Orleans, France: History na nlegharị anya

Orleans, France - otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie obodo na mbụ mgbe nke abụọ kasị ukwuu na mba, ama mmeri English, nke na-aga site ama Joan nke Arc. Ma obodo bụ isi ulo oru mbo, wine na senti center nke France. Ọ na-adọta ndị njem nleta na ya ọgaranya akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta.

History Orleans

The founders nke obodo ebo nile nke Gauls, onye wuru ya dị ka a na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Loire River, na-eji dị ka akụ na ụba na usoro njem na France. Otú ọ dị, na 52 BC. e. ya bibiri ndị agha Rom edu Yuliem Tsezarem.

Revival Orleans were afọ 200, mgbe bịara na ike, onye eze ukwu Mark Avrely, mgbe nke o nyere aha Avrelianuma (1275). Nke a aha bụ ugbua 17 ọtụtụ narị afọ, n'oge nke, n'ihi na phonetic mgbanwe asụsụ ọ na-agụ dị ka Orleans (France).

Mgbe ọdịda nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom Avrelianum ghọrọ isi obodo nke alaeze ahụ, ọbụna ole na ole narị afọ - isi obodo nke duchy, chịrị site ikwu nke French eze.

Orleans obodo ebe a họọrọ n'ihi na idi nso osimiri ụzọ azụmahịa na nke ụgbọ mmiri na-ada ka France ngwongwo si gburugburu ụwa. Mgbe ahụ, na-ama na ọ bụ n'ala akọrọ, ha gafere Paris, dị nnọọ 100 kilomita site n'obodo.

N'ime narị afọ gara aga, Orleans ugboro ugboro doro ọgụ na agha, na na VI. na afọ 38 ochie ghọrọ okpukpe center nke mba n'ihi nke ndị kansụl chọọchị na (Nchụàjà Nzute) ẹkenịmde ebe a. Ruo oge ụfọdụ mgbe nkewa nke Frank ala obodo ghọrọ isi obodo nke alaeze Orleans. Ebe ọ bụ na X na. ọ na-atụle nke abụọ obodo na France, nke abụọ ná mkpa naanị na Paris.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa mere na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ. - nchọpụta nke mahadum, nke mere na obodo na-a na nkà mmụta sayensị center nke France.

Orleans na Middle Ages na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ.

Na XV narị afọ. The Orleans bụ a ịrịba omume, na-ahapụ a Chọpụta ihe mere eme nke France na England, ọ bụ ebe a na ihe karịrị a 100 afọ agha n'etiti mba abụọ ekele ndị agha, bụ ndị na-edu ndị Joan nke Arc, iji merie a see, mgbe nke na ọ nabatara ndị asọpụrụ aha "The odibo nke Orleans" .

Ọzọ kwesịrị ncheta ụbọchị na French akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ihe mwute - na 1572 na obodo e nwere na a St. Bartholomew si Night, nke ghọrọ ikpeazụ okpukpe agha n'etiti ndị Katọlik na Huguenots. Otu abalị ebe a nwụrụ ọnwụ ike fọrọ nke nta 1 puku. Huguenots.

Ọzọ nọchibidoro obodo nwetara na 1870s, na mgbe e mesịrị weghaara Prussian agha.

Laghachi ike ka Bourbon usoro

Na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ. na mba e akara oké akụkọ ihe mere eme ọdachi: mgbe ọdịda nke Napoleon laghachi ike, na usoro ndị eze nke Bourbons. Nke a usoro ama etre mgbe Napoleon agbapụla Elba, ebe ọ bụ n'ala ọzọ, na-agbalị ka ịlaghachi na ike. Otú ọ dị, ya 100 ụbọchị eze biri na mmeri na ọ kpataara ngụkọta agha nke England na Prussia na Agha nke Waterloo. Mgbe ahụ, Napoleon a chụgara St. Helena.

Malite site 1814, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke NYEGHACHI ogbo amalite France na Bourbon Orleans. Na mbụ wee na ike Lyudovik Xviii, mgbe ahụ, - Charles X, onye mere ya tọrọ ụmụnna ndị e gburu na 1792 n'oge mbụ French mgbanwe, King Louis XVI. Nke a oge na-aghọ dị iche iche na nzuzo ọha mmadụ na ibé, nke gụnyere mbụ ekpe Napoleon na ọtụtụ Republicans.

Lyudovik Xviii ama agadi, ọ hapụrụ na-agbanweghi agbanwe na Civil Code na ndutịm Ọdịdị nke ahụ ala, mgbe ọ na e kuchiri site French oruru, patterned English.

Charles X enweghị ebumnobi ọ bụla na-akwalite ultra Party na ọchịchị posts, ma ebe ọ bụ 1827, mgbe ntuli aka, na Liberals malitere na-abata na-eje posts. Na France, na Bourbons na Orleans (8 klas na-amụ ihe ndị mere n'oge) e a ọnọdụ mere site na-ekwesịghị ịdị iwu nke ọchịchị na afọ ojuju nke nkịtị, nke mere ka ọzọ mgbanwe.

Mgbanwe nke 1830

July 1830 kara akara mgbanwe ke Paris, na nke Charles X a kwaturu, na n'ọnọdu-ya nānọdu ikpeazụ French Korol Lui Philippe m, Duke nke Orleans (a aha buru na 1800).

France na Bourbon Orleans si mgbanwe na njedebe nke 1848 na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ndị mgbanwe nke Charter (1830), nke na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka okpukpe hara nhata, ndị reorganization nke electoral iwu na Mbelata mmetụta nke eze ike. Lui Filipp na nke a na-popularly utu aha "nwa amaala eze". N'oge ọchịchị ya, sochiri akwusighi na-elekọta mmadụ na ndụ nke mba, ọtụtụ akpa nkata nke-emegide ya, Republican nupụrụ isi, na ọbụna mgbalị na ndụ ya.

Ọnọdụ nke ndị ogbenye na France na Bourbon Orleans si mgbanwe nke 1830 na agbanwebeghị: mgbe akụ na ụba na mgbake na n'oge 1840s bịara nlaazu, malitere ntọt enweghị ọrụ, na impoverishment nke ọrụ gara n'ihu. Malite site 1846, na mba aku na uba na-abịa ịda mbà n'obi, Bilie oru ugbo ọgba aghara. February 1848 ji na erection nke barricades na n'okporo ámá ndị Paris na-ewu ewu na ọgba aghara, dị ka bụ mmalite nke abụọ Republic. King Lui Filipp gbagara England, ọ abdicated.

Iweghachi Orleans mgbe agha

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na obodo na oge site na 1940 ruo 1944, ọ bụ na-aka nke ndị agha Nazi. Na oge nke ya ufụn, US Air Force kpamkpam tụrụ bọmbụ n'obodo center e bibiri ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ na ncheta.

Ya mere, na post-agha afọ, ọtụtụ ụlọ wughachi dị ka ochie oru na ihe osise ma na-ịke, ma ewere n'ime akaụntụ oge a iga ụlọ ọrụ.

Orleans, France-Adọrọ Mmasị

Otu nke na akara nke ụmụ amaala kwere Orleans Jeanne d'Arc, nke na obodo a na-ama dị ka a warrior na a na-eto eto, otú ahụ ọtụtụ ndị na-adọrọ mmasị nke obodo a raara nye ya.

Isi katidral nke Orleans (France) - St. Croix, wuru na XIV narị afọ. n'iṅomi nke Paris-Notre Dame. Ọ e wuru na saịtị nke nsọ, bụ ebe Joan nke Arc eme ememe mmeri na agha na ụmụ amaala. N'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke facade nke temple bụ na e mere na Gothic style, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - na a kpamkpam dị iche iche, Romanesque. O mere n'ihi na nke mbibi ya na 1568 Huguenot nnupụisi. N'oge XVI-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ, katidral arụgharịrị ọhụrụ, ihe n'aka me a kpamkpam dị iche iche architects na-ewu ụlọ. The kasị nso-nso a wuru mgbịrịgba elu, site na nke, ekele ya elu nke 80 m, mma echiche nke obodo ahụ dum. Ntụpọ windo enyo nke katidral atụ akụkọ ndụ a nwa agbọghọ na-zọpụta ndị obodo si nnọchibido.

On Central square e nwere a ncheta Martrois odibo nke Orleans (ọkpụ E. Fuat), na na-adịghị anya na ọ na - a ngosi nka raara onwe ha nye ya ezie na. The ncheta e wuru na 1855 na ebe nke ochie ebibi n'oge mgbanwe, na-ajụ ke British cannons gharazie ịba uru na nke a chọrọ mma na Bas-tụrụ-egosi omume Jeanne.

, который занимается сбором всех документов, которые имеют отношение к ее жизни. The Orleans kemgbe 1974, e nwere a Center nke Joan nke Arc, nke na-anakọta niile akwụkwọ nwere na-eme na ndụ ya.

Orleans Museum

Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị nke obodo, akara ke aha nke Jean d'Arc - mbụ n'ụlọ nke Duke nke Orleans, ebe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ ụbọchị 1429 mgbe nwughari ebe a bụ a ngosi nka nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke France, nke a na-akpọ "Ụlọ Joan nke Arc", nke na-agwa banyere odibo nke Orleans ndụ si nwa na otu nke obodo nta nke Lorraine tupu egbu. Otu n'ime ihe ndị gosiri anyị na-agwa banyere nnọchibido obodo na 1429, na akwado ngosi raara nye Middle Ages.

Historical na Archaeological Museum na-arụ ọrụ site na 1823 ma na-egosi ndị ọbịa nchọpụta nke France na ndị Rom oge (a collection of arịa si oze Age), chọpụtara site ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na nkera nke abụọ nke XIX narị afọ., Nakwa dị ka ikpughe na Middle Ages na Renaissance. The ngosi nka gosipụtawo a dịgasị iche iche nke handicrafts na ọkpụkpụ. Ọ na-chọpụtara na otu ụlọ Kabyu, onye otu ugboro a na-akpọ Ụlọ Diane de Poitiers.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma ụlọ na Orleans (France) - Groslo mansion, wuru ke ẹbọ nke Burgundy, "ụlọ nche" ke XVI na narị afọ. -atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ du Serso. N'ihi na a oge e biri a King François II, na n'oge mgbanwe nke onyeisi obodo si ọrụ dị. The interiors na ngwá ụlọ na-ekpe na-agbanweghi agbanwe.

Museum of Fine Arts ọnọde ọrụ nke French na European nke nna ukwu nke sere, ọkpụkpụ, ngwá ụlọ na arịa, gụnyere a usoro nke ọrụ site nka nke Asaa-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ. pastels (atụle nke abụọ kasị ukwuu collection mgbe Louvre). E nwere ụlọ nke Art nouveau na oge a, mgbe mgbe, na akwado ngosi.

Royal Bridge n'elu Loire - bụ otu n'ime ihe nkiri nke Orleans (France) - wuru na iwu nke King George 5th, nke na-ama ama maka ya na-eje ije ma na-enwe n'obodo. Ọ na ejikọ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke France kasị ukwuu osimiri, ịdị adị nke onye na-ejikọrọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme na aku na uba nke mba. Taa nwata na-eji ebe a maka otu mgbede stroll site na obodo center.

Museum Charles Peguy, okoto Orleans, onye ghọrọ a na-ede uri na onye dere, na-emi odude ke a mara mma mansion na Renaissance style. Ebe a na-ya na na na-arụ ọrụ stylized ochie okpukpe omimi.

Joan nke Arc na Orleans ezumike

The mbụ ezumike na Orleans (France), raara nye Joan nke Arc, hazie site City na 1435, bụ mgbe ndị premiere nke play "The Mystery nke nnọchibido nke Orleans," reproduces kpọmkwem niile ihe. Ọ bụ ọbụna otu n'ime ndị ibe nke Joan nke Gilles de Rais, ikpe kwụrụ ụgwọ site arụmọrụ. Isi odide - nwa-okoro ahu, na obi umeala, nke na-ahọrọ ụmụ amaala na City Ụlọ Nzukọ.

Kemgbe ahụ, ọ bụla afọ na May 8, ẹkenịmde a ememe na akụkụ bụ isi nke obodo, wezụga na-mere naanị n'oge n'agha okpukpe. N'ime narị afọ gara aga, haziri mee obere mgbanwe, kwukwara odide, ẹkenam ememe nke bust nke Virgin rackets.

Na XIX narị afọ. n'oge ọchịchị nke King Lui Filippa ya e kwuru a mba ezumike kemgbe 1920 chọọchị na a ọha ezumike na May 8 E mechakwara gbakwụnyeghachi akwụkwọ ụfọdụ.