Romanov usoro ndị eze. Uwe nke ogwe aka nke Romanovs (B. V. ebe)

Ndị eze nke Romanovs - ochie Moscow boyar ezinụlọ. Andrei Ivanovich nne inyinya - mbụ kwuru na nna nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke eze usoro ndị eze. Ọ dịrị ndụ na XIV narị afọ na-eje ozi dị ka Onye Ukwu Duke Vladimir na Moscow Simeon ndị mpako, diọkpara Ivana Kality. Andrei Mare, ọnụ na Alexei Bosovolkovym, mere omume dị ka intermediary ná ngwụsị nke a di na nwunye n'etiti ndị isi nke Moscow na Mariey Aleksandrovnoy, nwa-nwayi onye-isi nke Tver. The ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo nke ọma.

About Andrew mares na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị agaghịkwa kwuru, ma, a maara na ụmụ ya wee na-efe na Moscow-isi. Umu-ya ndikom ghọrọ nna nna nke ma ama aha, ma site Fyodor Nwamba were Romanov tsars. The aha ahụ ketara n'aka praprapravnuka Andrei Mares - Romana Yurevicha Zaharina, nnọọ ama courtiers na nduzi obodo. Nwa-ya nwayi, Anastasia Romanovna, ndị mbụ na kasị hụrụ n'anya nwunye Ivan IV ndị tara.

N'ịbụ ndị a maara eziokwu na Anastasia ya obiọma na ịdị nwayọọ na àgwà mgbe niile gbochiri ya na di ya. Na ya ọnwụ etisasịwo Họrọ ụtọ na aggravated eze enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke boyars. Nwa nwanne Jurevny Anastasia bụ Fedor Nikitich Romanov, àgwà dị mkpa na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ bụ ya na-were ifịk akụkụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Time of oj oo, o forcibly tonsured a mọnk Borisom Godunovym.

Mgbe mmalite ọchịchị nke Romanovs? Olee otú ọ bụ? Ole-adịru? All ajụjụ ndị a ị ga-ahụ azịza isiokwu.

Ntuli aka nke Mikhail Romanov ocheeze

Oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme, mgbe ọchịchị nke Romanovs, bụ a siri ike ma na ọbara. Na Russia na njedebe nke XVI kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ tọgbọrọ n'efu, ajọ Smoot. Nwa Ivana Groznogo, Fyodor nwụrụ n'amụtaghị nwa, nwanne ya nwoke ala Rọshịa bụ Dmitri E gburu Uglich, ọzọ Ivan Ivanovich, ọ nwụrụ n'oge ná ndụ nna ya. Ndị ahụ dị mkpirikpi Rurik usoro ndị eze, e a dynastic nsogbu. Next bụ ugboro ugboro mgbanwe nke ọchịchị, oru Godunov na Shuisky enweghị ike n'ocheeze. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ndị mmadụ enweghị mmasị n'ebe ndị eze ọhụrụ, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na ha na-emezughị atumatu, ma n'ihi Godunov na Shuisky na a hoputara isi adịghị ntinya.

Dị ka mmetụta nke egwu na Zemsky Sobor na 1613, nke ọzọkwa bịara pụta ìhè ajụjụ nke ọchịchị ndị eze. Anyị na-ahọrọ a nwoke bụ onye na-emebiela ya aha n'oge nsogbu. Ọ bụ uru na-akwụ ụtụ ndị Cossacks, onye na-egwuri a bụrụkwa ọrụ ke ntuli aka nke Mikhail Romanov. Ọ bụghị naanị nke ahụ, ha nwere onuogugu elu, na Cossacks nọgidere apụghị ire ure. Prince Troubetzkoy, chọrọ ocheeze, adịghị skimp, akpọrepu ọgbọ ya na inweta nkwado n'etiti Cossacks. Ha, n'aka, ọ bụghị ịjụ ndị onyinye, ma-kwadoro na-isi.

Ọzọkwa a bụrụkwa ọrụ na nhọrọ nke Mikhail Fedorovich egwuri dịghị pretender ocheeze na Moscow, dị ka ọ pụrụ iduga a ọdachi, na akpaghasị Zemsky Sobor. Boyars Romanov nabatara candidacy, n'ihi na ha kweere na ọ bụ na-eto eto (n'oge nwa okoro dị afọ 16) na ga-abụ "eze nke n'akpa uwe", a popet n'aka ha. Mgbe e kpebiri ịjụ osisi na-Mikhail Fedorovich, chetara banyere mmekọrịta ya na ndị Rurik usoro ndị eze, dika nna-ya , Onyeisi Filaret bụ a nwa nwanne Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

Na akụkọ mgbe na mbido nke usoro ndị eze

Gịnị bụ emblem nke Romanov ezinụlọ? Tupu anyị na-ekwu banyere ya, ka ịmụta na akụkọ mgbe na mbido nke usoro ndị eze.

Ná mmalite nke XVI narị afọ version of mbata nke Vikings na Russia, e depụtara na "Akụkọ nke gara Years", ọ na-agaghịkwa hotara na abụghị n'ụzọ ike mba ugwu nke Russia. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere ozizi nke "Moscow - atọ Rome", ike na mba ọnọdụ dị ka a center nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. Anyị na-abịa na akụkọ mgbe ochie nke pedigree nke na-achị usoro ndị eze. N'ịbụ ndị a maara maka Roman Emperor Augustus. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, onye ikwu ya, Prus, e zigara Europe maka mmepe nke ala na oruru nke ala. O wee wee eze Prussia, na ọ bụ otu ugboro bi Slav.

Ụmụ Prus malitere mụbaa ókèala ya nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ndị e si otú biri na Russian ala. Ya mere, e ndị Rurik usoro ndị eze. Ma nke a akụkọ mgbe a na-ejikọta ya na Romanovs? Nnọọ mfe. Na 1722 Peter m kpebikwara inabata na legitimacy nke ha ike site "inwetara" nke pedigree. Emperor gwara ịzụlite a version of King of Ngwá Stepan Andreyevich Kolycheva. Ugbu a, ọ na-chere na n'oge nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom (373 ma ọ bụ 305 afọ), King of Prussia Prouty ebe n'ime onwunwe nke ala-eze-nne-ya Veydevutu, o wee na-ekpere arụsị obodo Romanov, ebe ọ na-asọpụrụ dị ka Nnukwu Onye Nchụàjà. The mmezi e odude ke bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Dubissy na Nevyazhi ebe ọkụkụ ya size oak mụbara. Tupu ọnwụ ya, ala-eze Veydevut ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ.

Otu n'ime ụmụ ya, Nedron, wee malite ịchị zhmudskih ala (ókèala nke oge a na Lithuania). Ọtụtụ narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ, a na nkpuru Nedrona, Gland Cambio, bịara Russia, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ndị mbụ Prince of Moscow, Daniilu Aleksandrovichu. N'ebe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ Onye Kraịst, na nke mbụ ya, aha ya bụ a aha otutu - mares. Kwesịrị ịdị, na nsụgharị ndị a na-adịghị n'ezie, ọtụtụ mgbalị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme iji hụ na ha mere eme bụ ihe efu. O sina dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-achị ndị Romanov usoro ndị eze n'ezie oké, na-ekwu okwu banyere ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama nke a ga-atụle n'okpuru.

Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova eze

Mikhail Fedorovich buru eze 1613 na 1645. Ọ rụrụ a ezigbo ike - na-akawanye ọnọdụ na mba, bibiri mgbe oj oo. Kwụsị na-arụ ụka na-achị achị. "Vorenok Ivashka" nwa nke Ụgha Dmitry II, bụ ndị pụrụ iri uru nke accession nke a ọhụrụ eze ghara inwe afọ ojuju, na e gburu. Ofu-oriri-uzọ pretenders na Russian ocheeze. Mbụ, ihe ịga nke ọma bụ mba ọzọ amụma nke Michael. Na 1617 kwubiri Stolbovsky udo na Sweden, we laghachi rue Novgorod nke Russia. Na 1618 nkwekọrịta e banyere Deulino na Poland, nke ga-eduga ọnọdụ n'ime n'ihi enweghị ihe ize ndụ site n'èzí. Otú ọ dị, na Smolensk War (1632-1634) Russia e merie ya.

Alexis

N'oge ọchịchị nke Alexei Mikhailovich, na e nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa ihe, ma eze bụ na ndò nke nwa-ya, Peter m Ukwu ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na Alexis e utu aha quietest, afọ nke ọchịchị ya na-akpọ "buntashnym". Mgbe a na oge (1645-1676) dara ọtụtụ ịrịba na-ewu ewu discontent: Salt Naa (1648), Ọla kọpa Naa (1662) na nwoke onye oru ugbo agha edu Stepan Razin (1670-1671). N'ihi na ihe ndị mere na mbụ iwu nke e kuchiri - Conciliar The Code (1649), dị ka nke iwu aha serfdom. Famous maka mgbanwe nke Onyeisi Nikon, bụ ndị chọrọ ime ná mma okpukpe n'ememe na akwụkwọ ndị Grik malite. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe jikoro ndị na-adịghị mkpa (set nrutu troeperstiem, ede aha Jizọs, na na. D.) Ha mere ka a otutu discontent n'etiti ndị mmadụ.

Peter m A.

Onye ọ bụla maara nke mbụ Russian eze ukwu, a akwa Rọbọt na nkà ọchịagha - Peter m Alekseevich. The mbụ onwe nzọụkwụ ghọrọ eze Azov mkpọsa, ekele nke Russia nweela ohere ka Oké Osimiri nke Azov na Great Embassy, na nke Pita n'onwe ya were ifịk akụkụ. Russia enweela ọtụtụ European omenala, na kpụrụ Northern Alliance maka a agha na Sweden. N'oge Akwa Northern War (1700-1721) Russia nweela ohere na Baltic Oké Osimiri na natara ọnọdụ nke alaeze ukwu. Ọtụtụ mgbanwe Peter mee ka ngwa mmepe nke ikeketeorie na mba, agụmakwụkwọ, omenala, sayensị, na na. D.

Catherine II Alexeyevna

Peter m natara iwu nke inwe, dị ka nke ndị eze na-ahọpụta a nọchiri, ma akwa edidem enweghị oge pụrụ nke na nke a, nke mere ka ogologo n'obí kuu ke nke na-aga ime nke oche-eze, ịdabere na Nche, jide ike. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-enweghị ike ịbanye, ma nke a abụghị eziokwu nke Ekaterina II, nwunye nke Russian ndị mmadụ asị Peter III, nwa nwa Peter I. na mpụga na esịtidem atumatu nke Catherine nwere ike kọwara dị ka ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ secularized ụka ala (1764), kagburu hetman na Ukraine (1764), rụrụ mgbanwe nke Sineti (1763), n'ógbè (1775), obodo (1785). Tumadi n'ihi nke mba ọzọ amụma bụ iji nweta ohere ka Black Sea na accession nke Crimea peninshula.

Alexander m Pavlovich

Alexander m - a kama controversial ọgụgụ na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mmalite nke ọchịchị ya bụ ekwe - Private Committee, nke gụnyere ndika eze ukwu nyere iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbaghara (1801), mgbanwe nke mbadamba nke Ministry (1802), na free ọrụ ubi (1803). Na 1812, Russia meriri a na oké mmeri n'agha, na mba ikike ike sikwuo ike. Ma na nkera nke abụọ nke ọchịchị Alexander na-emesapụ mgbanwe ele ihe anya agbanweela, na nke ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị mere nsogbu nke Decembrists ke 1825.

Alexander II Nikolaevich

Mgbapụta Alexander II kpọ isi mgbanwe rụrụ na 1861, --ekpochapụ serfdom. Ọ bụ mgbe Alexander II nke Romanov ezinụlọ uwe nke ogwe aka e kere, nke ga-atụle n'okpuru. Site na oge nke ọchịchị ya, ọtụtụ mgbanwe na-emejuputa atumatu: ogige (1864), a district (1864), obodo (1870), ndị agha (1861-1874) na ndị ọzọ mgbanwe. O sina dị, oké transformer, e gburu na 1881 narodovolnikom A. I. Zhelyabovym.

ikpeazụ Romanov

On Nicholas II na-achị ya nwere ike oge. a ọtụtụ ọbara-awụfu n'oge ọdachi na Khodynka Field (1894), na Russian-Japanese Agha (1904-1905), na mgbanwe (1905-1907), Agha Ụwa Mbụ (1914-1918) na na February mgbanwe (1917). Otú ọ dị, ọchịchị Nicholas e nwere otu nnukwu abawanye na bi, ụtụ isi n'etiti ndị kasị ala na Europe, na-aka nke ndị ọrụ ugbo bụ banyere 80% of arable ala. N'ụzọ dị mwute, enweghị a ike n'aka Ọkaakaa ọdịda mba ọzọ amụma na a mmetụta siri ike ndị okenye Grigory Rasputin dugara nkwatu nke Eze Ukwu na March 1917 na gbara ya na ndị ezinụlọ m na-esote okpomọkụ. Ọ bụ ihe ikpeazụ Romanov usoro ndị eze nke kwụsịrị ịdị adị.

The nchoputa nke Russian Archaeological Society

Berngard Vasilevich ebe - nnukwu heraldist na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, nchoputa nke Russian Archaeological Society. On ya n'uche, ịtụ gerbotvorchestva na Russia ẹkenịmde. Na 1857, Baron Koehne ike iwu nnọchianya decorating. Bernhard bụ nke abụọ Onye Okike nke na-Big akara nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ahụ na ndị ezinụlọ crest nke Romanov usoro ndị eze.

Uwe nke ogwe aka nke Romanovs: akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ebe ọ bụ na-abịa ike na 1613-isi nile nke Romanov usoro ndị eze na-eji mba emblem, nke na-egosi a na-aga ugo. Ma 60-s nke XIX narị afọ, Alexander II chọrọ ike a onye nnọchianya. Olee otú ezinụlọ uwe nke ogwe aka nke Romanov usoro ndị eze? N'ihi ya ndabere bụ emblem nke Romanov boyars. Ma e nwekwara a nnọchianya nke Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, dị ka kpọmkwem nwoke alaka nke usoro ndị eze mkpirikpi na 1730 na onwu nke Peter m nwa, Peter II, na ndị inyom na - na 1761 na onwu nke nwa-ya nwayi Elizabeth. The mbụ nnọchiteanya nke usoro ndị eze nke Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov bụ Pita III. Nne-ya, Anna, bụ nwa nwanyị nke Petra Velikogo, na nna-ya, Karl Friedrich, bụ Duke nke Holstein-Gottorp. Peter, o doro anya, na-enweghị oge na-edozi ahụ iwu aha nke usoro ndị eze, na nwunye ya, Catherine II, ọ bụghị na-adọta ukwuu anya na-amị amị nke, n'ihi na mbụ ya na ọkwá ya na ocheeze mara mma shaky.

Symbols akara-Holstein Gottorp-Romanov

Gịnị ka uwe nke ogwe aka nke Romanovs? The uru bụ doro anya: ọ bụ ike na ikike.

Ọta e kewara abụọ n'akụkụ. Right uwe nke ogwe aka nke Romanovs. Ọ na-egosi a red n'olu, na-ejide ya claws a mma-agha na ọta. Ihe kacha mkpa nju - obere nwa ugo ọdụ na a osisi. Ọnu uwe-nke ogwe aka mma na ọdụm isi. Ọ na-kweere na ihe nnọchiteanya nke Romanovs e biiri site na ha si emblem nke Livonia, dị ka Griffin - a ọgụgụ pụtara nkịtị na European heraldry. Uwe nke ogwe aka nke Schleswig-Holstein emi odude na ekpe na ekewa ise n'akụkụ, iche site a obere ọta na center. Na nsọtụ, ị pụrụ ịhụ na uwe nke ogwe aka nke Schleswig, Holstein uwe nke ogwe aka, uwe nke aka stormarnsky, uwe ditmarsensky. The n'ime ọta na-kewara abụọ n'akụkụ: Oldenburg na delmengorstsky nnọchianya.

House nke Romanov Boyars

House of Romanov n'Aka - nanị ụlọ na-anwụghị si oké ala nke Romanovs. Presumably, ọ e wuru na mbubreyo XVI na narị afọ. Na XIX narị afọ, Alexander II kwuru na House ghọrọ a ngosi nka bụ free ileta. House of Romanov bụkwa ọwọrọiso maka eziokwu na mgbidi ya bụ a Griffin onyinyo nke isi agwa nke Romanov ezinụlọ.