Slavic otu asụsụ. Gịnị asụsụ dịịrị Slavic otu?

Slavic ìgwè nke asụsụ bụ isi alaka nke Indo-European asụsụ, dị ka ndị Slav - bụ nnukwu na Europe, otu ìgwè nke ndị mmadụ n'otu a yiri okwu na omenala. Ha na-eji ihe karịrị 400 nde mmadụ.

Isi

Slavic asụsụ otu - a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke Indo-European asụsụ, na-eji na ọtụtụ nke mba na Eastern Europe, Balkan, akụkụ nke Central Europe na n'ebe ugwu Asia. Ọ na-kasị anya metụtara Baltic asụsụ (Lithuanian, Latvian na nwuchapu ochie Prussian). Asụsụ metụtara Slavic otu, sitere Central na Eastern Europe (Poland, Ukraine) na-agbasa ndị ọzọ nke n'elu kwuru banyere ókèala.

Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-eji na ndị zuru ụwa ọnụ uru (atụ, Russian, Polish, Czech). A Church Slavonic ka na-eji ọrụ ke Orthodox Church.

nhazi ọkwa

E nwere atọ iche iche nke Slavic asụsụ South Slavic, West Slavic na East Slavic alaka.

Na asụkarị, dị ka megide n'ụzọ doro anya-ekewapụ ndị edemede, asụsụ ókè-bụghị mgbe niile doro anya. E nwere ndị mepere olumba ejikọta asụsụ dị iche iche, ma e wezụga n'ihi ebe ebe South Slav kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ ndị Slav, Romanians, Hungary na-asụ German Austrians. Ma ọbụna ndị a dịpụrụ adịpụ ebe, e nwere ụfọdụ remnants nke ochie olumba nke continuity (atụ, myirịta nke Russian na Bulgarian).

Ya mere, ọ ga-kwuru na omenala nhazi ọkwa n'ụdị atọ iche iche alaka ga-atụle dị ka a ezi ihe nlereanya nke akụkọ ihe mere eme development. Correct na-eche echiche nke ya dị ka a usoro na na-eme iche na reintegration olumba, na-ahapụ Slavic ìgwè nke asụsụ a na-a pụtara ìhè Ime Otu nke dum n'ókèala ya nkesa. Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ụzọ dị iche iche gafere na ha omenala weere.

iche

Ma ọ ga-abụ ikwubiga okwu ókè-atụ anya na nkwurịta okwu n'etiti abụọ ọ bụla, na-ekwu okwu dị iche iche Slavic asụsụ bụ omume na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla asụsụ isi ike. Ọtụtụ iche na fonetiikisi, ụtọ asụsụ na okwu nwere ike ime ka nghọtahie, ọbụna dị mfe akparịta ụka, ọ bụghị banyere ihe isi ike na oru nta akuko, teknuzu na nkà ikwu okwu. Ka ihe atụ, Russian okwu "green" bụ recognizable niile Slav, ma "red" pụtara "mara mma" na ndị ọzọ na-asụ asụsụ. Suknja - a "uwe mwụda" na Serbo-Croatian, "kootu" na Slovene, a yiri okwu bụ "ákwà" - "uwe" ke Ukraine.

Eastern ìgwè nke Slavic asụsụ

Ọ na-agụnye ndị Russian, Ukrainian na Belarusian. Russian - nwaafo fọrọ nke nta ka 160 nde mmadụ, gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na mba nke bụbu Soviet Union. Ya isi olumba: ugwu, n'ebe ndịda na etiti mgbanwe otu. Tinyere ọ bụ nke Moscow olumba, nke dabeere na edemede asụsụ. All na Russian na-kwuru site banyere 260 nde mmadụ n'ụwa nile.

Na mgbakwunye na "oké ma dị ike" Eastern Slavic ìgwè nke asụsụ na-agụnye abụọ na isi asụsụ.

• Ukrainian, nke a na-ekewa ugwu, n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Carpathian ire okwu. Ide ede dabeere na Kyiv-Poltava ire okwu. N'ime 37 nde mmadụ na-ekwu okwu Ukrainian na Ukraine na mba ndị agbata obi, nakwa dị ka ihe karịrị 350 000 ndị mmadụ maara na asụsụ na Canada na United States. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke nnukwu agbụrụ obodo nke kwabatara ndị fọdụrụ ná mba ná ngwụsị XIX narị afọ. Carpathian olumba, makwaara dị ka Carpatho mgbe ụfọdụ weere na a iche iche asụsụ.
• Belarus - na kwuru site gburugburu nde mmadụ asaa na Belarus. Ya isi olumba: ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, ụfọdụ atụmatụ nke nwere ike kọwara site mbọhọ ka Polish ala, na n'ebe ugwu. Minsk olumba, nke bụ ihe ndabere maka edemede asụsụ, na-emi odude na ókè-ala n'etiti abụọ dị iche iche.

West Slavic alaka

Ọ na-agụnye Polish ndị ọzọ lehitskie (Kashubian na nwuchapu nhọrọ - Slowinski), Sorbian na Czechoslovak adverbs. Otu a nke Slavic asụsụ ezinụlọ nwere nnọọ nkịtị. More karịa 40 nde mmadụ na-ekwu okwu Polish, bụghị naanị na Poland na n'ebe ndị ọzọ na Eastern Europe (akpan akpan ke Lithuania, na Czech Republic na Belarus), ma na-na France, na United States na Canada. Ọ na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ subgroups.

Polish adverbs

Main - bụ n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na mpaghara nke Silesia. Kashubian Pomeranian olumba a na-ewere akụkụ nke asụsụ, nke, dị ka Poland, bụ lehitskim. Ya ọkà okwu na-ebi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Gdańsk na Baltic n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

Slowinski nwuchapu olumba bụ ugwu ìgwè nke olumba nke Kashubian, nke dị iche iche site n'ebe ndịda. Ọzọ ejibeghi asụsụ metụtara lehitskim - ya Polabian, nke e kwuru na 17-18 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Slav bụ onye dịrị ndụ na gburugburu Osimiri Elbe.

Ya ikwu bụ serboluzhitsky, nke ka na-asụ Lausitz n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Germany. Ọ nwere ihe abụọ edemede asụsụ: verhneluzhitsky (eji na Bautzen na gburugburu ebe) na Lower Sorbian (nkịtị na Cottbus).

Czechoslovak otu asụsụ

Ọ na-agụnye:

• Czech, nke e kwuru site banyere 12 nde mmadụ na Czech Republic. Ya olumba: Bohemian, Moravian na Silesian. The edemede asụsụ na e guzobere ke XVI na narị afọ na Central Bohemia Prague dabeere ire okwu.
• Slovak, ọ na-eji banyere 6 nde ndị mmadụ, ọtụtụ - ndị Slovakia. The edemede asụsụ e hiwere na ndabere nke olumba nke Central Slovakia na n'etiti XIX narị afọ. Western Slovak olumba ndị yiri Moravian na dị iche iche si Central na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na-atụmatụ na-emekarị ndị na-Polish na Ukrainian asụsụ.

South Slavic otu asụsụ

N'etiti atọ isi ọ bụghị ọtụtụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke media okwu. Ma, ọ bụ ihe na-akpali ìgwè nke Slavic asụsụ, a ndepụta nke, nakwa dị ka ha asụsụ dị nnọọ ọtụtụ.

Ha na-nkewa dị ka ndị a:

1. Eastern subgroup. Ọ na-agụnye:

• Bulgarian asụsụ - kwuru ihe karịrị nde mmadụ itoolu ndị mmadụ na Bulgaria na ha gbara agbata obi na mpaghara nke ọzọ Balkan mba na Ukraine. E nwere isi ihe abụọ dị iche iche nke obodo olumba: Eastern na Western. Nke mbụ bụ na ndabere nke edemede asụsụ na n'etiti XIX narị afọ, nke abụọ a dị ịrịba ama mmetụta ya.
• Macedonian asụsụ - na kwuru site nde mmadụ abụọ na Balkans. Ọ bụ ihe ikpeazụ oké nnọchiteanya nke alaka ụlọ ọrụ, nke natara a ọkọlọtọ ide ede ihe mere n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

2. Western subgroup:

• Serbo-Croatian asụsụ - banyere 20 nde mmadụ na-eji ya. The ndabere maka edemede version bụ Shtokavian olumba, nke bụ ọsọ na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian na Montenegrin ókèala.
• Slovenian asụsụ - kwuru ihe karịrị 2.2 nde ndị mmadụ na Slovenia na gburugburu ebe na Italy na Austria. Ọ nwere ụfọdụ yie na n'ire okwu nke Croatia na-agụnye ọtụtụ ire okwu na nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha. Na Slovenia (akpan akpan ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ olumba), metụtara nke ochie agbatị na West Slavic asụsụ pụrụ ịchọta (Czech na Slovak).