Pụrụ iche na pụrụ iche ọdịdị nke Russia

Onye ọ bụla nke dịkarịa ala otu n'ime a ndụ kechioma na-na mba a, ọ bụla, na-ekweta na-ekwu na ọdịdị nke Russia abụghị naanị ihe ijuanya, ma n'ebe ụfọdụ kpam pụrụ iche. Gịnị mere anyị na-dị ka ihe ndabere maka na-ele ndị ọbịa nke anyị na ala, ma ọ bụghị n'ihi na ndị Russia? Azịza ya bụ a otutu mfe karịa ka ọ pụrụ iyi na akpa ilekiri. Ihe bụ na, ebe a mụrụ, sịnụ, Siberia na Kamchatka, anyị mgbe ụfọdụ adịghị ntị ka obodo mara mma, na-ewerekwa ha dị ka ihe akpọrọ ihe. Na n'efu ...

Ke ofụri ofụri, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru ka ókèala mba anyị bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke otu bi na mgbe ụfọdụ dị nnọọ iche na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke gbara agbata obi n'ókèala. Ka ihe atụ, ọdịdị nke Central Russia dị nnọọ iche ya n'ebe ugwu, ma ọ bụ, na-ekwu, na n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara.

Isiokwu a Aims agwa otú ọtụtụ ihe-nkọwa dị ka o kwere banyere àgwà dị iche iche ebe nke mba anyị. Russia Nature na-egosi onye na-agụ ya nile na agba, shades na ọdịiche.

State arctic desert

Russian Arctic desat nwere ndị dị otú e ji mara atụmatụ dị ka nnukwu ichekwa ice na snow, nakwa dị ka nnukwu ikuku iru mmiri nkezi bụ 85%.

Na na arctic desert mpaghara bụ nke New Siberia Islands, New na Severnaya Zemlya na Franz Josef Land. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, ma ọdịdị nke Russia na mpaghara ebe a bụ na e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla marshes, ọdọ mmiri ndị na Ona bụ pola desert na saline Ona na ala humus ọdịnaya.

Ahịhịa cover ehighị nne na kama ogbenye. Ọtụtụ mgbe e izute mosses, lichens na algae. Ma iji hụ saxifrage, arctic poppy, ọka, ice Buttercup, Chickweed, pola willow, arctic bluegrass pickerel na-adịghị mfe.

Fauna bụkwa ogbenye na umu. Dị ka a na-achị, ndị kasị ewu ewu n'etiti ndị bi nwere ike na-akpọ a snowy ikwiikwii, lemmings, arctic nkịta ọhịa, reindeer, pola bear na ptarmigan.

Ma n'elu nkume mben ị pụrụ ịhụ ọtụtụ nesting nnụnụ.

Taa, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na ajụjụ nke esi echekwa ọdịdị nke Russia na mpaghara ebe a. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ọ ga-mere ka anya dị ka o kwere omume, ọ bụghị na ị nwere ike na-adịgide adịgide ida dum ụdị pụrụ iche osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ.

Gịnị ka ọ bụ, tundra?

tundra mpaghara na-emi odude tumadi n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arctic Ocean. Ọ bụ ókèala nke oké ifufe, oyi, pola ụbọchị na abalị, na a oké ìgwè.

Ebe a na-aka ike na ogologo oyi (8-9 ọnwa), ma n'oge okpomọkụ - obere na oyi na-atụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe na okpomọkụ bụ na Asian tundra iru ọbụna 52 Celsius C. Banyere 70% nke dum n'ókèala nke mmiri tundra. Nke a mere n'ihi na mgbe nile na-ogologo oge kefriza nke ala.

On n'ụsọ oké osimiri i nwere ike ịhụ a-eto eto ewepụghị teren nnọọ n'ebe ndịda nke e ugwu ugwu teren, ridges na ugwu nta nke ice malite. The Earth ala fọrọ nke nta ka kpamkpam tundra dotted na-emighị emi n'ọdọ mmiri.

Ma ihe ndị na osisi, ya isi ụdị lichens, mosses, dị iche iche ala-na-na-eto eto osisi (ahịhịa, ọhịa, osisi). Ndị na-esonụ na umu na-karịsịa nkịtị: Dwarf birch, willow, alder, sedge, berry.

Ke ofụri ofụri, anyị na-arịba ama na tundra ekewa atọ a na-akpọ sub-zones: arctic, lichen, akpaetu, ndịda shrub.

E ji mara atụmatụ nke ọhịa-tundra

Tundra bụ a mpaghara ebe tundra nwayọọ nwayọọ amalite ịkwaga n'ime osisi. N'oge a, ọdịdị nke Russia, ọdịdị ala nke obodo n'otu oge na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa, bụ nnọọ iche iche. Ya e ji mara atụmatụ - a na-akpọ agwaetiti ehighị nne ọhịa dị na Watershed na esịnede isi nke Siberia spruce, larch na birch.

Nke a sparseness ọhịa kwere nghọta ihu igwe siri ike ọnọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na ebe a n'oge okpomọkụ bụ ọtụtụ ọkụ karịa tundra, na ifufe na-agba bụ nnọọ ala.

Akụkụ ọzọ nke oké ọhịa-tundra-atụle ga-a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke sphagnum peat bogs.

About 9 ọnwa nke ebe a na-kpuchie na snow. Summer osimiri ndagwurugwu mkpọda na-ekpuchi ebe a variegated na yi ala ahịhịa juru. N'ebe nile na-eto eto buttercup, valerian na beri. Site n'ụzọ, na obodo ala ahịhịa juru na-eje ozi dị ka a dị ebube ebe ịta nri maka reindeer. Ke adianade do, ọdịdị nke Russia na obodo ebe a na-ewere ihe ndị magburu onwe ebe obibi maka ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ na (na-emekarị nkịta ọhịa na lemmings) na nnụnụ.

Lee otu onye nwere ike mfe ịchọta a dịgasị iche iche nke Waterfowl: geese, ọbọgwụ na swans. Ma na oyi na nnụnụ ndị ka nnọọ ole na ole - na a na-acha ọcha ikwiikwii na ptarmigan.

na-akparaghị ókè apịtị

apịtị nkebi ke Russia enyene kasị ebe n'etiti ndị fọdụrụ eke ebe. Ọ erukwa si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala nke Russia ruo Osimiri Japan. N'ókèala ndị dị na subarctic apịtị, na ọnọdụ ihu igwe mpaghara.

Nke a bụ ebe ọtụtụ osimiri sitere Russia, ihe atụ, na Volga, Vyatka, Onega, Kama, Lena, Vasyugan, Pua, Taz, Viluy na ndị ọzọ.

N'ihi na nke a na mpaghara e ji ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ala mmiri, ala, ọdọ mmiri, nnukwu ọdọ. Isi ụdị ahịhịa nke apịtị ọhịa dị ka ìhè coniferous na coniferous. Around achịkwa dị ka larch, dị nnọọ na a nta ọtụtụ pine, spruce, fir na osisi cedar.

N'etiti oké ọhịa zuru ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bụ dị ala ahịhịa dị iche iche swamps.

Ị bụ n'ezie mmasị na anụ ọhịa Russia? Siberia - nke a bụ ebe, ebe ọ dị mkpa na-aga. The fauna bụ nnọọ iche iche. Baa ọgaranya fauna ọwụwa anyanwụ apịtị, ebe otu onye nwere ike mfe ịhụ grouse, Sable, nkume osisi-grouse, Waterfowl, aja aja bear, wolverine, osa, lynx, elk na òké bekee.

Dị mwute ikwu na, taa na e nwere na-arụsi ọrụ osisi na mpaghara. Olee otú ịzọpụta ọdịdị nke Russia na ọnọdụ a na-anọgide fọrọ nke nta unsolved omimi.

Na weere deciduous ọhịa nke mba

The mpaghara nke mbuaha na deciduous ọhịa tụnyere apịtị dị ukwuu ọkụ, Wetter. Ebe a ogologo na-ekpo ọkụ summers, na winters adịghị nnọọ aka ike, na, site ụzọ, hụrụ ntoputa nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke sara mbara-leaved osisi.

Rịba ama na a osimiri jupụtara na mmiri, ya mere, mmiri Ona dị ala. Ke ofụri ofụri, a na mpaghara e ji sod-podzolic na aja aja na ọhịa ala, ọgaranya mineral.

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu nke oké ọhịa na-oak, spruce, maple, basswood, pine, ntụ, hazel, Korean pine, birch, Aspen na osisi.

Nature of Central Russia bụ na-emesapụ aka na ndị bi n'ime ya. Iji ụbọchị, e na-hụrụ na nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Bison, elk, wolf, ọhịa boar, wolf, marten, Loir na muskrat. N'etiti nnụnụ nwere ike hụrụ oriole, Dubonosov, tamarind na ndị ọzọ.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ na-ebi na Far East, na-agwakọta deciduous ọhịa dị nnọọ ntakịrị, ma ọ bụrụ na agaghị akwụsị. Ihe atụ, na anụ ọ fọrọ nke nta-agaghị ekwe omume izute sika mgbada na Amur tiger, na nkpọrube, ị yikarịrị agaghị chọta karịa a ezi Ginseng.

Russian steppe

Steppe mpaghara bụ ụdị mgbanwe dị n'etiti oké ọhịa na steppe. Ebe a deciduous, obere-leaved na pine ọhịa isi awọ Ona ọzọ na forb ahịhịa steppes kpụrụ na na nwa ụwa.

Russian agwa na-ebe a na-ekewa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ steppe. The ugwu na ndagwurugwu na-iche site ọtụtụ ndagwurugwu na gullies.

Ebe a, n'ebe nile ahụkarị oak, mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere birch osisi, herbs, mkpụrụ. Rịba ama na dị n'oké ọhịa bụ n'ụlọ ka a nnukwu bi, e na-emezu nke buru ibu oru na ubi.

steppe mpaghara

Steppe mpaghara e ji a akọrọ n'oge okpomọkụ, na oyi na oyi na-atụ umeala ọdịda. About ozugbo ọ bụla afọ atọ ruo ogologo oge na niile, o nweghị mmiri ozuzo, na ya mere na-abịa oké unwu.

A mara mma bụ na-anọghị nke ọhịa steppe mpaghara. Tupu ịkọ steppe ebe ebe a n'ebe nile zutere herbaceous ahịhịa na a predominance nke nku ahịhịa, bluegrass, fescue, ọhịa oat. Ugbu a ọnọdụ gbanwere na mwute ikwu na ọ bụghị ka mma.

Ona na n'ebe ugwu nke steppe mpaghara na-ahụkarị nwa ụwa. Ebe a n'ebe nile na-ebi ndụ òké bụ kasị gophers, marmots, ahumachi oke, ubi ụmụ oke, hamsters. Ha na-eri nri na ferrets, nkịta ọhịa, weasels. N'etiti anu-ufe ị pụrụ ịhụ ugo, larks na demoiselle.

Iji ụbọchị ọ bụ ihe kasị mụtara steppe ndị mmadụ. Ọ na-ezi na-atụle isi ugbo ebe.

Mpaghara nke ọzara na ọkara desat

Ọkara desert na desert jide na Russia bụ nnọọ obere akụkụ nke na-nanị n'ime ókè nke Caspian ịda mbà n'obi.

Ọ ga-kwuru na nke a bụ ebe e nwere ndị kasị elu larịị nke na-akpọ kwa afọ anyanwụ radieshon (120 kcal / cm ^2).

Summer bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ma na oyi - oyi na snowy. N'ihi na nke a na mpaghara e ji zonal ìhè aja aja ala, ahịhịa-wormwood ahịhịa, nnu licks na ọkara ofu ájá ebe.

Ebe a na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu na-eto eto wheatgrass, fescue, crested, acha anụnụ anụnụ-green algae, nku-hair-irighiri, na ndị ọzọ.

N'etiti ụmụ anụmanụ na e nwere ọtụtụ òké na-atụle ihe ndị kasị jerboa, gerbils, n'ala squirrels, na òké bekee. Ọzọkwa, na desert na ọkara desert ebe bi wolves, nkịta ọhịa, ferrets na badgers.