro ezumike nka on ọchịchị ala. N'oge nke a Perusia a kpọlitere a nnupụisi, na mgbe ya suppression na August gosiri obi ọjọọ na e meriri emeri.

The Sicilian agha megide Sextus Pompey kere 4 afọ. Ọ gbagwojuru anya site adịghị ike nke Octavia dị ka a agha ndú na eke ọnọdụ: oké ifufe emebi nsoro. Na ya oku na-aga site na Africa wee enyemaka nke ihe mpako Mark Lepid ma choro mbụ ebe na steeti. Antony araba agha ya onwe-ya na Lepidus ihe ndị ọzọ chụgara Circe. Alliance na Antony dịghị mgbe ike.

The agha, na oké osimiri agha edinam Antony e merie ya. Ọ na-akpagbu na Alexandria, ebe Antony agbaala mgbaba na Cleopatra gburu onwe na ebe ya onwe ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, Cleopatra nwa Caesarion na e gburu. N'ihi ya, ọ na-aga na ike ga-eme n'ọdịnihu mbụ eze ukwu nke Rom.

Principate

Site '27 Octavius hapụrụ Sineti naanị mmadụ ndị anọwo ya ka o di ha jikọrọ aka, na n'atụghị egwu kwuru na ala ga-abụ nke ndị mmadụ na okenye.

Kwụsị "rịọrọ" ya na-edu alaeze, na Octavius ghọrọ gọvanọ nile anāchi achi nke e nwere legion, na bụ na-elekọta ndị agha + niile. Ọ natara aha princeps - mbụ senator nke ala. Nke a pụtara n'ezie na ọ - akpa akwa edidem Rome. Ke adianade do, e nyere ya na-asọpụrụ aha. Ntre, ke akpa akwa edidem Rome malitere na August ( "Chineke"). Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ ma nnukwu onye nchụàjà, Pontifex Maximus. ike nile na mba na-lekwasị na-aka nke August: agha, obodo na nchụàjà. The mbụ eze Rom ghọrọ autocratic boss.

Mba ọzọ amụma n'okpuru Augustus

Ya mmeri ná ndị chioma na mmeri, ma na dum alaeze nke-uku gbasaa. N'okpuru ikike nke Rome bụ Alps, nri akụ nke Danube, dum Gaul na Pyrenees, North Africa, Greece, Judea, Syria, alaeze Bosporus.

All a ghọrọ kwere omume mgbe mbụ eze Rom mere mgbanwe ndị agha, nke mere na nke ikpeazụ ghọrọ a ọkachamara. Navy e Gbanwee. The nkezi na ndị agha wee 2/3 ụtụ isi anakọtara.

na aku na uba

Mgbe Augustus E mere ndokwa maka n'usoro achụ ego. Igbanwo otu mmekọrịta e weere obi. The mbụ eze ukwu Rom oge ochie na-ukwuu enwekwukwa ahia - na isi obodo rụrụ okomoko ngwongwo, na anāchi achi nke brisk ahia ọka, mmanụ oliv, mmanya. Ọ e tutu amama piracy, na Maritime ahia mụbara.

Eze Ukwu Rom Mpako

Adobe onye na-achị Rome nwayọọ nwayọọ malitere ịgbanwe n'ime marble. Carrara marble gara owuwu nke ụlọ nsọ nke Apollo - akpa nnukwu owuwu. Forum (Square) na August si a temple guzo ya Mars Ultor bụ a ịrịba okpukpe ụlọ.

Na square e nwere a oyiyi Augustus chariot. Ebe ịchụàjà nke Peace e wuru na nsọpụrụ nke mmeri Gaul na Spain. Ke adianade do, n'oge na-egbu mgbu eze ukwu malitere iduziri ha na ndị ikwu ha na-ewu nke mausoleum na Campus Martius. N'elu ụlọ nke n'ili nke eze ukwu kpuwere ọgụgụ.

All ọ rụziri na wuru a ebe nsọ na iri asatọ na abụọ na Rom. O budata ito njirimara, na na-ebelata na-enweghị ọrụ.

Enweela nwekwara ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ obodo ewu dị ka okporo ụzọ, n'okporo ámá, na ahịa, n'ụlọ nkwakọba, aqueducts, isi-iyi, n'obodo ukwu Sewerage, ọha baths, ọha n'ọbá akwụkwọ.

Olee otú Augustus

Augustus lụrụ ugboro atọ, ma nwere naanị otu nwa ya nke abụọ na nwunye - na nwa nwaanyị nke Julia. Otú ọ dị, ya libertine omume na-amanye ndị eze ukwu izipụ girl na njikọ.

N'èzí na-ele nke ama Emperor a maara nke ọma na ndụ awụ.

Ọ bụ nwoke na-ebili banyere 1 m 70 cm, nke bụ elu karịa nkezi uto nke mmadụ nke oge. Ma o yiri ezughi oke maka eze ukwu na Augustus mere yi akpụkpọ ụkwụ na n'elu ikpo okwu. O nwere blond ntutu na anya na ezé jọrọ njọ obere, na onye na-achị Rome akpụkpọ nwere a ọlaedo hue.

agwa

Na nkwenkwe ụgha, nkwenkwe na mgbaàmà ọdịnihu na nrọ na-ebu ozi na ndị dị oké mkpa - ụfọdụ nke isi atụmatụ nke onye na August. Ọ bụ nnọọ egwu nke ọgụ, n'ihi ya, mgbe Octavian nānọdu Sineti, n'okpuru uwe o nwere ihe agha.

Onye na-achị na-ehi merụsịrị, aza elu mgbe mgbe, nke bụ ya mere na-ebili n'oge. Na oyi ọ na-oyi na yi a na-ekpo ọkụ ekike, o ọbọp ya ụkwụ. Site na-eri na m bụ bụghị ndị anyaukwu. Ọ rie mfe nri na a obere mmanya na-egbu. The eze ukwu hụrụ n'anya egwuregwu nke ludo, na-eji na-egwu maka ego, na na mgbakwunye, bụ ụtọ nke azu. Mmega mgbanwe degrees nke mgbagwoju-aka na-eto eto. Augustus, mbụ eze ukwu nke Rom, maara Greek, ma ọ dịghị mgbe dere ya.

ahụ ike

Octavian bụ nwoke na-egbu mgbu, ma ndụ biri ruo ogologo oge - 76 afọ. O anabata ma na okpomọkụ na oyi na-atụ. Runny imi soro ya fọrọ nke nta niile na oge na agadi ike rheumatism.

Eleezie, aha nke mbụ eze Rom yi na ya eze ukwu ikpeazụ, onye dịkọrọ ndụ ịkwa emo kpọrọ ọ bụghị a aha, ma, nanị Avgustenkom.