"Petr Veliky" - nuclear ugbo agha. Nuclear agha ugbo agha "Petr Veliky": nkọwa

The isi pụtara ìhè ike nke Russian Navy atụle submarines, nuclear na dizel-electric. Ha bụ ndị siri ọrụ n'ebe ala ha n'ikperé mmiri, unobtrusively egosi vulnerability nke pụrụ ịbụ ndị iro, site n'oge ruo n'oge, na-ama ụma ikwe onwe ya "ịchọpụta". Abụrụ si ogbu nke oké osimiri na ihe ndị kasị-atụghị anya ya, na nso nso gbalaga eduzi site mba ọzọ navies, ha na-egosi ha na ọchịagha nke ụgbọ mmiri na na, n'agbanyeghị na invisibility, ha ka dị. Na peacetime, omume dị otú ahụ a na-ewere nkịtị, mgbe na ihe banyere ọnụnọ nke submarines agha na-egosipụta dị iche iche. Ma submariners nwere si eme na ije nke elu arịa bụ fọrọ nke nta ka-agaghị ekwe omume na-ezo, karịsịa ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka nnukwu ugbo elu na-ebu ma ọ bụ mgbere na nuclear ike osisi. O yiri ka ndị dike a na-adịghị atụ egwu nke onye ọ bụla.

Ọ dị mkpa n'ihi na nke a Refeyim?

Nke ahụ bụ otú na-akpa àgwà na oké osimiri nuclear agha ugbo agha "Petr Veliky". "Military Review" - a website raara nye anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ na ngwá agha usoro, - ịme ọbịa ka ọtụtụ oru nkọwa nke ụgbọ mmiri Ọdịdị, ya na-agba ọsọ arụmọrụ, ma ghara nyochasịrị ya ọgụ irè na ihe omume nke a dị oké njọ na mmiri ma ọ bụ zuru ụwa ọnụ agha. Otú ọ dị a ugbo agha, tọrọ ntọala na 1986, nwere ike ọ gaghịzi izute chọrọ nke narị afọ iri ọhụrụ, ọ e mere na-enweghị-ewere n'ime akaụntụ technology na ala ọhụhụ bụ nnukwu na-egbuke egbuke onwunwu mgbaru ọsọ. Ọ nwere uru, ma o nwere ọtụtụ-adịghị emezi emezi, dị ka ọdịnaya nke ọgụ unit eri Russian àkù na gburugburu nchikota kwa afo. Ya mere na ọ dị mkpa ma ọ bụrụ na anyị nsoro nuclear kwadoro ugbo agha "Petr Veliky" ma ọ bụ mma ma dị ọnụ ala ka ot submarines, agha na usoro na naval ụgbọelu? Olee ihe ịga nke ọma na ọ ga-enwe ike iji chebe Russian Maritime ala na ihe omume nke ọnọdụ pụrụ iche nke mba ọzọ amụma? Ihe o nwere rivals n'ime osimiri?

Ajụjụ ndị a na-achọ ọtụtụ zuru ezu ma na-azaghachi.

"Orlan" Series

N'oge ndị ahụ, mgbe ndị Soviet Union nsoro nyere n'iwu site Admiral Gorshkov, a nkịtị akụziri naval atụmatụ dabeere na nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri, ma elu ma mmiri n'okpuru osimiri. The anwụ anwụ ike nke Soviet Navy okpuru mmiri-nrara ọtụtụ nuclear submarines na mgbere, bristling na agha launchers, radars na antennas. Dizel ike osisi narrowed nso nke arụmọrụ ojiji nke naval agha. Nye ( "Petr Veliky" ebe 1998) ekwe omume nke a anya ọnụnọ ọ bụla akụkụ nke ụwa oké osimiri tọrọ na Baltic Plant "Yuri Andropov". Nuclear ugbo agha e wuru na otu, n'agbanyeghị oké njọ aku isi ike nke oge nke nhazigharị na shipyards malitere a usoro anọ n'ụgbọ mmiri na 1144 mbụ oru ngo na natara izugbe aha "Orlan". Native "ụmụnna", "Andropov" ígwè "Kirov", "Frunze" na "Kalinin", na-aha ya bụ mgbe a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Communist Party. Ụdi ihe, bụ nke malitere ime na mba, gosiri na site ịtụkwasị ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu ọrụ nke re-elu agha nke Navy na-edu ndú nke mba a ole na ole na-ekpo ọkụ. Ugbu a, nke dum usoro, naanị otu nuclear agha ugbo agha "Petr Veliky" bụ a ọgụ-njikere unit. Gịnị ga-eme ka "Admiral Lazarev" (bụbu "Frunze") na "Admiral Nakhimov" ( "Kalinin"), o doro anya na ha na-na-na-kwalite na ya ga-eguzosi ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke afọ iri na-arụ ọrụ. The eke nke "Admiral Ushakov" ( "Kirov"), mwute, na-eche ụgbọ mmiri imegharị ihe maka iji.

Sinik elu na-eji nwayọọ, o nwere ike ọ bụghị

Nke a ụgbọ mmiri a abụghị nnọọ nnukwu. Ibu karịa ya bụ naanị na-ebu. O nwere ike ịbụ afọ na kwurula igodo, nke na-amị kpara nnọchi nke na ndị emepụta nri nri ebuka. The otu mejupụtara 727-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, sergeants, ikike ndị isi na ndị ọrụ nche, gụnyere 18 ụgbọelu na mmezi anya, ọrụ helicopters. The ọsọ nke 32 mara akpụ. Ndahie nke 26.000 tọn. Ọ ga-iburu n'uche na iji hụ na nzuzo nke ọdịdị ya na ihe ọ bụla ụwa na oké osimiri ebe bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume. Ma ọ bụghị ihe na-size, ma ọ bụ kama, ọ bụghị naanị na ha. Itie site na ihe isi ike ma ọ bụ ọwa disavows na ala-na-tonnage ụgbọ mmiri, ọ bụghị na nuclear ugbo agha "Petr Veliky". News na a akpan akpan ụgbọelu, mbibi ma ọ bụ frigeeti gabiga Suez Canal, na Bosphorus na Dardanelles, kama achụsakwa n'ụwa nile. Ya mere, ihe bụ isi nke a ibu ma ọ bụrụ na ya na ọnọdụ a na mgbe nile mara, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị site na TV, dị ka satellite nlekota?

isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ

Ọ bụ doro anya na onye ahụ nke n'ikperé nke a dị ike ụgbọ mmiri nke ọ bụla nwere mmegide na nche na ịkpọsa a n'ozuzu mkpu. Otu ihe ahụ ga-abụ onyeisi ndị naval compound, nke, n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ, na-agakwuru ndị arọ nuclear agha ugbo agha "Petr Veliky". Ọ bụrụ na ihe omume dị otú a na-eme n'oge udo, ihe niile arụchaala mgbe "mgbanwe nke-akpa àgwà ọma," na skwodron olu ọma agbabawo ya rụọ na-agbachitere usoro, "ka ụfọdụ mkpọtụ" njikọ na-aga, "dị ka ụgbọ mmiri n'oké osimiri." Ma ọ ga-aga ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ ufiop na ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ na ihe omume nke agha. Dị ka a nnukwu iche iro ozugbo oghe ọku, na ga-eme ihe ọ bụla na-etinye na ala nke ugbo agha. The amalite ga-azaghachi mgbochi ship akụ ụta, torpedoes, ikuku etiwapụ na ndị ọzọ na-enweghị omume enyi omume, "Petro Veliky"? Ọ bụrụ na ọ nwere ike na-etinye onwe ya na ikpe nke na mkpa tupu-emptive iku?

Ee. Iji mee nke a, o nwere ihe niile dị gị mkpa.

agha

Ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche ọ bụghị nanị na size. Na ụwa na e nweghị ndị dị otú ahụ neavianesuschih njikere ụgbọ mmiri "Petr Veliky". Nuclear ugbo agha nwere on board a nnukwu kpụrụ nke ihe niile kwere omume n'aka ọku mmebi ma na-echebe megide ikuku ọgụ, ụgbọ agha okpuru mmiri ọgụ, m egwu na ndị ọzọ n'ihe ize ndụ. "Chief caliber" bụ akụ ụta "Granit", agba iri abụọ launchers n'okpuru oche.

Attack nke mkpọ a shells ịtachi obi agaghị ekwe omume, ha na-enwe integrated, guzo-naanị akara usoro. Flight achikota "onye ndú" ga-ebili n'elu ndị ọzọ niile na akụ ụta, na bụrụ na nke ya meriri onye iro agha pụtara na e nwere ihe akpaka "ọrụ" nke onye ndú ọhụrụ. Na njikọ na radio nnyonye anya na ụgha ihe gbara "konkiri" nwere ike na-atụle ihe ndị gbara ọkpụrụkpụ.

Air agbachitere usoro S-300F (n'ihi na mmiri ngwa) gbakwunyere na-emegide ugbo elu usoro "Mma Daga" na "Chestnut". Ndị a ụlọ ọrụ na-echebe site na mmetụta nke Tarka mgbochi ship agba ulo oru gụnyere nke sitere na ụgbọelu. Ọzọkwa, ha nwere ike na-awakpo ọbụna ultra-kpọmkwem bombs na laser nduzi.

Attack torpedo na agha na ụgbọ mmiri na-emezughị. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị agha na ogbunigwe 130-caliber, ike kụrụ na a anya nke ruo 22 kilomita. Ibuso onye-iro submarines nuclear arọ ugbo agha "Petr Veliky" na-onwem na iri launchers "Waterfall" na anọ na iri na abuo mgbochi tank eduzi agba RSL-40, na inyere ha aka ịchọta ndị Ka-27 - ha abụọ. Ma nke ahụ bụ bụghị ihe niile.

Ke ofụri ofụri, a otutu ngwá agha. Na iji chebe onwe na-akpasu iwe ọkụ e nwere ọtụtụ na-.

Phantom nke eighties?

Otú ọ dị, ihe niile a apụtaghị na Tarka "Petr Veliky" nwere ike na-akpọ nke zuru okè unsinkable ugbo agha megide nke onye iro dị ike. Ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha bụ nanị bụghị ikpe, karịsịa ebe ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri e mere ruo ogologo oge, ọ fọrọ nke nta atọ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ gara aga. N'oge a, ndị agha shipbuilding echiche agbanweela, ibu dị iche iche silhouettes nke warships, pụtara ọhụrụ ndepụta oké osimiri "Stealth" okụrede mgbagwoju ikpa antennas mfe iche-iche, contours edoghi ibu gbajiri. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara na ubi nke ngwá agha "Petr Veliky" (arọ nuclear agha ugbo agha Project 1144) yiri ka a mọ kenchara oge nke ndị seventies na eighties. Ugbua o nwere a resonant gratings, Rada na nkwukọrịta antennas otutu. Na-enye ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ọkachamara na US, "Orli Berk" - a mbibi, wuru na niile oge a chọrọ maka stealth na ozi nkwado.

US rivals

Ee, US mbibi amasị ya na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ-oge a anya. Ọ bụ naanị a robot-transformer nke ụdị ụfọdụ, na o nweghị protruding akụkụ, a na kọmputa usoro na-enye (dị ka Pentagon) oge mbụ nchọpụta na nnọọ ngwa ngwa arụmọrụ mkpebi. E nwere a nchegbu dị ka otú ọma ga-enwe ike rụọ ọrụ nuclear ugbo agha "Petr Veliky" megide "Aegis" usoro, nke a kwadebere n'ụzọ na-ebukọrọ ụdị "Orli Berk".

Ma ọ bụghị ihe niile bụ nnọọ mwute. The eziokwu na ọhụrụ American mmiri e kere na ndabere nke abụọ isi ụkpụrụ: Ịnwetacha uru ịrụ mwekota nke akara usoro na-ebelata-akwụ ụgwọ.

"Aegis" usoro

Rada ojii AN / Nledo-1, setịpụrụ na "Orli Berk" dị ka mpi-eji anọ phased n'usoro, fixedly mmasị ka superstructure. The dum usoro a na-emechi ka a otu machining center, nke, N'ezie, ọ bara uru na akụkụ nke mkpọtụ ọgụ, ma-asụchikwa nso nke anya nke nchọpụta na nsuso nke zaa. Karịsịa, a mwepu-egosipụta onwe ya dị ka ọ dị mkpa echiche ọgụ supersonic ala-na-na-efe efe mgbochi ship agba, nke nwere a "Petr Veliky". Nuclear ugbo agha ekele ya size nwere ike na-ebu ọtụtụ ngwá agha, na ya na poolu, emi odude elu, na-enye n'oge ịdọ aka ná ntị nke ọbụna ndị dị otú aghụghọ ihe dị ka ụgbọ mmiri na nke klas "Orli Berk" (nke bụ adịghị ahụ anya na-akpọ ka ike).

About antennas "Petra Velikogo"

Ee, a otutu efere, na ọ bụ n'ihi na ha nwere ya n'ụzọ doro anya anya na Rada meziri, "Petr Veliky". Nuclear ugbo agha na-onwem na atọ Rada ụgbọ, ọ bụla nke na-emezu ya akụkụ nke ọrụ. "Ọwụwa" (MP-600), ofu aka foremast, na-arụ na ihe nnyocha ọrụ. N'okpuru ebe a, na a ọgba, emi odude Rada "frigeeti M 2 '(MP-750), ọ na-ekpebi atọ lekwasịrị nrụtụ. Na foremast ka mpi "mistimed" (MP-350), ọ bụ ike ịchọpụta ala-na-na-efe efe zaa - nke a bụ mmewere na kọrọ a coherent yinye mgbochi American nchebe "Aegis" usoro. "Mee ihe maka" na-arụ ọrụ a na-ahazi usoro, na nwere nnukwu Doppler ọnụego na Nchikota na a obere elu n'akuku inye ndị chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ. N'ihi ya, n'agbanyeghị na ya nọchiri ihu, Tarka "Petr Veliky" nwere niile Ohere kụrụ a ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ oge a ụgbọ mmiri nke a nwere onye iro, see ya niile ya ọgaranya ngwá. o nwere ike na-enwe ọganihu, ya mere, a na anya agha anaghị ize ịchọpụta onye iro. Tụgharịa agba ya bụkwa ezi ike ime nke a, o nwere ihe niile dị gị mkpa.

atụmanya

History maara ọtụtụ ihe atụ mgbe warships nọ Navy ọtụtụ iri afọ. Guzosie ike mere aru, akwọ ụgbọala nke ọma na-achịkwa ike na nnukwu displacement-enye ihe ndabere maka modernization nke ụgbọ mmiri na-eduzi ya na akara na chọrọ nke oge. E ọ bụla na-egosi na nuclear-kwadoro ugbo agha "Petr Veliky", teknuzu e ji mara nke nwere ike na-na-akpọ pụta ìhè, ga-ejikwara maka a ogologo oge. Ọ dịghị analogues ọbụna ndị ọzọ yiri mmiri na nuclear ike osisi, dị ka "VA" ma ọ bụ "Long Beach", dị nnọọ nta karịa anyị flagship nke Northern Fleet na Ndahie, na ya mere na modernization nwere. Bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ya propulsion usoro, gụnyere abụọ ngwa ngwa neutron chernobyl na inyeaka boilers, dịkwuo ike nke 300 megawatts.

N'ụzọ dị mkpa, ọ bụ a ọrụ ebube anụ ụlọ shipbuilding ụlọ ọrụ bụ na Onye Okike nke aha nke Russian Navy, bụ onye malitere a-arụ ọrụ ọma ewu a obi umeala obere ụgbọ mmiri.

Ikekwe, ọ ga-abụ ọtụtụ iri afọ tupu oge mgbe ọ na-ewepụ si Navy agha nuklia agha ugbo agha "Petr Veliky", nke ga-abịa iji dochie ọhụrụ mmiri nke atọ na narị afọ iri.