Philosophy Berdyaev

Berdyaev (1874-1948) si a magburu onwe ezinụlọ. Na-amụ na Mahadum nke Kiev, ọ malitere ịga circling nke Social Democrats ma nwee mmasị na echiche nke Marxism. Ugbua na oge a na ọ ghọrọ nwere mmasị na nkà ihe ọmụma ajụjụ, m na-agụ Hegel, Kant, Schelling, Marx, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Tolstoy. Nke nta nke nta kpụrụ ya nkà ihe ọmụma nke Berdyaev, na etiti nke nke bụ a okpukpe Idealist nkà ihe ọmụma. N'ime oge ahụ, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-akatọ ịhụ ego n'anya na Marxism.

Ya worldview e guzobere n'oge na-arụ ọrụ na "Ajụjụ nke Ndụ" na "New Way". Ọ bụ ya bụ nchoputa nke okpukpe-nkà ihe ọmụma mmadụ, a na-akpọ "Memory Soloviev." Na 1911, o bipụtara ya mbụ ọrụ. "Nkà ihe ọmụma nke nnwere onwe," Berdyaev akara ẹkụre ya ọchịchọ na ziri ezi nke nkà ihe ọmụma nke "neo-Christianity" na definition nke "ọhụrụ okpukpe nsụhọ". Na 1916 pụtara ya ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, "The Meaning nke Creativity", nke ghọtara echiche ya.

The First World War mmetụta dị ukwuu àgwà nke ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma, bụ ndị weere ya dị ka ọgwụgwụ nke ụmụ mmadụ bụ ihe mere eme. Historical ike na ike na-emezu ozi nke ịdịghachi Christian mmadu, ọ hụrụ naanị na Russia. N'ihi ya, ọ nabatara ndị February mgbanwe na October sharply ezighị-aghọta. The Bolshevik socialism n'akwụkwọ ya "The Philosophy of inequality" ọ na-akpọ "amanye a ụmụnna."

Berdyaev kere Free Academy nke Ime Mmụọ Culture. Ojuju nke Bolshevik akụziri mere ya ntị nke ndị ọchịchị, e jidere ya ugboro abụọ n'afọ 1922 - zitere mba ọzọ "nkà ihe ọmụma ụgbọ mmiri".

Isi ọrụ ndị na-egosipụta àgwà na nkà ihe ọmụma nke Berdyaev, e kere na oge nke ije biri n'ala (Berlin mbụ, mgbe ahụ na French obodo nke Clamart). Ya isi ọrụ - "Philosophy nke Free Spirit", "Pụtara Creativity", "Ịgba Ohu na mmadụ nnwere onwe", "Mmụọ Nsọ na Adị," "Alaeze nke Mmụọ na alaeze nke Siza," "The ahụmahụ nke eschatological metaphysics."

The center nke ya nkà ihe ọmụma echiche - isiokwu nke mmadụ. Berdyaev na nkà ihe ọmụma dabeere na postulate nke nnwere onwe na nke creativity na àgwà. Ya na ozizi ya na-ezo na ọnọdụ nke existentialism na personalism.

Berdyaev kweere na ọdịdị mmadụ owu na-ama, anọghị ná nchebe na gbahapụrụ ndị gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na-elekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, enslaves onye na-akpali melancholy ordinariness. Site na-emegbu egwu mmadụ bụ ike ka onwe naanị na nkà ihe ọmụma na nke ahụ bụ ihe itunanya si nzuzu, ime ihe ike na àgwà nke ụwa (ọrụ "M na ụwa nke ihe," nke Berdyaev dere n'oge na-adịghị).

Nkà ihe ọmụma nke nnwere onwe ya ọrụ e mara na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, n'etiti ha "Self-ihe ọmụma". Ya na ozizi ya na-iji na-enyere onye na-a proactive na ihe ọnọdụ, si otú na-agbasa ezughị okè nke ndụ.

Ya atọ isi echiche - bụ echiche nke "eluigwe na ala Christianity," echiche nke nnwere onwe na creativity nke mgbaghara. Ke ofụri ofụri, echiche ya paradoskalno pụta ụwa uche nke ndụ nsogbu na ihunanya na n'otu oge ahụ obi ike na mmeri nke ezigbo.

Dị ka a okpukpe thinker Berdyaev kere ihe mbụ cosmogonic echiche nke ụwa. Tupu ndụ adị abis (na enweghi uche obodo nke nnwere onwe). Bu, na nnwere onwe a kpọkwasịwo oké ihe niile, ọbụna Chineke, onye a mụrụ na mgbe e mesịrị kere ụwa na ndị mmadụ. Chineke wụsara ndị na-spirit ume ha na onye. Ya mere, ụwa nwere ihe abụọ bases: mọ na nnwere onwe. Ndị a bases na-jikọtara na nwoke na-emegide onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Mmụọ bụ isi na ikwu na ihe onwunwe ụwa na ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama maka ụmụ mmadụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-agụnye nsụhọ na onwe-nsụhọ nke ndị mmadụ.

Berdyaev na nkà ihe ọmụma nyere ezigbo nke nnwere onwe na nke ọha mmadụ, nke ọ kpọrọ "personalist socialism," nke pụtara na ndị n'ọkwá nke onye n'elu ọha mmadụ. Ma nke a obodo nke ndị mmadụ na-apụghị iru na a ọha mmadụ, ma naanị na Chineke ( "collegiality"). Ya mere, ihe bụ nzube nke akụkọ ụmụ mmadụ bụ dispensation nke ala-eze Chineke. The Earth akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ oke, ma ọ bụghị a ọdachi, na Merie nke ịkpọasị, anonymity na objectification.