Soviet mainline njem locomotive BỤ: akụkọ ihe mere eme, teknuzu e ji mara

1937 bụ a dị ịrịba ama maka Paris n'ihi World Expo na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ebe ahụ. "Chọọ" (mmetụta ịhụnanya aha nke njem locomotive "Iosif Stalin") wee ya Grand Prix. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ ike kacha ike locomotive na Europe. Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ na ọ nọgidere na-akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Soviet uzuoku locomotive.

Tutu nke oge

Steam Engine bụ a njem version nke na-ama ẹdude ibu uzuoku wand "Felix Dzerzhinsky", arụpụtara si 1931 na 1941 na Lugansk locomotive osisi. Ọ e kere n'ihi na nke mụbara ọtụtụ ugboro olu nke ntụgharị - na mba bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta. Steam Engine bụ nke ụdị 1-4-2. Gịnị ka ọ pụtara? Ọ bụ ya bụ na-akwọ ụgbọala axle 4, a Müller na 2 support na a isiike eku. On IS20-241 nlereanya e gosiri Ụwa Fair. Mkpebi pụtara olu - a locomotive n'ihu nke oge ya.

Ihe niile na-ọhụrụ locomotive

Site na mmalite nke na mmepụta nke ọrụ ebube a nke nkà na ụzụ na e hiwelarị na United States dị ike locomotives maka njem okporo ụzọ - "Mountain," "Hudson" na "Lokovanna". Otu axial usoro dị ka ICS, nwere a North American ibu ụgbọelu Berkchir. Ma, ọ bụ fundamentally dị iche iche na ụfọdụ si Soviet locomotive mere maka arọ nzi ozi na njem iga karịrị anya, na-akpụ akpụ na a ngwa ngwa ọsọ na arọ tracks dị ka "2a".

amanyere bụ iwu ọnọdụ

Steam Engine abịaghị na mberede. Soviet uzuoku locomotive malitere na 20-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Nyere akwakọba ahụmahụ na Kolomna osisi ngo locomotive "Mikado" e kere 1929. Ma oru ngo-a bụghị emejuputa atumatu, na 1931 malitere ike a ọzọ dị ike locomotive. Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi a chọrọ bụ kacha ngakorita nke akụkụ na a uzuoku engine usoro "Felix Dzerzhinsky". Ke adianade do, Steam Engine bụ inwe ndị traction, 50% elu karịa ke uzuoku wand ụdị su, ma ọ bụ "enwekwukwa Sormovo" ( "akọrọ"), na-emepụta na 1924.

atụmatụ karịrị

Na February, osisi e nyere ndị Central Bureau of locomotive maka zuru ezu imewe, na na April dechara calculations. Ebumnobi na-emewokwa - emepụta jisiri ka kennyeghari na PD bụ bụghị naanị cylinder, ji esi mmiri ọkụ, axle-igbe, axles na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ, ha mere ka o kwe omume iji a atụmatụ nke spring nkwusioru (a usoro maka ukpụhọde bodywork). Na April, mmepe nke ọdịda si imewe itieutom locomotive osisi ke Kolomna, nke, na òkè nke Izhora enterprise na mmalite nke October 1932 emepụta mbụ locomotive.

More karịa nnukwu arụmọrụ

Site na njedebe nke December nke otu afọ e anakọtara nke abụọ locomotive. All 1933 nlereanya a a na-piloted na atọ ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè - South, Catherine na October. The nkezi ike, nke gosiri a locomotive bụ 2500 HP, na ozugbo na ịrị elu nke 8% na ebe "Moscow Bologoe" ya ruru 3400 HP The etiti bụ karịa ugboro abụọ (zubere naanị 50%) karịrị ike nke "ihicha". The kasị ibu Europe na e ese ji esi mmiri ọkụ (80 n'arọ / m ² • h), nke karịrị ọbụna ihe ndekọ "FD" (65 n'arọ / m ² • h).

Na-etinye na stream

Na-esote party nzuko, ẹkenịmde ke 1934, ọ bụ mkpebi dị mkpa - Steam Engine usoro ( "Iosif Stalin") na ndị na-esonụ, bụ nke abụọ afọ ise atụmatụ ga-abụ isi njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'ime ogige nke mba. Ma Kolomna factory enweghị ike, ị na-agba ọsọ n'ime a uka eruba n'ime ndị dị otú ahụ locomotives. Site na njedebe nke 1935, a tọhapụrụ ha na isii. Otú ọ dị, wuru na 1927-1931 ọhụrụ osisi Voroshilov igwe factory ike ezitekwara eruba n'ime ntọhapụ nke ndị locomotives na ngọngọ cylinders na há nhata okpokolo agba.

Ọbụna ka mma, na ihe mara mma

N'ihi na otu onye naanị na 1936 ọ e wepụtara 3 locomotive. Ụfọdụ nkọwa tụnyere Kolomna uzuoku engine a mma, n'ihi na ihe atụ, igwe ndị a nwere a 6-axle obi kama 4-axle, nke dị na gara aga isii. Obi mmiri ghọrọ odi mfe na ndị ọzọ elongated udi, nke mma na ọdịdị nke engine na dum ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Na ugbua na 1937 osisi site na ịpị na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta, na-arụpụta 105 locomotives. Nke ka nke, 174 iberibe, e wepụtara na 1940, tupu agha ahụ malitere na 1941, nwere 81 locomotive. Ikpeazụ uzuoku engine nke usoro isiokwu a e dechara ewu ewu na Ulan-Ude ke 1942. Total locomotives "Iosif Stalin" e wepụtara 649 nkeji.

ibuo nlereanya

Na 1937, ndị Steam Engine e kere dị ka nnwale 20 16. Ihe nlereanya ama faired. Ị anya na locomotive na-ekweta na ndị na-ajụ ihe mere, na-eme ndị a ọkaibe igwe azụ na 1937, ugbu a na mba aka ekedep ha myirịta ná mba ọzọ? Otú ahụ karị, n'ihi na ọbụna na 1930, ifufe ọwara a rụrụ mbara ule nke engine na a streamlined ụlọ. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ chọpụtara na na ekele ike nke ụdị i nwere ike imeri 200-250 HP, na ụba na-agba. The locomotive nke a n'ụdị na diski wheel pụrụ ịzụlite ya ruo 160 km / h, nke n'oge ahụ onye zuru ndekọ. Atugharị, ọ bụ nnọọ, nnọọ aesthetic.

Soviet omenkà

The ụlọ bụ na njedebe nke a uzuoku locomotive. Obi ya onwe ya a anọ na abụọ bogies. IC locomotive e onwem na Westinghouse breeki. Ọ nwere ike kwukwara na ji esi mmiri ọkụ bụ a dịgasị firebox, nke bụ n'elu eku ma American-style uzo n'uko na combustion ụlọ. N'ụzọ ọrụ ebube Soviet technical echiche bụ Steam Engine 20 16 onye nkọwa dị otú ahụ zuru okè na adịghị-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi okporo ụzọ. Train, edu ndị dị otú ahụ engines, zoro aka na Soviet ugboro ozi. Zuru ezu nkọwa, ekele ndị ọkà, bụ dị ọtụtụ ebe.

ụfọdụ data

Otu nwere ike na-mara na locomotive "Iosif Stalin" asaa iji akara. N'ime ndị a, anọ na-edu. PD si engine, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, ọ na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site wheel usoro. Ya uka bụ hà 133 tọn, na njikọ uka 88 m, nkezi ọsọ - 100-115 km / h. Ndị a locomotives na-ejikwara na enwu uzu ọkụ na a abụọ-cylinder igwe mfe nzọụkwụ.

Mpako engineering - BỤ locomotive - gosiri na atọ Soviet stampụ. A na-ewu ewu Soviet film wepụtara mgbe agha ( "The ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-aga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ"), a locomotive bụ na Chakwasa ihie.