Self-amụba - na ọ bụ ... onwe-amụba nke ntule

The ike mụta nwa ya onwe ya bụ a atụmatụ nke ndu eme ntule. Na ọdịdị, e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ nke mmeputakwa, huu na continuity nke ọgbọ na mbara ala.

Self-amụba nke ntule

Enweghị usoro nke mmeputakwa nke ndu eme ntule ga akwụsịwo ịdị adị. Ma ihe kacha mkpa bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke usoro. Nnyefe nke ozi na niile atụmatụ nke ihe owuwu weputara na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe onwunwe nke ntule, ọ na-enye onwe-amụba. Nke a bụ ihe kasị mkpa ọnọdụ maka ịdị adị nke ndụ. Mgbe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ọhụrụ ahụ ga-ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ, ọ gaghị adị ndụ na ụfọdụ gburugburu, na-ala n'iyi. Ka ihe atụ,: azụ mgbe a mụrụ akpa ume kama gills. Ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na-aga ibibi. Ha dị nnọọ adịghị enwe oge na-imeghari ka aquatic gburugburu ebe obibi na-ala n'iyi. Ma nke a adịghị eme na ọdịdị n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ụzọ nke mmeputakwa.

agamobium

Self-amụba nke mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike ime na-enweghị aka nke gametes. Na na osisi, na ọ na-rụrụ site vegetative akụkụ. Ọtụtụ dịkwa ka usoro ha, akpaetu, horsetails, ferns na mosses etolite spores - mkpụrụ ndụ nke asexual mmeputakwa. Ụfọdụ ntule na ozu forms a protrusion, nke na-eto eto na Itie oge na-ghọọ a ọhụrụ organism. Tụlee ihe ndị a ozuzu ụzọ na ihe zuru ezu.

sporulation

Self-amụba nke ntule na-enyemaka nke na-ese okwu n'ihi na oge mbụ nwere ike dị na kasị oge ochie osisi - algae. Ka ihe atụ, spores unicellular Chlamydomonas, na-ahapụ cell akpụkpọ ahụ nke nne nwa organism, ịgbatị atugharị na ngwa ngwa na-eto eto na ya size. Ugbua mgbe otu izu nke juveniles nwere ike akpụ sel nke asexual mmeputakwa. Usoro a na ọtụtụ ugboro.

Higher spore osisi na okirikiri nke mmepe alternated mmekọahụ na asexual emana. Esemokwu kpụrụ pụrụ iche akụkụ. Ihe atụ, ha na-ọkọnọ na a igbe nke akpaetu na azuokokoosisi, n'ime nke bụ asexual cell. The nke a pụtara usoro bụ na spore a kpụrụ oyiri nke nne nwa organism.

cloning

Azuokokoosisi, epupụta na mgbọrọgwụ - ikike na nke a na-rụrụ onwe-amụba. Ọ bụ vegetative akụkụ nke osisi. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke usoro idu ke mweghachi nke efu akụkụ ahụ. Ka ihe atụ, akwukwo petioles Violets na ọnụnọ nke mmiri, okpomọkụ na anyanwụ radieshon mgbọrọgwụ amụba.

Wood leafy osisi mgbe propagated site okporo - akụkụ nke oge ịse nke a ụfọdụ ogologo. N'otu oge ha nwere ike ịdị iche iche ndụ iche-iche. Ya mere ọdụ mkpụrụ vaịn, currants, gooseberries. Ọtụtụ ihe, na petioles ndị viable akụrụ ya.

Eji maka amụba na mgbanwe nke vegetative akụkụ. Nduku tubers, strawberry afụ ọnụ, tulip bulbs, rhizomes nke lily nke ndagwurugwu - a bụ ihe atụ nke osisi na-enwe gbanwee Ome. Mgbanwe nke na-akpata, nke a na-eji maka vegetative mmeputakwa, bụ mgbọrọgwụ tuber. Dahlias na ụtọ poteto ba uba ya site na iji ya.

gemmation

Self-replication - usoro nke na-eke ha obiọma. Ụzọ ọzọ na nke a emee a na-akpọ budding. Ya mere ba uba yist, freshwater hydra, scyphoids polyps na nkume kọral. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, akụrụ, nke na-kpụrụ na nne ahụ, ọ na-rapara si na-amalite otu nọọrọ onwe ha adị. Ma o nwere bụghị ruby ime. N'ihi kpụkọtara ọnụ kpụrụ fancy shapes.

Iche nke mmekọahụ usoro

Ịmụ ọmụmụ amụba na-ewe ebe na òkè nke gametes - omumu mkpụrụ ndụ. The kasị oge ochie iche nke mmekọahụ amụba bụ conjugation na parthenogenesis. Nke mbụ n'ime ha nwere ike na-ewere dị ka ihe atụ ciliate-akpụkpọ ụkwụ. cytoplasmic akwa a kpụrụ n'etiti mkpụrụ ndụ ndị dị ndụ, nke na-mgbanwe nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe onwunwe dị na DNA ụmụ irighiri.

Parthenogenesis bụkwa a onwe-replication. Nke a usoro nke mmepe nke a ọhụrụ organism site na n'enweghị akwa akwa. Biri n'Ụwa parthenogenesis ka a mmeputakwa usoro nwere nnọọ elu ndu uru. Mgbe niile, ọnọdụ pụrụ ibilite enweghị onye nwoke ogologo oge. Ma mgbe ahụ ịdị adị nke umu ga-ndu. Na ọdịdị mmadụ nke nwanyi omumu mkpụrụ ndụ na-enweghị njikọta usoro, doziri nsogbu a.

Na elu angiosperms ịmụ ọmụmụ akụkụ bụ a ifuru. Ya isi ọtọ akụkụ - stamens na pistil - ịnwe gametes: spam na àkwá, karị. Njikọta usoro bụchaghị tupu pollination - nyefe nke pollen si stamen na ihere. Nke a na-eme site ifufe, na ụmụ ahụhụ ma ọ bụ ụmụ mmadụ. Ọzọkwa izizi mkpụrụ ndụ na confluence ụdị nje na mapụtara potassium - endosperm. Ọnụ na-etolite a na mkpụrụ, bụ nke na-a ahu nke mmekọahụ amụba.

Na anụmanụ, gametes-emi odude ke glands, eme nke deducing ụzọ. Dị ka omumu usoro ụdị ụlọ ha dioecious na hermaphrodite - ntule nke ma ụdị na nwanyị, na nwoke mmekọahụ mkpụrụ ndụ. Nke a bụ tumadi parasitic anụmanụ na-nri site na onye nwe na-adịghị ha onwe ha digestive usoro, bi na ducts nke na eriri afọ ya.

Pụtara nke onwe-replication

Self-amụba - bụ ichebe ndụ ya. The ike na-eto eto, ya na nri, na-eku ume, na mmepe, bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ndu eme ntule. E nwekwara ndị nnọchiteanya nke organic ụwa, n'ihi na nke usoro bụ ihe pụrụ iche. Ndị a bụ nje virus - na-abụghị cellular ndụ iche-iche. Ha na-ekewet nke nucleic acid ụmụ irighiri (DNA ma ọ bụ RNA) na protein shei. Dị otú ahụ na a Ọdịdị ike mụta nwa bụ nanị kwe omume usoro ịchọpụta nke ndu eme ntule. Penetrating n'ime-agha, ha na-amalite na-emepụta ya nucleic acid na protein. Nke a na usoro nke amụba a na-akpọ onwe-nzukọ. Na nke a, yiri Filiks na-kwụsịtụrụ na usu organism. The virus amalite na-achịkwa. Ya mere amalite flu, herpes, ụbụrụ na ọrịa ndị ọzọ na a yiri Jenesis. Gburu malitere ịrịa ahụ site n'oru nke colorless sel ọbara - leukocytes. Ha weghara pathogens, na-ebibi ha.

N'ihi ya, ike mụta nwa ndị nnọchiteanya nke niile alaeze nke okike. Na ozuzu usoro dị ezigbo mkpa n'ihi na ọ na-ekpebi na continuity nke ọgbọ na iji hụ ndụ na Earth.