Panama Canal (n'afọ nke oghere - 1914 nke): keakamere waterway ijikọ Pacific na Atlantic oké osimiri

Of ọdịdị ala N'ezie anyị maara na ndị Panama Canal bụ otu n'ime isi mmiri njem ụzọ gasị interconnecting na Pacific na Atlantic oké osimiri. Ọ gafere ala ahụ dị warara nke otu aha ya nke ukwuu kasị ala akụkụ. Dị ka a n'ihi nke Titanic na-arụ ọrụ ọ na-e nke ukwu shortened oké osimiri ụzọ n'etiti ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ka ihe atụ, site na San Francisco ka New York si 24 300 km 10 700 km. Panama Canal (oghere afọ 1914 D) nwere ogologo 81 km, na oge nke ya Itie bụ mkpokọta awa asatọ.

Nke a ọwa, tinyere Kiel na Suez, nwere mba ọnọdụ na ike ga-eji naanị na ike dị iwu mba na-adịkarị ghọtara ụkpụrụ na mba iwu nke mba ọ bụ nke. Ọ ama 95 afọ. Na e tụụrụ ime Panama Canal (mmalite afọ 1914 nke ọ bụ ezie na e depụtara) na mmalite nke iri na isii na narị afọ.

Na oge site na 1534 ka 1823 echiche nke ewu ya nwere uche ndị na-Spanish ọchịchị. Ọ ugboro ugboro na-eduzi ọtụtụ nchọpụta na ebe, wuru a ọwa na-ebu / ewu atụmatụ, ihe dị mkpa maka ihe niile mgbanwe ahụ dị warara agafe. Na 1814 na Spaniards ọbụna site n'ebe dị anya kwekọrọ ekwekọ iwu. Ma na 1823, ha na-efu ya nile bi na South na Central America, na hapụworo atụmatụ ha. The esote afọ 50, researches na oru aku na British, America, French na Dutch. Na ọgwụgwụ na-ekewaghị ekewa nri nke ewu na kwetara maka 99 afọ, natara a French ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ mere na 1876, afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị ụlọ ọrụ na-weghaara a diplomaati Ferdinand de bụkwa na Lesseps, engineer nke na-ewu nke Suez Canal, meghere maka Maritime bit mbụ - November 17, 1869.

Bụkwa na Lesseps ụlọ ọrụ ekemende wee odida, a họpụtara receivership, na na 1904 na ụlọ ọrụ e rere ka ndị US ọchịchị na nchikota nke $ 40 nde. Americans kwetara na Panama Canal na ndu ebighi-mgbazinye ebe, na ndị na-ewu ihe Panama Canal. Emepe afọ, 1914 nke, kara akara ọgwụgwụ nke afọ 11 mgbalị na-agwụ ike na-arụ ọrụ ma gosi otú ihe ọ na-eri ala mejuputa echiche. The ego aha ya bụ bukwanu - 220 nde dollar.

N'ihi bụ a isii ọsọ ụzọ ámá Itie site Isthmus nke Panama si Atlantic n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Cristobal ka Balboa mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Pacific n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na ntụziaka si n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. ogologo nke ọwa, dị ka e kwuru, 80 km, nke 42 - wuru ọwa na akpọchi. Na ogologo nke mkpọchi-ulo bụ 305 mita, obosara - 33 na ọkara. Ndị a akụkụ eme ka o kwe ruo 85% nke ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ ahịa ụgbọ mmiri na gburugburu ụwa.

The mbụ ụgbọ mmiri gabiga Isthmus on 15 August 1914, ma ukara mmeghe nke Panama Canal wee ebe on June 12, 1920, mgbe nke ọ na-nyere juputara n'ụtọ.

Ugbu a, ụlọikpe e chebere si enwe na-aga gburugburu Cape Horn na Strait nke Magellan, otú ihe ndị kasị mkpa mbupu Lanes a gbanwere. Year nke oghere nke Panama Canal bụ mmalite nke a n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ na igodo na mpaghara. Na 2-3 ugboro iji belata anya n'etiti n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nsotu nile nke Canada na United States, n'etiti Far East na United States, n'etiti mba nke Latin America onwe ya.

Back na 20s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, Panama bụ iji ịsụgharị ọwa n'okpuru ya ikike. Usoro a weere ọnọdụ na nkebi, ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na e dechara naanị December 31, 1999, mgbe Panama Canal (oghere n'afọ 1914, nke mbụ nke nke, t. E. N'ime afọ 85) nweela a full na irè onwe.