Labyrinth - ihe bụ nke a? nke pụtara

Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọtụtụ ndị ga na-echeta akụkọ nke egwu ogologo anụ Minotaur, onye nne ya, iji zoo mmadụ anya, ya pụrụ iche nwa, nọ ọnọdu-abali na maze na Knossos. Nke a Ọdịdị bụ ya mere mgbagwoju anya na ọ dịghị onye ọzọ karịa ya onye nwe ya, ike ịchọta a si n'ebe ahụ. Construction nke labyrinths kemgbe na-ewu ewu abụghị naanị n'oge ochie, ma na-na Middle Ages na ụdi oge. Gịnị bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ntoputa nke echiche nke "Labyrinth" na ọ bụrụ na o nwere ihe ọ bụla ọzọ uru?

The etymology nke okwu "labyrinth"

Tupu ị na-amụta nzube nke okwu a, ọ bụ uru na-aṅa ntị ya malite. Dị ka akụkọ ifo nke Minotaur, na ọ bụ a noun na Russian asụsụ site ndị Grik oge ochie.

Ekesa abụọ nsụgharị nke malite aha. On otu n'ime ha, na agwaetiti Krit, okwu "labyrinth" a na-akpọ ebe e echekwara ememe anyụike na-akpọ Labrys. Na ndị ọzọ, na-labyrinth - a ewusiri ike. Na ihu ọma nke a ozizi bụ eziokwu na e nwere cognate ya okwu n'asusu Grik, nke sụgharịta ka "n'okporo ámá" ma ọ bụ "Lane".

Site Slav okwu Grik labyrinthos bịara site na mediation nke German asụsụ na-eji na okwu labyrinth. Nke a mere n'oge ọchịchị nke Peter m, bụ onye dị nnọọ ụtọ nke a fashionable European fun. Ọ na-otoro na ndị na-ewu a na iri na abuo labyrinths na alaeze, ma ọ bụ nnọọ eziokwu.

N'eziokwu, eze e wuru dị nnọọ "Garden Pavilion na Temple" na Peterhof. Ọ na-anọchi anya ya onwe ya mgbagwoju anya park na a na-egwu mmiri na center na a ngụkọta nke ebe 2 hectare. Ọ e wuru Jean-Baptiste Leblond na bụ oké ebe na-eje ije na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ ụbọchị.

Nakwa dị ka ihe ọ bụla ọhụrụ, ọ gara a dịgasị iche iche nke asịrị. Ụfọdụ kweere na ụfọdụ njem okụrede enweghị a Chọpụta na a outlandish ebe. Ndị ọzọ na-ezi kwere na Peter bụ a maze - a nzuzo nzukọ ebe na-edo nkume. Olee otú eziokwu ndị a echiche - amaghị.

Ma n'etiti ndị nkịtị, okwu "labyrinth" (ya uru - n'okpuru) na-agba nkịtị ruo ogologo oge, dị ka aha "Babylon" dịwo mee kama. Babylon mgbe emeso ya na ịkpachara anya, na-ewere na ha nwere ụfọdụ kpokọtara Njirimara.

Ka ihe atụ, ndị a ma ama na akara ngosi nke XVIII narị afọ. - "Labyrinth ime mmụọ" - nke egosiputara ya dị ka ihe siri ike ịchọta ụzọ iji Heaven. E kweere na, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-ele ya na-enweghị ụzọ ekwusa, ị nwere ike na-aga crazy.

Okwu ahụ bụ "labyrinth": lexical pụtara

N'ihi na ewu ewu na nke Greek akụkọ taa okwu a ka na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eji na-ekwu okwu. Na na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị bụ isi ụkpụrụ ya ka enwetara ọbụna a ole na ole mmezi. Ebe ọ bụ na XIX narị afọ. i nwere ike na-ama izute "labyrinth" (nke pụtara) na nkọwa akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Dahl na mgbe e mesịrị na Ozhegova, Ushakov na ndị ọzọ.

Vladimir Dahl n'akwụkwọ ya na-akpọ ndị labyrinth nke ebe site na nke ọ na-esi ike ịchọta ụzọ nke mgbagwoju anya usoro ụzọ na crossings. O yiri akọwa lexical ihe okwu "labyrinth" na ndị ọzọ Russian ọkà mmụta asụsụ.

Taa, okwu a na-akpọ abụọ- ma ọ bụ atọ akụkụ Ọdịdị na a mgbagwoju anya usoro ụzọ ka ụzọ ọpụpụ. Ọ nwere ike ịdị ka a nkume, na osisi si malite.

Ọzọ pụtara nke okwu

Na mgbakwunye na isi a pụtara noun Vladimir Dahl n'akwụkwọ ya na-eduga na nke sekọndrị. Ya mere, ọ na-akpọ ndị labyrinth nke n'ime akụkụ nke mmadụ ntị.

Ma Ushakov depụtara na ya ukwuu nkọwa akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nkọwa maka okwu. Ya mere, na mgbakwunye na nke dị n'elu, o kwuru na ihe atụ ihe okwu: ihe mgbagwoju anya interweaving nke ihe (a maze nke echiche, mmetụta maze). Dị ka ihe atụ hotara Saltykov-Shchedrin: "Ọ bụrụ na m na-akwa anya ọzọ, eleghị anya, na-ejide na a maze na samovoprosheny samovozrazheny".

Taa a maze - ọ bụ na-a nchekwa ngwaọrụ nke na kọmputa ike mbanye, nakwa dị ka aha nke osisi egwuregwu nke Russian ebipụta ụlọ na-ere akwụkwọ.

Ke adianade do, ndị ewu ewu na nke a okwu bụ eziokwu na nke 5 fim, aha nke nke okwu ogosiri photographed na 30 gara aga. E nwekwara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na otu aha ma music albums.

Fayum maze

Otu n'ime ihe mbụ kwuru banyere nke ihe owuwu-maze bụ nna mere eme - Herodotus. Ọ kọwara temple nke Ijipt chi na isi nke a agụ iyi, fere Shedite (Herodotus na-akpọ obodo a "Crocodilopolis"). N'otu aka ahụ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke na-ewu Fayum amaghị labyrinth, ọ na-chere na e mere ya jide a dịgasị iche iche nke ememe okpukpe, nakwa dị ka na-echekwa akụ. Dị ka akụkọ ndị oge ochie, usoro Nkea, ogidi na niches ekwe a onye na-anaghị mara ya unit, kpafuo n'ime ebe a ụbọchị ole na ole, ma ọ bụ ọbụna izu.

Ná mkpọmkpọ ebe fọdụrụ na ya ebe taa, ọ bụ ike ịghọta otú mgbagwoju anya a Ọdịdị n'ezie, ma, ikpe ikpe site na nkọwa nke nna ya akụkọ, ya anya n'ezie dara oké ọnụ. Site n'ụzọ, nke a maze a kọwara ná nchụàjà site Boleslaw Prus 'Pharaoh'.

Greek, Roman, Indian maze

Mara Knossos labyrinth e mere onyinyo nke Fayum, ma ọtụtụ usụhọde ya size. O jekwara ozi dị ka a okpukpe Ọdịdị, ma chi bụghị a agụ iyi, dị ka ndị Ijipt, na ehi (eleghị anya n'ihi ya akụkọ nke Minotaur). Ya kere eke na-ekewet Daedalus. N'adịghị ka ndị Ijipt bi a ka amaghi.

Ke adianade Crete e nwere onye ọzọ ma ama Greek maze. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ kpọmkwem, bụ amaghi. Dị iche iche akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpọ ebe ya na ọnọdụ ndị Aegean agwaetiti: Samos ma ọ bụ Limnos. Na njikọ na nke a bụ a version na pụrụ ịbụ na Minotaur si labyrinth bụ na Crete. Ma bụghị ma hụrụ mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ọ dịkarịa ala otu n'ime ha, ọ bụ ihe niile - nnọọ iferi Ozizi.

Ndị Rom nakweere si Grik na ọdịbendị ha, N'ezie, ike iguzogide ma ghara iru ha mazes. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-anwụghị, ma ndị mọ obodo nke Pompeii, ebe oge yiri ka guzoro ẹnịm emebibeghị abụọ obere maze home na ịtụnanya mosaics egosi echiche ụgha nke Minotaur. Ọ na-kweere na ndị Rom maze - ọ bụkwa a na-ewu ewu na ụmụ atụrụ ndụ. Nakwa dị ka ndị Gris, ha mebere atumatu na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-eji na okpukpe na nzube, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site eze ili ozu ná mkputamkpu ala Kluziume esịnede a tangled usoro funerary ụlọ.

Site n'ụzọ, na India na òtù nzuzo nke a Ọdịdị e kesara kwa. Ndị Hindu na-kwere na ihe ọjọọ ndị mmụọ ọjọọ nwere ike ime naanị nri, ya mere, na ụzọ mbata ụlọ arụsị na ụlọ mere obere mazes iji chebe onwe ha.

Labyrinths na Middle Ages

Na mgbanwe nke Christianity na-achị okpukpe Europe ịhụnanya nke mgbagwoju anya ụlọ nwetara ọhụrụ upswing. Ná mmalite labyrinths mma na ala nke ụka na Cathedrals, na-anọchi anya na ụmụ mmadụ na ndị mmehie. A obere ka e mesịrị, ndị okpukpe labyrinths e ji mee ihe maka a dịgasị iche iche nke rụpụtara, akpan akpan n'ihi dramatizations njem Jerusalem.

Labyrinths na UK na France

Malite site na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ. ụlọ ndị a na-eji dị ka ihe ndozi na osisi ụwa. Ebe ọ bụ na Mee na-enwe nkume owuwu nke ụdị ndidi impractical, nwayọọ nwayọọ bata ejiji labyrinths gardens. Oké ewu ewu ha nọ France, UK na Italy. Ihe e kere eke nke ndị ahụ atụrụ ndụ na-a ezigbo nkà, na-ewu ewu n'oge a.