Rodrigo Borgia - nke abụọ Pope nke Spanish ụdị Borgia

Future Pope Rodrigo Borgia A mụrụ Aragon. Usoro ndị eze ghọrọ ama n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ nyere ụwa ụfọdụ nke ndị na-achị obodo nke Gandia, nakwa dị ka a na iri na abuo nke elu ozu nke Catholic Church.

ezinụlọ

Family akụkọ mgbe nwere ya na genus Borgia malitere site nwa otu n'ime ndị eze Navarre. Ugbua mbụ wee nke a aha ndị knight, natara n'òkè mgbe Alakụba na-zọọ na ndịda nke Valencia. Borgia mbụ domain Xativa (ebe Rodrigo A mụrụ 1431), na mgbe e mesịrị e zụtara site n'obodo Gandia.

Uncle nke nwa tụgharịa si Cardinal Alfonso, bụ onye mechara ghọọ Pope Calixto III. Nke a kara akara akara aka nke Rodrigo Borgia. O wee na-ewu ya ọrụ na Rome. Na 1456 ọ ghọrọ onye na isi nke Church.

Na-akpụ akpụ Rome

E nwere doro anya na ihe dị otú ahụ ịnọkọ omume site na njikọ ezinụlọ. O sina dị, ndị na-eto eto Cardinal eguzobewo onwe ya dị ka a ọkà nhazi na nchịkwa. Ya mere, ọ adịghị anya wee osote chancelo. Ya talent mere a ozi nke Church bụ a na-ewu ewu na ọnụ ọgụgụ na Ebighị Ebi City. Ya mere, na onye ọ bụla ọhụrụ pope o nwetara ihe ndị ọzọ ga-esi na-esote pope. Ke adianade do, ihe karịrị afọ nke a kadinal na osote chancelo Rodrigo Borgia nwetara ego (ọ we duru abbeys), bụ nke nyere ya ọzọ ngwá nke mmetụta.

Pope ntuli aka

Gold were oké ọchịchọ Cardinal na 1492 mgbe Innocent nke Asatọ nwụrụ. Rodrigo Borgia mara ọkwa ya candidacy ocheeze nke St. Peter. O nwere ole na ole asọmpi. The conclave maka Borgia votes na-erughị ọkara nke ruru eru ịtụ vootu, nke na-efunahụ ya nke ohere ịghọ Pope. O wee malite iri ngo ya rivals na kadinal.

Nke a bụ isi otụk na akpa bishop nke Sforza. O kwere nkwa a ọhụrụ post na Erlau, nakwa dị ka a na-emesapụ aka ụgwọ ọrụ. Nke a nwa akwukwo laghachi n'ọsọ nke aha ma malite gwụ maka Rodrigo Borgia. Biography nke Cardinal bụ ezi ihe nlereanya, ọ maka ọtụtụ afọ n'ụzọ dị irè ịnagide ihe ịma aka ndị guzo n'ihu ya na-ekpo ọkụ oche. N'otu aka ahụ, ha na-ịnara aka azụ na ihe ndị ọzọ kadinal. Dị ka a n'ihi nke Spaniard si 14 electoral votes nke 23. Mgbe aghọ pope, ọ họọrọ aha Alexander VI.

mba ọzọ amụma

Otú ọ dị, ọhụrụ pontiff bụ ndị iro. Onye ndú ha mesịrị bụrụ ụdị Cardinal della Rovere. Ọ n'ihu ọha megide ọhụrụ Pope. Alexander bụ ngwa ime ihe ike, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Church gbagara agbata obi France. N'oge a e ụkpụrụ Charles VII nke Valois. French eze ihe karịrị afọ na-agbalị ime ka ihe na-eme na Apennines. Nke a na-echegbu ma na temporal ike nke ọchịchị nke obere na-ekwu, na Catholic ocheeze, nke ìgwè ewu na aturu-emeso na-achị nke eze.

Della Rovere kwenyere Charles na ọhụrụ Pope anaghị-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ha ọnọdụ. Eze aka ná ntị Alexander na ọ ga-abịa Rome na-eme ka ya retrakti ma ọ dịkarịa ala idozigharị n'ime Church, nke ghọọ a bastion nke ihu abụọ na-achị ndị nchụàjà n'oge a. Ọtụtụ ndị Kraịst na-anabataghị omume nke na-ere indulgences na-edu ndú ọnọdụ n'ime nzukọ.

Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa Italian player bụ Alaeze nke Naples na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị arena. Ya isi fluctuated site n'otu akụkụ gaa n'akụkụ. N'ikpeazụ, Pope Rodrigo Borgia kwenyere na-achị achị usoro ndị eze e Gonzaka nyere ya aka na-alụso ndị French, karịsịa ebe ha na-eyi egwu Naples. Ke adianade do, Pope nwetara nkwado nke ndị ọzọ Catholic eze - eze ukwu ahụ nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom na Eze nke Aragon.

Alexander nwekwara ịhapụ echiche nke a nsọ agha megide Turkish ọchịchị, bụ ndị na-egwu dum Europe si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. O meela weghaara Constantinople - isi obodo nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium, na ugbu a na-adịghị ike Balkan na-ekwu, nwere ike egbochighị ya mwakpo otu Italy. The Pope, dị ka isi nke ndị Katọlik nile, ike ịghọ onye ndú nke ndị na-eguzogide na Muslim onslaught, dị ka ya ụzọ mere na ụbọchị nke Crusades. Ma megidere France ga-ekwe ka ya na-aghọta nke a echiche.

French mbuso agha

Onye bu ihe agha na-enwe nsogbu, nke e mesịrị mara dị ka ndị mbụ Italian War historiography. Oge egosiwo na kewaa dịịrị banye na mmiri ghọrọ onye arena nke ndorondoro n'etiti ndị agbata obi ike (tumadi France na Habsburgs) nwere ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Ma mgbe na Ebighị Ebi City ụkpụrụ Pope Rodrigo Borgia, agha yiri ka ihe nke ahụ nkịtị. On n'akụkụ nke Valois dị irè Swiss bipu na Piedmont. Mgbe French gafere Alps, ha teamed na ha Italian allies.

Mwakpo jisiri iru Naples na ọbụna na-Rome. Otú ọ dị, mkpọsa egosiwo na French adịghị jikwaa iji nweta a foothold na ọjọọ Peninsula. Ya mere, eze bịanyere aka a udo nkwekorita na ya aka. Ma, ọ bụ akaha - na ahaghị nhata nke ike na Italy emewo ka ntoputa nke ọtụtụ obodo agha di n'etiti obodo-ekwu. The Pope ka mgbe gbalịrị inwe n'ebe a agha, Irite Uru Site ndị agbata obi esemokwu.

ụzọ ndụ

Active mba ọzọ amụma nke Pope na-egbochi ya na-eme na esịtidem omume. Na ha, o juputara na-amụ nkà nke aghụghọ. Otu nke ya mmasị ngwaọrụ e inye si okpu kadinal erubere ya ndị mmadụ na-ekwe ya ka ọ nọrọ dịtụ ufọk ufene ke ha ọnọdụ ruo ọnwụ ya.

Na Rom, so ofụri Europe wee wetara asịrị nke omume rụrụ arụ pontiff na ya ikpe. Na-ekwukarị na Rodrigo Aleksandr Bordzhia, n'agbanyeghị ha anya, adịghị ezere si mmekọahụ, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eme na-adịghị pụta ụwa na pontiff. Ya na ụmụ ya dị ka nna ya. Alexander si mmasị nwa Juan E mechara nwụrụ anwụ na Tiber. Ọ na-gburu n'ihi otu n'ime ọtụtụ esemokwu na-akwanyere ùgwù na gburugburu ebe obibi. Akpa nkata na aghụghọ na Rome aghọwo juru ebe nile. Pope Enemies nwụrụ nke nsị ma ọ bụ "na mberede" ọrịa.

Alexander VI akpa ke 1503. Ya ebube nọgidere bụrụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dissolute nāchi St. Peter. Ruo ugbu a, na-eme nnyocha na-apụghị-abịa a anya ọgwụgwụ, nke ọ nwụrụ - si oyi na fever ma ọ bụ nsi.

Otú o sina Borgia akwụ ọtụtụ otuto. Ọtụtụ mgbe ha na-metụtara ya philanthropic eme Rome, nke e mere na o kwere omume ekele oké onwe ego.