Petroleum ụlọ ọrụ na Russia

Oil - isi ike commodities. Otú ọ dị, mmanụ mee adịghị enweghi ngwụcha. Ya mere, na oriri nke "nwa gold" nke a na-zubere na-amachi, ịpụ maka ndị ọzọ ume na isi mmalite (anyanwụ, nuclear). Ma iji belata ya oriri na ndị ọzọ ọrụ bụ ma o kwere omume.

Na 1992, ndị Russian mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ dabeere na abụọ mmanụ na-emepụta na mpaghara. Western Siberia amịghịkwa banyere 70% nke ngwaọrụ, ihe ọzọ 20% e nyere Volga-Ural ugwu, ndị fọdụrụ 5% e kwere Sakhalin, Kaliningrad region na Northern Caucasus.

The mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ Russia mepụtara na Soviet oge, nakwa dị ka dum aku na uba, mkpumkpu. The akpa nsogbu bịara n'afọ 1977, mgbe olu nke crude mmanụ Western Siberia ebelata n'ike n'ike. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọrịa na-ewere omume prospecting na ngagharị ọrụ. Ihe atụ, na afọ 70 nke Soviet oge ike ka iwelie olu nke mmepụta mkpọpu ala, ma-egwu ngagharị oyi kpọnwụrụ. Mbelata nke mmanụ were fọrọ nke nta ka afọ itoolu. Samotlor (ibu) ubi mmepụta ebelata site na 20 nde tọn, nọgidere na usen site na 10 nde tọn kwa afọ. Na 1985, 16% of na-abaghị uru akọwa. Quality ngwa ngwa gbapuru olulu na-ogbenye. The akpa nsogbu nke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na Russia ka merie "Soviet-style" - iru-elu-egwu ...

The akpata ihe ọzọ nsogbu bụ ọdịda nke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ iji meziwanye arụpụtaghị. The nsogbu ahụ edozi typical Soviet "ihe mberede" jikoro: nnukwu mwubata nke oru na isi obodo. Ebe ọ bụ na 1986, mmepụta ojuju bụ ime ka, na na 1988 Russian mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ ndia ndekọ nke 570 nde tọn.

Na ọzọ - nlaazu. 1994 - mmepụta dara site 44% na 1995 - a dị mfe 22 000 iyi 140 000. adịwanye njọ mmanụ Ọdịdị. Nsogbu a na-akawanye a sequel, na-enye ịrị elu na-abawanye na ume ahịa (n'agbanyeghị oké ala àgwà nke ngwaahịa). N'ihi ya, price malitere ebili na fọrọ nke nta niile ngwá ahịa, na a na n'aka belatara ina na anụ ụlọ ahịa.

Russian mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ structuring. Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ software (ulo oru mkpakọrịta), haziri na ntuziaka nke ọchịchị Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk, Urai. Onye ọ bụla na ụdị nile nke ọrụ na chekwaa ebe e jikọọ: na search maka, na ngagharị na mmepụta na ejegharịrị, na njem, na ọbụna rụziri mgbidi. Ọdịdị nke ahụ software gụnyere na oru (research). The ice-e tiwara - otú ahụ nyere ezi ihe. Anyị malitere ike a ekwesị ike mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ "site ngagharị na gas ụgbọ", a na-ahụkarị Ọdịdị na-agụnye, otu ihe ndị ọzọ, mkpọpu ala na ụlọ ọrụ na ahịa òtù.

Ihe ruuru ndị Ministry, nke ghọrọ Rosneftegas mbụ, mgbe ahụ, Ministry of Energy, bụ njem nke mmanụ na ya na ngwaahịa, nke anya e zigara Transnefteprodukt na Transneft. The mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na Russia meghere a ọhụrụ ume. Ọ ugbu a na-agụnye ihe karịrị otu nde mmadụ.

Taa Russian mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ bụ isi iyi nke ego ego nke ala. Basic ego enye ume ebupụ na bụbu mba Soviet (CIS), na na-eme n'ọdịnihu (Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Ireland, na Netherlands, Slovakia, Poland, Switzerland, UK). Export bụ omume na-ebelata naanị bandwit nke iga na usoro.

Efe bụ "iku ume" na esịtidem ahịa na dịtụ ala anụ ụlọ ahịa. Ka ihe atụ, Russian mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ihe dị ọnụ ala karịa mba ọzọ analogues. N'ihi na mmanụ tụkwasị usoro maka mkpa nke ala, ụlọ ọrụ akanyam a ụfọdụ ego nke mmanụ site na mma-ofu ahịa.