Proterozoic oge: ahịhịa ogwu ụzọ nke Ụwa evolushọn

Proterozoic oge, nke e kere banyere abụọ ijeri afọ, keere òkè dị mkpa guzobe nke ụwa dị ka anyị si mara ya ugbu a. Nke a bụ ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ geological oge, ọ were fọrọ nke nta ọkara nke ngụkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa, ndị ji a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke milestones, mbịne azụ ụwa evolushọn.

Ọ Proterozoic oge "kwuru" na-abawanye na mmiri pụta na hydrosphere, nke mere na mbụ oké osimiri malitere ka jikota n'ime otu oké osimiri na a mbara ọnụ ọgụgụ, na ọkwa nke e mechara ruo n'elu oké osimiri ridges. Nke a mbụ tectonics geochemical ókè akara a nkọ abawanye na ogo nke hydration nke Oceanic lithosphere cortex (n'ihi oké saturation zones Rift nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ na oké osimiri nnu mmiri). Nke a usoro were isii na narị nde afọ. Na ya na-egwuri a dị oké mkpa ọrụ ke ụdi guzobere enyemaka nke oké osimiri n'ala.

Na ebe nke kasị ochie akụkọ ihe mere eme ogbo, ndị Archean, Proterozoic oge bịara. The idụhe bụ mmalite nke a n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ malitere ịgbanwe budata. The elu nke planet bụ a oge Archaean fọrọ adịghị ndụ na iferi oyi desert na Ugboro glaciations, nso n'etiti Proterozoic agbanweela ịrịba mgbanwe (na ntụziaka nke okpomọkụ).

N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere a ịrịba saturation nke oxygen na ikuku na gbanwere ntụziaka nke evolushọn nke ndu ntule. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na nke a nnukwu ihe ahụ merenụ mere banyere abụọ ijeri afọ gara aga, enye ama a na-akpọ "oxygen ọdachi." Oge a na-ji a mbụ nucleation unicellular aerobic ntule (n'ihi na oxygen ịta nke ikuku ngwakọta zuru iji hụ na ha ndụ). Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka ọtụtụ ndị na umu nwụrụ si anaerobic ntule, n'ihi na nke molekụla oxygen bụ na-egbu egbu. Na, ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu, kpebisiri ike na vector nke n'ihu evolushọn.

N'oge a nkeji ibu nwa oge microorganisms na algae mụbara. Kama ufiop Filiks nke fọrọ nke nta niile sedimentary nkume na akara Proterozoic oge, wee na kpọmkwem (na nke nọ n'ọrụ) òkè nke ndị a ndụ iche-iche.

Eukaryotes, chụpụrụ si evolutionary idaha "backward" prokaryotes, kwa, e guzobere, mgbe ọ bụ Proterozoic oge. Animals, na ezigbo ikuku, site ụzọ, e nwere ndị na mbara ala n'otu akụkọ ihe mere eme oge. Ọtụtụ ụdị fauna nke mbubreyo Proterozoic oge ama ọkọnọ multicellular eukaryotic iche-iche. Ọgwụgwụ nke a oge nwere ike na-akpọ "na narị afọ nke azundika jelii," nke ahụ ike na mbara ala. N'otu oge ahụ ọ bụla annelids (progenitors nke molluscs na ụmụ ahụhụ).

Proterozoic oge bụ grandiose akụkọ ihe mere eme oge oge mgbe nke malitere ekewaghi iwu eukaryotic mkpụrụ ndụ. Oge ochie unicellular na colonial iche nke ndụ malitere-anọchi ukwuu haziri multicellular kere eke. Life aghọọla ihe dị mkpa na geological evolushọn. Ibi ntule amalitela ifịk akụkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe ihe ndị mejupụtara na udi nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, ha na-aghọ ihe ndabere nke ya elu oyi akwa - na Biosphere. Wee Earth , photosynthesis, uru nke nke ike-overemphasized. Na ọ na-ka gbanwere mejupụtara nke ikuku, bụ ide ya ọtụtụ oxygen ka o kwe omume na mmepe nke elu heterotrophic ntule - elu ụmụ anụmanụ.

N'ihi ya, ike ezigbo ọnọdụ maka-abịa n'ụwa nke elu iche nke ndụ - a nwoke bụ ịgbanwe ihu nke planet a kara nke a nwa oge nke ya adị (naanị 500 puku afọ - ntabi site ụkpụrụ nke geology!) Beyond ude. Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, na-enye echiche nke "ndụ" na "mbido" a dum ọhụrụ pụtara ...