Reactance - ihe ọ bụ?

Mmadụ nwere ogologo e ji ha mkpa ha eletriki, chemical, na nuclear ike. N'ihi na a oru nkọwa nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na e a set nke echiche na-ekwe ka ya mara na ha kachasi mkpa. Dị ka ihe atụ, atụmatụ dị otú ahụ dị ka ike, osisi ike, njupụta, et al., N'ịbụ ndị a n'ọrụ na ọmụmụ abụghị naanị na electric, ma ndị ọzọ mara iche-iche nke ike. Otu onye dị otú eluigwe na ala echiche na ọtụtụ-eji, okwu bụ "ndị na-eguzogide" nke na ọkụ eletrik. N'ebe ndị ọzọ, e nwere analogues - absorption, chụsasịrị, echiche, wdg "Nguzogide" - bụ, n'ezie, bụ ihe e ji mara nke ume ubi weere. Nzube nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ dabeere n'eziokwu ikpebi ihe bụ ihe kpatara ndị na-eguzogide.

Nguzogide na a circuit nwere a sọrọ agwa - ikwu, sị, na-eguzogide ma reactance. N'ihi na ọkụ na-eguzogide nke onye na-eduzi bụ isi e ji mara na ndị na-eguzogide mere site ije nke na-eduzi ihe na-ebu. Ihe mere nke a counter nwere ike dị iche iche, nke na-akọwa ya dị iche iche aha. Nguzogide na-esokarị site n'ịtụgharị otu ụdị ike ọzọ site na mbenata na isi iyi nke ike. N'ihi na ikpe nke eletriki ume ọkọnọ n'aka, mgbanwe a ume akakabarede n'ime thermal electromotive ike, magnetik ma ọ bụ electric ike.

Kemgbe ụwa, ndị mbụ na-eguzogide biography bụ ọmụmụ nke ndị na-eguzogide, nke bụ n'ihi na ntughari nke isi iyi na-eduzi ya na kpo oku ike. Nke a na-eme n'ihi na ebubo (electrons na bụ) n'okpuru mmetụta nke ubi EMF iyi kpaliri n'elu a guidewire, n'ụzọ ihe atụ na-ekwu okwu, "ịkwa" kristal ma ọ bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe nke okwu. N'ihi ya, ibe mgbanwe nke ike nyefe-eduga onye na-abawanye na okpomọkụ nke na-eduzi, i.e. e nwere na ntughari nke eletriki ume kwes ike. Ọ bụrụ na isi iyi nke electromotive ike adịghị agbanwe ya direction na ịdị ukwuu nke U, na nke ugbu a na m na a circuit akpọ a mgbe nile, na ndị na-eguzogide R a circuit na gbakọọ si Ohm iwu: R = U / I.

Eguzogide DC circuit nwere ike na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Reactance "na-eme onwe ya chere na" naanị na sekit na sekit AC, nke nwere kpọmkwem inductance (eriri igwe) ma ọ bụ capacitance (capacitor). N'ezie, ọ bụla na-eduzi ya nwere ụfọdụ inductance na capacitance, ma na-emekarị na ha bụ otú negligible na ha na-eleghara anya. The inductance na capacitance mgbe eru ya electric ebubo tọghatara ume ha na a ndọta nke eriri igwe ma ọ bụ na-electric ubi nke dielectric. The echekwara ume otú a, na mgbanwe nke ihe ịrịba ama nke isi iyi nke emf, na-laghachi n'ụdị kinetic ike ebubo, n'ihi ya aha - "reactance".

Inductance na AC circuit "eguzogide" nke ugbu a eruba site onwe-itinye n'ọkwa onu: mgbanwe ugbu a site na mgbanwe a emf isi iyi na-akpata a mgbanwe ke akpa ubi nke na ọ na-agba mbọ ịnọgide na-enwe ugbu a na circuit ruru ka echekwara ike nke ndọta. Tụọ echekwara ike bụ a ọtùtù nke circuit inductance L, nke na-adabere na ugboro ole f AC. The reactance nke inductor kpebisiri ike site na-esonụ usoro:

XL = 2 * π * f * L.

A capacitor na AC circuit accumulates na ike nke electric ubi site dielectric ụgwọ. Mgbe na-agbanwe agbanwe ịdị ukwuu na ịdị / ma ọ bụ ntụziaka nke isi iyi nke emf voltaji gafee capacitor efere-akwado site na a na-ada ujo, agaghi asu ogologo, nke ukwuu capacitance C nke capacitor.

The reactive impedance nke capacitor, nwekwara ugboro dabere, e nyere site na:

Xc = 1 / (2 * π * f * C).

Site na nke a okwu o doro anya na onye na-abawanye na ugboro na / ma ọ bụ capacitance impedance ebelata. N'ihi ya, maka AC circuit, ebe e nwere ndị a resistor, ihe inductor na a capacitor, ọ dị mkpa iji kọwaa ụfọdụ ngụkọta-eguzogide ma na reactance. Ke ofụri ofụri, usoro maka ịgbakọ impedance nwere "pifagorovsky flavor":

Zv2 = Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2

* Cheta na: Na «v» kwesịrị ịgụ «Z há nhata", wdg

Na akpatre impedance usoro bụ dị ka ndị:

Z = √ (squarte) Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2.