Onye nyocha na onye na-achọta onye nlekọta bụ James Cook. Biography, akụkọ nleta njem

James Cook bụ otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta kasị ukwuu nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ. Nwoke na-eduga njem atọ na gburugburu ụwa, chọpụtara ọtụtụ ala na àgwà ọhụrụ, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ahụmahụ, onye nchọpụta na onye na-ese foto - onye James Cook bụ. Na nkenke banyere njem ya, gụọ isiokwu a.

Ụmụaka na nwata

A mụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ n'ọdịnihu na October 27, 1728 na obodo Marton (England). Nna ya bụ onye ọrụ ugbo dara ogbenye. Ka oge na-aga, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara n'obodo ukwu nke Ayton, bụ ebe James Cook nọ na-akụzi akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ezinụlọ ha dara ogbenye, a manyere ndị nne na nna Jemes ka ha nye ya onye na-azụ ahịa na-amụ ihe, bụ onye bi n'obodo nta nke Steytes.

N'ịbụ onye dị afọ iri na asatọ, James Cook, bụ onye akụkọ ya na-akọ banyere ya dị ka nwoke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na nke nwere nzube, hapụrụ ọrụ ya n'ụlọ ahịa ma goo nwa nwoke ụlọ maka ụgbọ mmiri. N'ihi ya, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. The ụgbọ mmiri nke ọ gara oké osimiri nke mbụ afọ ole na ole, tumadi gaa n'etiti London na English obodo nke Newcastle. Ọ gara Ireland, Norway na Baltic, ma wepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ohere ọ bụla ọ na-enwe maka agụmakwụkwọ onwe ya, nwere mmasị na sayensị dị otú ahụ dị ka mgbakọ na mwepụ, igodo, astronomy na geography. James Cook, bụ onye e nyere ọrụ dị elu n'elu otu n'ime ụgbọ mmiri nke ụlọ ahịa na-ere ahịa, chọrọ ịbanye dịka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ụgbọ mmiri nke Britain. Mgbe e mesịrị, o kere òkè na Agha Afọ asaa, na njedebe ọ kwadoro onwe ya dịka onye na-ese foto na onye na-ede akwụkwọ.

Njem nke mbụ na-aga ụwa

N'afọ 1766, British Admiralty kpebiri iziga njem nleta sayensị na Pacific, bụ nke ebumnuche dị iche iche dị iche iche na-ahụ maka ọdịdị mbara igwe, tinyere ụfọdụ nchịkọta. Na mgbakwunye, ọ dị mkpa ịchọpụta n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke New Zealand, nke Tasman chọpụtara na 1642, a họpụtara James Cook ka ọ bụrụ isi nke njem ahụ. Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ndụ ya nwere ihe karịrị otu njem, bụ nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ bụ isi.

James Cook si Plymouth gaa n'August 1768. Njem njem ahụ gafere Atlantic, gafere South America wee banye n'Oké Osimiri Pacific. A na-arụ ọrụ na mbara igwe nke Tahiti na June 3, 1769, mgbe nke a gasịrị, Cook zitere ụgbọ mmiri ndịda n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na ọnwa anọ ka e mesịrị rute New Zealand, bụ ebe ọ na-amụ akwụkwọ nke ọma tupu ya agaa njem ahụ. Ọzọ, o ji ụgbọ mmiri kwupụta Australia na-achọpụta na Torres Strait, nke n'oge ahụ e mara Europe, skirted ya si n'ebe ugwu, na October 11, 1970 ụgbọ mmiri na Batavia. N'Indonesia, njem ahụ nwere ntiwapụ nke ịba na ọnyụnyụ ọbara, nke otu n'ime ụzọ atọ n'ime ndị ahụ nwụrụ. N'ebe ahụ Cook gara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, gafee Osimiri Indian, gbara gburugburu Africa na July 12, 1771, laghachiri n'ala nna ya.

Njem nke abụọ nke ụwa

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke otu afọ ahụ, British Admiralty maliteghachiri njem ọzọ. Oge a, nzube ya bụ ịmụ akụkụ ndị a na-akọwabeghị nke Southern Hemisphere ma chọọ ebe a na-ekwu na mba Southern. E nyere James Cook ọrụ a.

Ụgbọ mmiri abụọ sitere na Plymouth na July 13, 1772 na n'October 30 ka ha rutere Kapstadt (nke dị ugbu a Cape Town), nke dị na ndịda Africa. Mgbe o mechara ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa, Cook nọgidere na-aga n'ebe ndịda. Na etiti Disemba, ndị njem ahụ gafere nnukwu ice nke gbochie ụzọ ụgbọ ahụ, ma Cook ezubeghị ịtọgbọ ya. Ọ gafere Southern Circle nke Arctic na January 17, 1773, ma n'oge na-adịghị anya, a manyere ndị na-atụgharị ụgbọ mmiri n'ebe ugwu. N'ime ọnwa ole na ole sochirinụ, ọ gara ọtụtụ agwaetiti dị iche iche nke Oceania na Pacific, ma mee mgbalị ọzọ iji gbaga n'ebe ndịda. Jenụwarị 30, 1774 njem ahụ jisiri ike ruo ebe kachasị anya nke njem ya. Ekem Cook ama ọtọn̄ọ ke edem edere, aka ediwak isuo. James Cook, onye ihe omumu ya juputara na ihe omumu, ma oge a na-agba ngwongwo n'elu agwaetiti ohuru. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị nnyocha na mpaghara a, ọ na-asọga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ma na December gafere na Tierra del Fuego. Njem ahụ laghachiri England na July 13, 1775.

Ná ngwụcha njem a, nke mere ka Cook bụrụ onye a ma ama na Europe dum, ọ nwetara nkwalite ọhụrụ, ma ghọọ onye òtù Royal Geographical Society, nke nyekwara ya nrite ọlaedo.

Njem nke atọ na-aga ụwa

Ebumnuche nke njem ọzọ bụ ịchọta ụzọ mgbago nke dị n'ebe ugwu site na Atlantic ruo Pacific Ocean. Njem nke James Cook malitere na Plymouth, site na, na July 12, 1776, njem nke gụnyere ụgbọ mmiri abụọ. Ndị njem ahụ rutere Kapstadt, sitekwa n'ebe ahụ gaa n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nakwa na njedebe nke 1777 gara Tasmania, New Zealand na n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Ke ufọt ufọt December nke ndị na-esonụ afọ, ndị njem gara Hawaiian Islands, mgbe nọgidere na-agbaso n'ebe ugwu, ebe Cook zitere mmiri tinyere na nsotu nile nke Canada na Alaska, gafere Arctic gburugburu , na n'oge na-adịghị, n'ikpeazụ rapaara na ihe siri ike ice, a manyere na-atụgharị azụ n'ebe ndịda.

Na January 1779 Cook rutere n'ebe ndị Hawaiian Islands , ma nọrọ n'ebe ahụ ruo nwa oge. 14 February n'etiti ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-asụ asụsụ ala nke agwaetiti nke Hawaii enwere a ogu nke ọtụtụ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na, gụnyere Captain Dzheyms Kuk e gburu.

Mmechi

Ihe nketa nke Cook - ihe edere ya nke nwere otutu ederede na ederede, bu ndi edeghariri ya otutu ugboro n'asusu di iche iche. Ihe ndekọ ndị a nwere mmasị karịsịa maka ndị nchọpụta taa. Dzheyms Kuk, onye biography jupụtara na yi Mpaghara, a na-ewere otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama na ndị ọsụ ụzọ na ndị dị otú ahụ greats ka Hristofor Kolumb na Amerigo Vespucci.