Shtokman gas ubi

The Shtokman gas na ghọọ mmanụ ubi a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa. Ọ na-emi odude na na Barents Sea, na mmiri nke Russia.

General ọmụma banyere n'ókèala

Azụ anụ ubi na-emi odude na shelf na Central mpaghara nke East-Barents nupụsịrị. Ọ na-ewe ebe sub meridian direction na gburugburu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ. New Earth. The nupụsịrị nke a ọkaibe Ọdịdị. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke miri emi ndagwurugwu: na South na North na Barents Sea Nansen. Ha na-iche site na mpaghara mbuli-elu-sadulu. South na North nke kewapụrụ megasedlovinoy. Ọ na-agụnye 3 nke kasị ego nke shelf - ice, Shtokman na Ludlovskoe. Nke ikpeazụ a na-ewere a isi akụ olu. The mbụ na nke abụọ na-atụle pụrụ iche.

nchọpụta

Shtokman ubi ọmụmụ malitere na 1981. Mgbe na-achụ a mbara Geophysical amụ Barents-Kara Basin. Ọrụ e rụrụ site ọrụ "Severomorneftegeofiziki" na research arịa "Dr. azụ anụ Ave". N'ihi ya aha nke saịtị. Drilling nke Shtokman gas ubi malitere na 1983. The mbụ olulu e mere na "Valentin Shashin" na ụgbọ mmiri "Viktor Muravlenko". Omimi nke mbụ ngagharị di 3153 mita. N'ihi ya, na-egwu ala abụọ ego a chọpụtara.

atụmatụ ọdọ mmiri

The Shtokman gas ubi na-emi odude 550 kilomita site Murmansk (ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ). The kacha nso ala bụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Novaya Zemlya (300 km). The mmiri omimi na mpaghara si 320 na 340 m Ebuka Shtokman -. Banyere 3,94 puku ijeri. ^m3. The ghọọ mmanụ bụ ugbu ke ichekwa 56,1 nde. T. egosipụta okụre oge a nro na-adịghị ike n'ala na ala elu. Ha ike nke ruo 8 m. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị nkịtị kpatara soft Ona, nke bụ 4-24 m ikike. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, na nupụsịrị n'elu ke N'ezie nke ọrụ ọdọ mmiri 15-25 afọ ga-eduga guzobe Central mpaghara nke ebe nke efere subsidence, nke bụ ịdị omimi erughị 10 m.

mmepe oru ngo

N'ihi nnyocha na mmepe nke Shtokman ubi pụrụ iche ụlọ ọrụ e guzobere n'afọ 2002. Ọ nwere a ikike maka mmepe ruo mbụ 2018 The ụlọ ọrụ e guzobere site "Gazprom" na "Rosneft". Ikpeazụ ke 2004, akanyam ya n'elu osisi na ibe. Ugbu a, na-arụ ọrụ na ókèala site LLC "Gazpromneft-shelf". Mmejuputa iwu nke oru ngo chere na ndabere nke nkwekọrịta na mmepụta nkekọrịta. Mgbe mbụ ogbo nke mmepụta ya e zubere na 22 ijeri. M ³ / afọ. Part nke ego bu n'obi na-eduzi na mmepụta nke gasị gas. Ngwaahịa a na-zubere maka oru ngo na mbupụ na USA. Na na. Teriberka emi odude ke Kola Peninsula, e kwesịrị iru osisi na ọnụ. The management ụlọ ọrụ na-atụ anya na-adọta na Shtokman ubi nke ndị mba ọzọ investors. Ọ e zubere iji mee ka mmasị ụlọ ọrụ 49% nke ọdọ-miri. Site September 2005, a ndepụta e haziri, nke gụnyere 5 mba ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ - nwere sonyere maka mmepe nke ókèala ndị Constrium. Otú ọ dị, ná mmalite October 2006, "Gazprom" mara ọkwa na ọ dịghị nke ha nyere ndị yiri akụ. Na nke a, na subsoil ọrụ nọgidere na a anụ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi mgbanwe ndị na-plan-adọta mba ọzọ investors, ọ hụrụ na ndị Shtokman ubi na-oyi kpọnwụrụ n'ihi na a ogologo oge. The ọnọdụ ahụ dịkwuo njọ aka ike Arctic idụhe, dị anya site na osimiri. Ke adianade do, a nnukwu omimi nke olulu-achọ kwesịrị ekwesị mmepụta na njem teknụzụ. Domestic ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ ohere na-enweghị. Dị ka amụma, ndị dị mkpa investments kwesịrị 15-20 bln. USD. Ọ bụrụ na ọdọ mmiri na zuru ike mmepụta olu ga-67 ijeri. M ³ / afọ.

a ọhụrụ ogbo

Ke ufọt ufọt July nke 2007 mgbe a ekwentị mkparịta ụka n'etiti Sarkozy na Vladimir Putin, a mara ọkwa na a ọhụrụ onye nke anụ ụlọ monopolist "Gazprom" ga-abụ French ụlọ ọrụ Total. Ọ nọ na-azọrọ na e-enweta 25% nke mbak. Ndị fọdụrụ 24% nwere ike iru ọzọ si mba ọzọ mmekọ. Ọkachamara kweere na mkpebi ahụ bụ n'ihi a nkọ mma na mmekọahụ n'etiti Russia na France. 24% nke ndị fọdụrụ mbak zigara ụlọ ọrụ StatoilHydro nke Norway.

ihe isi ike na

Mejuputa oru ngo kere ke 2008, ụlọ ọrụ na "Gazprom Neft adị" e guzobere, 100% ekesịpde "Gazprom". The e guzobere ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ, a họpụtara site na ọrụ 1 na 2 ebe mmepe n'ụzọ. The "Gazprom" ọgwụgwụ nke August nke 2012 na ya mba ndị mmekọ kwetara na a nwa oge nkwusioru nke mmejuputa atụmatụ. N'ihi na mkpebi ọ bụ kwa elu-akwụ ụgwọ na abụrụ ọhụrụ oru ngo iji nweta shale ego. Ebe ọ bụ na search malitere maka nhọrọ iji melite arụmọrụ nke plan. Na October 2012, President nke Russian Federation kwuru na kwesŽrŽ banye ngo agreement. Peskov kwuru na-ewu ga-amalite tupu ọgwụgwụ nke 2017 afọ. Ebe ọ bụ na December 2012, ngo malitere ọzọ na mmejuputa. Dị ka nke January 2013th zoo e zubere iji chọpụta mmebe nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu osisi.

The aku na uba na akụkụ

The Shtokman ubi na-atụle ga-ukwuu isi obodo kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Nke a na-eme ka ya ike, ma, ọ bụghị nanị ya mmepe. Na nke a, dị ka isi ebumnobi nke oru ngo, ya na ihe nweta nke elu udu nke mmepụta, bụ:

1. The ọnụ na ego ibu arọ.
2. Nkwa na nnata nke oru ngo egosi.
3. The mmeghe nke na o na-eme mgbanwe na N'ezie nke ndokwa malitere ọrụ.

Idozi nsogbu ndị a bụ na o kwere omume na ihe omume ahụ, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, na Shtokman ubi ga-mepụtara nwayọọ nwayọọ. Na nke a, doo nke gbara na-enye maka mmepe nke ókèala a phased abawanye na Ẹkot akọ na 3rd mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. N'ihi ya, ekenyela atọ. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha na-anọchi anya na igba egbe nke a ọhụrụ ùkwù: otu n'elu ikpo okwu - otu akara nke mmiri n'okpuru osimiri gas pipeline - atọ mmepụta edoghi na LNG osisi (ma ọ bụ nweekwa pipeline). N'elu na-eru nke atọ ogbo ga-amalite si na parameters tọrọ ala na draft. Uru si na ire ngwaahịa na onye ọ bụla na ogbo nwere ike reinvested na n'ihu mmepe.

The kpọmkwem nke oké osimiri ịkụ azụ

Nke a na ebe nke gas mmepụta na olu nke isi obodo investments bụ taa a kasị ọnọdụ. Na oké osimiri ịkụ azụ akụkọ ihe 48% niile investments na mmepe nke efere. Ibu na size na ndị ọzọ e ji mara nke usoro nwere a ukwuu mmetụta na imewe nke gas na ghọọ mmanụ na Shtokman.

akụrụngwa

The isi na nkà na ụzụ mmewere nke nzukọ nke oké osimiri ịkụ azụ na ebe họọrọ ice na-eguzogide ọkara submersible n'elu ikpo okwu. Ọ e mere maka imekotaotuugbo-egwu na ojiji nke olulu na ndokwa na ọnụ nke saịtị. Kwere omume nhọrọ nwere ike ibu nyiwe dị ka SPAR na TLP. Saịtị ọ bụla na-atụ anya ka ndị niile mgbagwoju nke na-eji egwu na ngwá, nkà na ụzụ nkeji ubi ọgwụgwọ nke na-emepụta gas. Nke ikpeazụ bụ na ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na a otu-adọ iga nke ngwaọrụ site na pipeline. Design larịị nke mmịpụta na-enweta site na wụnye dị iche iche Shtokman atọ nyiwe. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha na-nri site 3 ọma usoro. The oru ngo na-enye a edo nkesa ofụri nkwụnye ego ebe. Onye ọ bụla n'elu ikpo okwu na-ejikọta ya na n'ikpere mmiri ụlọ ọrụ site na a pipeline. Iji hụ na a pụrụ ịdabere na gbochie ọdịda dum usoro, niile na saịtị na-jikọọ ọzọ pipeline.

ọgwụgwụ

Nchọpụta nke Shtokman ubi na-achọ, n'ezie, a otutu ego. Otú ọ dị, ya mmepe ga-enye ịrịba mpịakọta nke ngwaọrụ kwa afo. Ubi na-emi odude ke a kama ọjọọ mpaghara. Oru ebumnobi bụ ụbọchị na-ebuli-akwụ ụgwọ. The nwayọọ nwayọọ mmepe nke ubi ga-edozi ọtụtụ nsogbu, inweta ndị dị mkpa ego maka reinvestment. Nke dị oké mkpa bụ, Otú ọ dị, ndị mba ọzọ ndị mmekọ na ego.