Ornithine okirikiri: mmeghachi omume atụmatụ, nkọwa, metabolic ọrịa

Iji mmadụ ịnọgide na-enwe kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ, ọ mepụtara usoro iji wepụ nsi. N'etiti ha, amonia - end-ngwaahịa nke metabolism nke nitrogen ogige, akpan akpan na-edozi. NH ₃ bụ na-egbu egbu maka organism, na dị ka ọ bụla nsi outputted via excretory usoro. Ma tupu amonia dabara a usoro nke consecutive Jeremaya mere, nke a na-akpọ ornithine okirikiri.

Types of nitrogen metabolism

Bụghị ụmụ anụmanụ nile ji ntọhapụ nke amonia n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi. Alternative ikpeazụ nitrogen metabolism bekee uric acid na urea. N'ihi ya, atọ ụdị na-akpọ nitrogen metabolism, dabere na-enwupụta umi.

Ammoniotelichesky ụdị. The ikpeazụ umi ebe a bụ amonia. Ọ bụ a colorless gas na bụ soluble n'ime mmiri. Ammonioteliya njirimara niile azụ ibi nnu ponds.

Ureotelic ụdị. Animals, nke na-ji ureoteliya, hapụ n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi nke urea. Ihe Nlereanya gụnyere freshwater azụ, amphibians, na mammals, gụnyere mmadụ.

Urikotelichesky ụdị. Ebe a bụ ndị na-anọchite anya nke anụmanụ ụwa, nke ikpeazụ metabolites bụ kristal nke uric acid. Nke a na umi dị ka ngwaahịa nke nitrogen metabolism n'akparamagwa ụmụ nnụnụ na ihe nākpu akpu.

Na nke ọ bụla nke ndị a, ndị ikpeazụ mgbanwe ngwaahịa nsogbu - ọ bụ na-enweghị isi mwepụ nke nitrogen si organism. Ọ bụrụ na nke a anaghị eme eme, e nwere a ekwu ọnụ ahịa mkpụrụ ndụ na mgbochi nke dị mkpa Jeremaya mere.

Gịnị bụ urea?

Urea - bụ ihe amide nke carbonic acid. Ọ a kpụrụ si amonia, carbon dioxide, nitrogen na amino iche iche nke ụfọdụ bekee n'oge ọ na nke Jeremaya mere, nke ornithine okirikiri. Urea - a ngwaahịa nhọrọ ureotelic anụmanụ, gụnyere ụmụ mmadụ.

Urea bụ otu n'ime ụzọ nke ngafe nitrogen excretion si ahụ. The guzobere a umi ga-azọ ọrụ dị ka precursor bụ urea - amonia bụ na-egbu egbu na mmadụ niime ụlọnga.

N'oge nhazi nke 100 g protein na mmamịrị nke dị iche iche ọdịdị guzo 20-25 g urea. The umi na-synthesized na nke imeju, na mgbe ahụ site na ọbara abatakwa nephron nke akụrụ na-anyụpụ na mmamịrị.

Imeju - isi aru nke urea

Na ahụ mmadụ na ọ dịghị otú ahụ a cell, nke ga-gara site na nnọọ niile na enzymes ornithine okirikiri. Ke adianade hepatocytes, n'ezie. Hepatic cell ọrụ bụ bụghị nanị na-njikọ na mbibi nke haemoglobin, ma na-arụ nke niile urea njikọ Jeremaya mere.

N'okpuru adabara nkọwa ornithine okirikiri eziokwu na ọ bụ nanị ụzọ na-ewepụ nitrogen si ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na, na omume, ka inhibit njikọ ma ọ bụ ihe isi enzyme urea njikọ akwụsị na-anwụ ozu ngafe amonia ke iyịp.

Ornithine okirikiri. n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ Jeremaya mere

urea njikọ okirikiri na-ewe ebe ọtụtụ nkebi. The n'ozuzu atụmatụ nke ornithine okirikiri a na-egosi n'okpuru (foto), ya mere nyochaa onye ọ bụla mmeghachi omume iche iche. The mbụ na nke abụọ nkebi-ebe kpọmkwem na mitochondria nke imeju mkpụrụ ndụ.

NH ₃ mkpatụ na carbon dioxide na mmefu nke abụọ ATP ụmụ irighiri. N'ihi nke ike na-ewe Jeremaya mere karbamoilfosfat kpụrụ, bụ nke nwere ike nkekọ. Catalyzes usoro a ihe enzyme karbamoilfosfat synthetase.

Karbamoilfosfat mkpatụ na ornithine n'okpuru ihe nke enzyme ornithine carbamoyl transferase. N'ihi ya, ike nkekọ na-ebibi ya, kama na-efu nke ya ike site na citrulline.

Nke atọ na ụdi nkebi-ebe bụghị na mitochondria na cytoplasm nke hepatocytes.

Bụ a mmeghachi omume n'etiti citrulline na aspartate. C 1 mmefu nke ATP molekul na enzyme arginine succinate synthase kpụrụ arginine succinate.

Arginine succinate ọnụ na enzyme arginine succinate lyase rapara ka arginine na fumarate.

Arginine na ọnụnọ nke mmiri na n'okpuru ihe nke arginase rapara na ornithine (mmeghachi omume 1) na urea (ikpeazụ ngwaahịa). The okirikiri ka-emechi.

Energy urea njikọ okirikiri

Ornithine okirikiri - ume-kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ usoro nke iwesa ike nkekọ ụmụ irighiri nke adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Kemgbe mmeghachi omume, 5 3 ii ọnụ ADP molekul. Ke adianade do, ike na-nọrọ na iga nke bekee site na mitochondria na cytoplasm na Anglịkan. Ebe ke ATP?

Fumarate, nke na e guzobere ke anọ mmeghachi omume ike ga-eji dị ka a mkpụrụ na tricarboxylic acid okirikiri. N'oge njikọ nke malate fumarate ekenyela NADPH, nke utịp ke a 3 ATP ụmụ irighiri.

The mmeghachi omume nke deamination nke glutamate sokwa na ọkọnọ nke imeju mkpụrụ ndụ na ike. N'otu oge ya guzo dị ka 3 ụmụ irighiri nke ATP, nke na-agba ọsọ na njikọ nke urea.

Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke ornithine okirikiri

Nọmalị, ndị urea njikọ mmeghachi omume ogbo na-arụ ọrụ na 60% nke na o kwere omume ụkpụrụ. Na ụba protein ọdịnaya nri ngwa ngwa ndị Jeremaya mere, nke na-eduga ná elu n'ozuzu arụmọrụ. Metabolic Disorders nke ornithine okirikiri hụrụ na elu ahụ exertion ruo ogologo oge na-ebu ọnụ, mgbe ahụ na-amalite imebi ala ya na-edozi.

Regulation nke ornithine okirikiri nwere ike ime na Biochemical larịị. Ebe a, na iche bụ isi enzyme karbamoilfosfat synthetase. Ya allosteric activator bụ N-acetyl-glutamate. Na ya elu ọdịnaya ke idem nke urea njikọ Jeremaya mere kwesịrị ekwesị. Na ụkọ nke umi ma ọ bụ ya precursors, glutamate na acetyl-CoA, ornithine okirikiri tụfuru ya ọtọ ibu.

Communication urea njikọ okirikiri, Krebs okirikiri

The mmeghachi omume nke ma Filiks-ebe na mitochondrial matriks. Nke a na-enye ohere iso na-ụfọdụ organic okwu abụọ Biochemical Filiks.

CO ₂ na adenosine, nke na-guzobere na citric acid okirikiri, ndị precursors karbamoilfosfata. ATP bụkwa ihe dị mkpa isi iyi nke ike.

Ornithine okirikiri, Jeremaya mere nke ime ke hepatocytes nke imeju, - a bụ isi iyi nke fumarate, otu n'ime isi substrates nke Krebs okirikiri. Ọzọkwa, a na umi dị ka a n'ihi nke multiple stepwise Jeremaya mere enye ịrị elu aspartate, nke n'aka nke na-eji na biosynthesis nke ornithine okirikiri. Jeremaya mere metụtara fumarate NADPH bụ isi iyi, na ike ga-eji na-phosphorylate ADP ka ATP.

The ndu pụtara ornithine okirikiri

Otutu nke nitrogen abatakwa ahụ n'ime ndi na-edozi. Na na metabolism nke na-amino asịd na-ebibi, amonia a kpụrụ dị ka ihe ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa nke metabolism. Ornithine okirikiri - a plurality nke soje Jeremaya mere, ndị isi ọrụ nke bụ na detoxify NH ₃ na ya translation n'ime urea. Urea, n'aka nke ya, aga n'ime akụrụ nephron na anyụpụ na mmamịrị.

Ke adianade do, site na-ornithine okirikiri bụ isi iyi nke arginine - otu n'ime ndị dị oké mkpa amino asịd.

Abnormalities na urea njikọ pụrụ iduga ndị dị otú ahụ na ọrịa dị ka hyperammonemia. Nke a daa ọrịa e ji ihe mụbara ịta nke ammonium ion NH _⁴⁺ na ọbara mmadụ. Ndị a ion imetụta ndụ nke organism, mechisịrị ọnụ ala ma ọ bụ selata ụfọdụ dị mkpa n'ibu. Ileghara a na ọrịa nwere ike iduga ọnwụ.